Photosynthesis tsari ne wanda rayuwa, kamar yadda muka santa, zata wanzu. Ba tsirrai kawai ke amfana ba, har da dabbobi tunda muke shakar iskar oxygen, iskar gas da ganye ke fitarwa.
Abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa sanin zurfin hoto, tunda akwai matakai da yawa, kuma akwai ma wasu tsirrai wadanda, saboda yanayin canjin yanayin da suke rayuwa, sun koya yin hakan ta wata hanya daban.
Mene ne hotunan hoto?
La photosynthesis tsari ne wanda tsirrai ke canza hasken rana zuwa makamashisaboda haka, suna yinta ne kawai da rana. Wadanda ke da alhakin cika wannan muhimmin aiki sune chloroplasts, waxanda suke tsarukan kore ne da aka samo akan ganye.
Launinsu saboda chlorophyll, wanda shine biomolecule ba tare da wanzuwar masarautar ba zata iya ɗaukar hoto ba. Yana da mahimmanci cewa shuke-shuke da ganyayyaki daban-daban (watau kore da rawaya misali) suna girma a hankali fiye da waɗanda suke da ganye koren kore. Bugu da kari, sun fi saurin fuskantar hasken rana, wahala tana kuna da sauri fiye da wadanda ke koren.
Tsarin makircin photosynthesis na shuke-shuke kamar haka:
Hoto - Wikimedia / Meily Poot
Menene fasalin photosynthesis a tsire-tsire?
Kamar yadda muke tsammani a farkon, photosynthesis yana da matakai biyu, waɗanda sune:
Lokacin haske
Lokacin haske shine wanda ke faruwa yayin rana. Zamu iya cewa shi photosynthesis ne da kansa; ba a banza ba, shi ne da rana lokacin da rana take sama saboda haka lokacin da tsire-tsire ke iya ɗaukar kuzarinta.
Ya kunshi canza hasken zuwa makamashi, akasari a cikin hanyar ATP (adenosine triphosphate) da NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), tare da taimakon ruwa da iskar oxygen wanda jijiyoyi da ganye suke sha bi da bi.
Lokaci mai duhu
La duhu lokaci shine zangon karshe na hotunan hotuna, kuma ya kunshi canza carbon dioxide da sauran abubuwa zuwa glucose, wanda shine abinci ga shuke-shuke.
Don yin wannan, suna amfani da duka ATP da NADPH waɗanda aka samar a cikin yanayin haske, kuma suna yin ƙarin matakai biyu: gyaran carbon a cikin carbohydrates, da kuma zagayen Calvin. A wannan tsarin ƙarshe, ana adana kwayar halitta azaman glucose.
Shin duk tsire-tsire suna yin hotuna iri ɗaya?
Ba da gaske bane. A zahiri, gwargwadon yadda suke gyara carbon, an gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri uku:
- C3 shuke-shuke: sune waɗanda ke gyara carbon dioxide a cikin zagayen Calvin. Su ne kwatancen.
- C4 shuke-shukeAbin da suke yi shine canza carbon dioxide zuwa malate, wanda za'a ɗauke shi zuwa ƙwayoyin da ke samar da CO2 da pyruvate. Daga nan ne kawai za a fara zagaye na Calvin. Karin bayani.
- CAM shuke-shuke: su shuke-shuke ne, saboda tsananin zafin rana, suna toshe pores dinsu har dare. A sakamakon haka, ba za su iya sha iskar carbon dioxide sabili da haka suna daukar hoto ba. Don haka, sukan sha shi yayin da dare ya rikide zuwa malate, wanda da rana zai basu damar samar da CO2 da aiwatar da zagayen Calvin. Karin bayani.
Menene aikin hotynthesis?
M cikin canza makamashin rana zuwa abinci ga tsirrai ta hanyar jerin halayen sunadarai wanda suke amfani da shi ba kawai hasken rana ba, har ma da carbon dioxide da ruwa. Sakamakon haka, suna fitar da iskar oxygen, iskar gas da duk muke dogaro da numfashi.
Yanzu, yana da mahimmanci a bayyana cewa fitar O2 ba'a kidaya shi azaman aiki, amma sakamakon hotunan hoto. Dabbobi, gami da mutane, sun dogara da masarautar tsire don wanzuwa. Amma, yana iya ba ka mamaki ka sani cewa, kodayake tsire-tsire na ƙasa suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwa, idan za mu ce wane ne rayayyen halittar da ke samar da iskar oxygen mafi yawa, za mu yi mamaki.
Phytoplankton, mai samarda da kashi 85% na iskar oxygen
Haka ne, phytoplankton, kwayoyin da suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin ruwa (teku, dausayi, koguna), wadanda, ta hanyar shan karfin rana, suna aiwatar da hotuna, suna korar iskar oxygen. Da yawa daga cikin halittun da suka samar dashi sune cyanobacteria, koren algae da diatoms.
Saboda haka, su ba dazuzzuka bane ginshikin rayuwa. Amma ba wai kawai saboda iskar oxygen ba, amma kuma saboda sarƙar abinci tana farawa da su. Duk wani canjin da yake faruwa a cikin ruwa, kamar dumama shi, ko sanya shi a jiki, zai hana su aiwatar da ayyukansu yadda ya kamata.
Tsarin jiki ke samar da sama da rabin iskar oxygen din da ake samu a wannan duniyar tamuWannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da matukar mahimmanci a kula da tekuna, har ma da yanayin ƙasa, tunda ba za mu iya mantawa da cewa sare dazuzzuka da gurɓataccen yanayi na daga cikin abubuwan da ke kawo sauyin yanayi cikin sauri.
Muna fatan cewa duk abin da kuka koya game da hotunan hoto ya kasance mai amfani a gare ku.