Ndehupi hunhu hwesango reMediterranean?

Sango reMediterranean inzvimbo yakasarudzika, mune mhuka nemiti zvinogara pamwe chete izvo zvakakwanisa kuchinjira kunharaunda umo kusanaya kwemoto nemoto zviri matambudziko akanyanya anomuka gore rega rega.

Kufamba mairi, kunzwa rwiyo rweshiri nemhepo ichifambisa mashizha, chiitiko chisingakanganwike. Tsvaga kwayakatangira, shanduko, pamwe nezvinomera zvinopa iro ruvara.

Chii?

Durisilva, sezvazvinodanwawo, isango uye kukwesha biome kunowanikwa mumatunhu epasi ane mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean, rinova iro bheseni regungwa rinoipa zita rayo, nzvimbo yekuCalifornia, chakwesha cheChilean, fynbos yekuSouth Africa uye malee kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba kweAustralia. Muzviitiko zvese, iri pakati pe30º ne40ºC yekukwira, iri 44º muMediterranean.

Mamiriro ekunze aya anoonekwa nekupisa uye kupisa kwakanyanya (kudziya kwakanyanya pakati pe30 ne45ºC uye tembiricha yakaderera pakati pemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu pakati pemwaka wemwaka), matsutso anodziya, kutonhora kwakapfava nechando chisina kujairika kusvika -20ºC, uye zvitubu zvinonakidza zvine 25- 7ºC nemvura.

Chii chakatangira sango reMediterranean?

Kwakatangira nzvimbo yeMediterranean, uye nekudaro, yesango rayo, Iyo iri pamahombekombe eGungwa reThetis, gungwa rekare raipatsanura zvatinoziva nhasi se Africa neEurope asi izvo zvinodaidzwa nenyanzvi kuti Laurasia yekare neGondwana yekare. mabvazuva yakagadziriswa zvakawanda kubvira Middle Cretaceous (anenge makore zana emamiriyoni apfuura) kusvika kumagumo eMiocene (Makore mamirioni manomwe).

Pakati pemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu nemakumi matatu nematatu apfuura, nharaunda yaive inodziya uye yakanyorova, saka sango rinogona kuwedzera; zvisinei, pakupera kweOligocene (makore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nematatu apfuura) tembiricha yakadzikira uye kunaya kwemvura kwakaderera. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, zvishoma nezvishoma mamiriro ayo anopa hupenyu akaiswa nhasi.

Ndeapi maitiro ayo?

Sei ivhu reMediterranean?

Sango remediterranean inokura pane ivhu remavara akasiyana ered, iine yakakwira chikamu chevhu nevhu. Rukanda rwekutanga, kazhinji, rwakanyanya kushomeka mune zvakasikwa, nekuti tembiricha yakanyanya uye kushomeka kwemvura kunoita kuti ive nehunhu hwekukanganisa; dura rechipiri rinoumbwa nevhu uye ayoni, izvo zvinoita kuti rinyatsoumbana; uye rukoko rwekupedzisira rwunoumbwa naamai dombo, inova iyo iyo, kana ichizoora kana yasangana nemvura, inoburitsa zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa kumiti, simbi kana calcium.

Saka, isu tinosiyanisa marudzi matatu epasi reMediterranean:

• Ivhu rakasvibira kana rakatsvuka: ndeaaya ane huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi.
• Terra rossa: ndivo vekare, uye avo vasina kana runyoro rwepamusoro hunodzivirira zvimwe zvese.
• Maodzanyemba epepuru pasi: ndiyo iri mumasango eMediterranean eiclicic mavambo. Iyo iri panjodzi huru yekukukurwa kwevhu, saka pane zvidiki zvakasiyana zvezvirimwa, izvo zvinonyanya kukwesha shrub.

Ndezvipi zvinowanzoitika zvinomera zvedurisilva?

Zvirimwa zvinogara mairi anonzi sclerophyllous uye xerophilous, sezvo vachifanira kumira kuoma kwechirimo kunogona kugara kwemwedzi mitatu, dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya. Saizvozvo, ivo vanowanzo girini; ndiko kuti, vanodonhedza mashizha zvishoma nezvishoma mukati megore rose vachiaisa matsva.

Neichi chikonzero, izvo zvatinogona kuwana zvakanyanya ndeizvi:

