Ire-iren aphids

Aphids suna daya daga cikin kwari da ke kai hari ga tsire-tsire, a gida da waje. Su qananan cututtuka ne, tsawonsu bai kai rabin santimita ba, kuma suna ciyar da ruwan ganye da furanni, wani lokacin ma akan rassan da har yanzu suke kore.

Amma ko da yake dukkansu suna iya zama iri ɗaya a gare mu. an san cewa akwai nau'ikan aphids sama da 4000. Ana samun su a kusan dukkanin yankuna masu zafi da zafi na duniya, wani abu da ke sa su zama barazana ga tsire-tsire, musamman ƙananan yara.

Wadanne nau'ikan aphids ne suka fi shahara?

Magana game da kowane nau'in aphids zai ba mu littafi, don haka za mu nuna muku mafi yawan al'ada don ku iya gane su idan sun shafi tsire-tsire ku:

Black wake aphid (Aphis fabae)

Wani nau'in aphid ne wanda aka yi imani da cewa asalinsa ne a Turai da Asiya, ko da yake ya zama ɗan adam a duk faɗin duniya. Kamar yadda sunan kowa ya nuna, jikinsa baki ne, kuma yana da farare da bakar kafafu. Amma ban da shafar wake, za mu iya samunsa a cikin wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire.

A matsayin abin ban sha'awa, dole ne a ce ƙaura ce. Wata ƙungiyar masana ilimin halitta ta gano cewa yawancin waɗannan aphids suna bayyana a Faransa a farkon lokacin rani, kuma a ƙarshen wannan lokacin suna ƙaura zuwa Scotland (kana da ƙarin bayani). a nan).

Auduga aphid (Aphis gossypi)

Aphid auduga wata karamar kwaro ce da ake samu musamman a yankuna masu zafi na Amurka, Asiya ta Tsakiya, da kuma yankuna masu zafi na Turai. Suna da jiki mai zagaye, launin rawaya ko koren duhu, kuma tsayin su kusan milimita 2 ne.

Kwaro ce da ta zama ruwan dare a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kamar kankana, kokwamba, kankana, kabewa da kuma citrus (orange, lemo, mandarin, da dai sauransu). Amma kuma yana lalata hibiscus kuma, ta yaya zai zama in ba haka ba, auduga.

Oleander aphid (Aphis neri)

Aphid oleander Yana da launi orange-rawaya, kuma yana auna kusan millimeters 2. Ana tsammanin ya samo asali ne daga yankin Bahar Rum, saboda yana da oleander a matsayin babban shukar shuka. Amma tun da yake wannan shuka ce mai ƙauna a cikin lambuna, an shigar da kwaro da gangan zuwa wasu ƙasashe.

Baya ga shafar nerium oleander, Har ila yau yana haifar da lalacewa ga dipladenia, plumeria, vincas; kuma wani lokaci ana samunsa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, euphorbias, campanula, da asteraceae.

Apple aphid (Aphispomi)

Este Koren aphid ne mai siffar pear. Ya fito ne daga Turai, amma an gabatar da shi zuwa wasu ƙasashe, kamar Arewacin Amurka, Yammacin Asiya, Indiya, Pakistan, da Isra'ila.

Itacen da ya fi so shine itacen apple, amma kuma yana cutar da bishiyar pear. Medasar Turai, quince, fure daji, spiraea, da hawthorn.

Green citrus aphid (Aphis spiraecola)

Koren citrus aphid Kwari ne mai zagaye, koren jiki mai bakaken kafafu.. Kamar sauran aphids, yana iya yada ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, mafi yawan damuwa shine kwayar cutar bakin ciki na citrus, wanda zai iya kashe tsire-tsire.

Baya ga wadannan itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, tana kuma ciyar da ciyawar fure, peach, pear, almond, medlar, apricot, da sauransu. Rosaceae, da asteraceae da Umbelliferae.

Kabeji aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae)

Wani nau'in aphid ne wanda ya samo asali daga Turai, daga inda aka bullo da shi a wasu kasashen duniya. Yana da jiki mai launin toka-kore wanda wani sinadari mai kakin zuma ya lullube shi., wanda ya sa ya zama launin toka-fari.

Kodayake yana haɓaka da sauri, yana ciyar da tsire-tsire na dangin Brassicaceae, wato, kabeji, farin kabeji, broccoli, radish, da sauransu.

Ashy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea)

Aphid ash na itacen apple na asali ne zuwa Turai, amma a yau yana yiwuwa a gan shi a kusan duk duniya, ban da Ostiraliya. Yana auna kimanin 2-2,6 millimeters, kuma yana da jiki mai ruwan hoda zuwa duhu shudi-launin toka mai lullube da kakin zuma.

Yi amfani da apple itacen a matsayin babban shuka mai masaukin baki, ko da yake ana kuma lura da shi a cikin jinsin Plantago.

Plum mealy aphid (Hyalopterus pruni)

Wannan wani nau'i ne na aphid 'yan asalin Turai wanda yana da koren kore ko launin ruwan jiki wanda aka lullube shi da farar waxy foda. Yana auna kusan 2-3 millimeters, kuma yana haɓaka da sauri mai ban mamaki.

Yana cutar da duk tsiron halittar Prunus, musamman plum, wanda shi ne babban shuka shuka.

Wane lahani suke haifarwa?

Ko da yake akwai nau'ikan aphids da yawa, duk suna haifar da lalacewa iri ɗaya kuma ana yaƙe su ta hanya ɗaya. Kafin mu ci gaba zuwa jiyya da dole ne mu yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu cutarwa. mu ga irin barnar da suke haifarwa:

• Furen furanni ba sa buɗewa kuma suna faɗuwa.
• Ganyen suna da tabo (a wasu lokuta suna yin ja-ja-jaja) a wuraren da akwai aphids.
• Ganye faduwa.
• Bayyanar tururuwa da / ko m naman gwari, a sakamakon da honeydew secreted by aphids.

Ta yaya kuke yaƙi da aphids?

Ana iya yin shi tare da maganin muhalli da sinadarai. Idan kwaro ba tartsatsi da / ko shuka yana da ƙananan, muna bada shawarar aikace-aikacen diatomaceous ƙasa., wanda shine na halitta kuma mai matukar tasiri maganin kwari. A cikin bidiyon mun bayyana yadda ake amfani da shi. Har ila yau, idan kuna da yiwuwar, yana da ban sha'awa sosai don tayar da ladybugs, tun lokacin da suke ciyar da waɗannan kwari.

A cikin yanayin cewa yana da girma, ko an fi son yin amfani da sinadarai, abubuwa masu aiki mafi tasiri sune cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, da deltamethrin.. Amma a, yana yiwuwa ba a ba da izinin wasu daga cikinsu a cikin ƙasarku ko kuma ya zama dole a sami katin mai amfani na samfuran phytosanitary, don haka yana da mahimmanci ku sanar da kanku a cikin gandun daji na shuka a yankinku kafin siyan samfurin.

Shin kun san waɗannan nau'ikan aphids?