Shuke-shuke na jinsi Helianthus Suna ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke buƙatar hasken rana don samun ingantaccen ci gaba. Sunan kansa ya riga ya nuna mana saboda ya fito daga helio.
Girman yana da sauri, kuma wannan yana da dalilin kasancewarsa: sun samo asali ne don, a cikin fewan watanni kaɗan su tsiro, su yi girma, su yi fure sannan kuma a ƙarshe su bada iri. Don haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan Helianthus waɗanda suke shekara-shekara, yayin da sauran shekaru masu ɗumbin yawa amma suna 'barci' a lokacin kaka-hunturu.
Asali da halayen Heliathus
Harshen Helianthus ya kunshi kusan nau'in 53 da ke asalin Amurka, Rasha, da Yammacin Ostiraliya. Suna shekara-shekara ko ganyayyaki masu ɗorewa waɗanda suka kai tsayi tsakanin mita 1 da 5, kodayake akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke girma har zuwa santimita 50-60. Masu tushe yawanci suna girma a tsaye, kodayake suna iya zama masu ƙarfi dangane da nau'in. Ganyayyaki sune na asali kuma suna da madadin ko akasin haka. Hakanan, suna iya ko ba su da petiole (tushe da ke haɗuwa da ganye tare da tushe), kuma suna da launi mai launi.
A gefe guda, abin da muke kira fure a zahiri inflorescence ne wanda ya haɗu da ƙananan ƙananan furanni waɗanda ke samar da babin zagaye. Thearafan takalmin gyaran kafa (da ba daidai ba da ake kira petals) rawaya ne, ja ko lemu ya danganta da ire-irensu. Kamar yadda su hermaphrodites suke, za su iya samar da tsaba ba tare da buƙatar ƙetare-ƙira ba. 'Ya'yan itacen sun bushe, kuma suna ɗauke da irin da za a iya raba su da sauƙi daga harsashi (kamar' ya'yan sunflower) waɗanda aka san su da sunan fasaha achene.
Babban nau'in
Idan kana son sanin menene nau'ikan furannin rana ko Helianthus, ka duba:
Helianthus shekara
Yana da girasol, kodayake yana karɓar wasu sunaye irin su marigold, mirasol, masarar tayal ko fure ta garkuwa. Yana da kowace shekara ganye yadu a ko'ina cikin duniya, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsayi har zuwa mita 3 tare da kafa mai tushe. Hakanan inflorescences suna da girma, suna auna zuwa santimita 30 a diamita. 'Ya'yan itacen ta sune bututu, wanda ke gama balaga zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Yana amfani
Toari da kasancewa ƙaunataccen shuka a cikin lambuna da farfaji, wani amfani da ake amfani da shi shine dafuwa. Ana cin bututun a matsayin abun ciye ciye, amma kuma ana ciro mai daga cikinsu wanda ake amfani da shi don dafa abinci: man sunflower. Kari akan haka, sandunan suna dauke da zare, wanda yake da amfani wajen yin takarda, kuma ana iya bayar dashi ga dabbobi a matsayin abinci.
Helianthus laetiflorus
Hoton - Wikimedia / SB_Johnny
A gaskiya, sunan kimiyya shine Helianthus x laetiflorus, tun yana da wani na halitta matasan tsakanin Helianthus pauciflorus y Helianthus tuberosus. Yana da tsire-tsire masu tsiro-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire wanda ya kai tsayi zuwa mita 2 Yana samar da furanni rukuni a cikin rawaya inflorescences, aunawa 10-15 santimita a diamita.
Helianthus maximiliani
Hoton - Wikimedia / USFWS Mountain-Prairie
An san shi da suna maximilian sunflower, kuma yana da ganye mai ɗorewa cewa ya kai tsayi tsakanin santimita 50 zuwa mita 3. Aƙƙun suna tsaye, kuma daga cikinsu sun tsiro da ganyayyaki masu lanceolate, kazalika da inflorescences 2-4 santimita a diamita tare da raƙuman rawaya.
Yana amfani
Tushen lokacin farin ciki ana iya cinye shi azaman kayan lambu, misali a cikin salads. Sauran shukar shine abinci mai kyau ga dabbobi.
Helianthus multiflorus
Hoton - Wikimedia / Dinesh Valke
El Helianthus x multiflorus ganye ne na shekara-shekara sakamakon maye gurbi na sunflowers na yau da kullun (Helianthus shekara) ya sha wahala cikin ƙarnuka da yawa. Saboda haka wani zagaye na shekara-shekara, amma tare da mafi kankancin tsayi (gaba ɗaya bai fi santimita 100 ba) kuma tare da adadi mai yawa rawaya.
Helianthus pauciflorus
Hoton - Wikimedia / Matt Lavin
Yana da ganye mai ɗaci da yawa cewa ya kai tsayi har zuwa mita 2. Emsaƙƙun duwatsu suna, na launi mai jan hankali, kuma furanninsu masu launin rawaya an haɗa su a cikin inflorescences har zuwa santimita 7 a diamita. Wadannan sun tsiro a ƙarshen bazara, saboda haka yana da ban sha'awa girma su haɗe tare da sunflowers, tunda lokacin da suka bushe, har yanzu kuna iya jin daɗin furannin rana. H. pauciflorus.
Helianthus petiolaris
Hoton - dangin Flickr / Amfanin gona
An san shi da ƙaramin sunflower ko makiyaya sunflower, yana da ciyawar shekara shekara ya kai tsawon kimanin santimita 120. Kullun yana tsaye, kuma yana da kore. Daga gare ta ne ganye masu launin kore-kore-shuɗi, da furanni suka haɗu a cikin raƙuman rawaya waɗanda suka auna kimanin santimita 7-8 a diamita.
Helianthus tuberosus
El Helianthus tuberosus, wanda aka fi sani da artichoke na Urushalima, artichoke na Urushalima ko sunflower na Kanada, tsire-tsire ne na yau da kullun cewa yayi girma tsakanin santimita 50 da mita 2 a tsayi. Furannin suna taruwa a cikin ƙananan fure, kuma suna rawaya. Tushensa tubers ne wanda yakai tsawon santimita 10 da kauri santimita 3-5.
Yana amfani
Tuber ana amfani dashi da yawa a dakin girki a matsayin kayan lambu, kamar yadda yake da wadataccen ruwa, da kuma sunadarai da zare. Hakanan yana hidimar abinci ga dabbobi masu ciyawar dabbobi.
Wanne daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan Helianthus kuka fi so?