• Pinus halepensis (Aleppo paini): iri conifer inosvika makumi maviri nemashanu pakureba, iine chitunha kana chakatwasuka (kunyangwe ichigona kumonyoroka) uye yakatetepa kunge 25-35cm dhayamita.
• pinus pinea (ibwe repine): iri conifer inogona kukura pakati pe12 kusvika 50 metres pakureba. Inowanzo kuwanikwa ichigara neAleppo paini uye, munzvimbo dzinonaya nguva zhinji, nemiti yemiouki.
• Quercus ilex (Holm muouki): muti unogara uri wegirini unosvika pakati pemamita gumi nematanhatu nemakumi maviri nemashanu pakureba, unobereka michero inodyiwa mukupera kwezhizha / matsutso.
• Quercus faginea (nduru): iwo muti unosvika makumi maviri emamita pakureba, uyo unotumbuka muchirimo (Kubvumbi naMay kuchamhembe kwenyika). Inodzivisa kusanaya kwemvura, asi isu tichazviona zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzine hunyoro musango reMediterranean.
• Arbutus unedus (arbutus): inogara iri green shrub 4 kusvika 7 metres kumusoro iyo inoburitsa michero inodyiwa yakatsvuka yakanangana nematsutso.
• Juniperus sabina (sabina): iri conifer iyo isinga pfuure mita imwe pakureba musango, uye iyo inogona kukura pasi pevhu kana mamiriro achiida izvozvo (semuenzaniso, kana yakamera munzvimbo ine matombo apo mhepo inovhuvhuta nguva dzose).
• cistus (rockrose): iwo anogara ari egwenzi shrub anosvika pamamita 2-3 kukwirira, anodzivirira kwazvo pamoto. Ichokwadi, mbeu dzinokura zvirinani kana muchero waidzivirira ukapona nemoto.
• Rosmarinus officinalis (Romero): inogara iri green shrub inosvika 2 metres kukwirira nemashizha egreenish uye maruva madiki e-lilac.
• Smilax rough (sarsaparilla): igwenzi rinokwira kusvika pamamita maviri, kubva ipapo iyo midzi inogona kushandiswa pakuve mishonga (inoshandiswa pazviitiko zveRheumatism uye zvirwere zveganda).
• Pistacea lentiscus (mastic): igobhu rinogara riri girini rinokura pakati pemamita maviri kusvika mashanu pakureba, iro rinopa hwema hwakasimba hwebwe.

Kune zvakare masango akasanganiswa, mune miti yakadai saUlmus (elms) uye Populus (poplars) inokura padyo nemvura, senzizi kana nyanza.

Moto unoita basa rei?

Ichokwadi ndechekuti nhasi iri kutaura nezvemoto uye kuzviisa pachedu panjodzi, nekuti gore rega rega kune akawanda anokonzerwa nevanhu vasina basa. Asi Hatigone kukanganwa kuti izvo zvisina kudenhwa, ndiko kuti, izvo zvakasikwa, zvakagadzirwa kubvira nyika iri pasi. Uye zvirimwa zvaifanirwa kuchinjika. Uyezve, dai vasiri ivo, semuenzaniso masango eucalyptus eAustralia angadai asiri izvo zvavari nhasi.

Chinhu chimwe chete ichi chinoitika muMediterranean. Miti mizhinji inofarirwa mushure memoto wesango. Takataura newe nezve rockrose, ine mhodzi dzinomera nekureruka mushure mekuratidzwa kumatembiricha akakwirira, asi handiyo yega. Kupona mapini kunogona kukura kusimba, kana rosemary.

Moto - Ndinoomerera, chero bedzi zviri zvakasikwa - batsira sango kumutsidzira, kusimbisa, uye kuwana ivhu.

Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye zviito zvevanhu musango reMediterranean

Pakagara paine shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye sango riri kutaurwa rakaona kushandurwa kwaro mukushanduka kwaro kwese. Asi pamusoro pezvose mumakore 5000 apfuura, kunyanya nekuda kwekutemwa kwemasango nekushandiswa kwemoto, masango eMediterranean, kunyangwe achiwedzera pamusoro padzo (dzinotora mahekita mamirioni makumi masere nemasere), vari kuwedzera kutyisidzirwa nekuvandudzwa kwevanhu uye nekuwedzera nguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura.

Iye zvino, kune marudzi anopfuura mazana matatu emiti yeMediterranean nemhuka zviri munjodzi yekutsakatika: MuSpain chete, mune 26% yehuwandu, ichiteverwa neItari (24%), Greece (21%), Turkey (17%) neMorocco (15%).

Chii chatingaite kuti tiichengetedze?

Isu, semunhu mumwe nemumwe, tinogona kutora matanho anotevera:

• Usatange moto (zviripachena, asi zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti zvirimwa mapapu ePasi, uye nekutenda kwavari tinogona kurarama).
• Batsira pakutangazve miti.
• Usaite mabonfire mukati memwedzi inokurudzirwa nehurumende yedunhu (semuenzaniso, muBalearic Islands zvinorambidzwa kubva munaKurume kusvika Gunyana / Gumiguru).
• Kana uchisvuta, tora chidhiraivho woisa fodya yako ipapo.
• Usasiye plastiki kana chero mhando yemarara.

Muboka / musangano / chikamu chehurumende:

• Tevedzera nzira yemasango inoenderana nemamiriro edondo rematunhu.
• Rwisa moto, uchigadzira ruzivo pakati pevagari vemuzvikoro, kushambadza, nezvimwe.
• Kudzidza uye kudyara yemhando yemhando yemiti inorwisa kusanaya.
• Simbisa maketani anokosha emasango.

Uye neizvi ndinopedza. Ndinovimba kuti zvese zvawakadzidza nezve sango reMediterranean zvakushandira iwe.