Miti yemichindwe: zvese nezve izvi zvinomera

Miti yemichindwe zvirimwa zvine runako runoshamisa. Hutanda hwayo (hwatingati hunde) hunokura kumusoro senge hwaida kusvika kudenga, uye mashizha ayo anokosha achizunguzika nemhepo nguva dzese dzaunoridza pakati pemapepa awo, kunyangwe maruva awo, ayo akarongedzwa mumaburi inflorescence ane matavi mazhinji, anoita kukosha kwekushongedza kwemiriwo iyi kunongowedzera.

Ini ndinozvibvuma: Ndiri murudo nemiti iyi. Asi pamwe iwe urikowo, kana uchave munguva pfupi. Saka, mune ino yakakosha chinyorwa tiri kuzotaura kwenguva refu nezvazvo: hunhu hwavo, mhando, mhando huru, mashandisiro, ... uye nezvimwe.

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yemichindwe?

Rudzi urwu rwezvirimwa akatanga kugara pasi pano makore angangoita mamirioni 145 apfuura, panguva yeCretaceous. Panguva iyoyo, zvinokambaira zvakakura zvakagara pasi: dinosaurs, ayo akagovana ndima nezvipuka zvemhuka, ndiko kuti, pamwe nemhuka idzo dzinodzivirira vana vadzo mukati mechikara kusvikira dzikure zvakakwana kuti vakwanise kugara kunze, sesu vanhu.

Kurwira kupona hakufanirwe kunge kwakave nyore kwazvo kumiti yemichindwe, sezvo madinosaurs mazhinji anodyiswa huswa, senge Supersaurus, iyo yakasvika pamamita gumi nemashanu pakureba. Kana tikatarisa kuti nhasi uno murefu kwazvo muchindwe, iyo Cerylon quiniuense Iyo inenge 60 metres pakureba, ine inononoka kukura (ingangoita 20cm pagore ichiri diki), yembeu gumi dzaifanira kunge dzakamera, imwe chete kana mbiri dzakasara.

Ndiyo miti here kana mahebhu?

Inowanzo fungidzirwa kuti kutaura nezvemichindwe kutaura nezve miti, asi iko kukanganisa. Izvi zvinomera zvinomera, uye icho chinhu chatinogona kuona panongomera mbeu: kusiyana nemiti, iyo ine makotoni maviri (mashizha maviri okutanga), miti yemichindwe inongova nemumwe chete, zvinova zvinoita kuti iite sehuswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ivo monocotyledonous zvirimwa. Asi misiyano haigumi pano.

Monocots hauna trunk yechokwadi, sezvo vasina chokwadi chechipiri chekukura, zvekuti, kana uchicheka, haungaone mhete dzegore dzine miti nezvimwe zvinomera zvedicot. Mune chaiwo mamiriro evatambi vedu, hunde inonzi stipe kana hunde. Chii chimwe, mashizha ane tsinga dzinoonekwa, dzinoenderana.

Ndeapi maitiro emichindwe?

Miti yemichindwe imhando yemuti uri wemhuri ye botanical Arecaceae (yaimbova Palmae) inoparadzirwa munzvimbo dzese dzinodziya uye dzinodziya dzepasi. Anenge zviuru zvitatu zvemarudzi anozivikanwa, uye ese (kana mazhinji) ane zvikamu izvi:

• Estate: ndezvepamusoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanokura masendimita mashoma -asingapfuuri 60cm- kubva pasi pevhu.
• Stipe: inogona kukosheswa kana kutsetseka, nemamwe mashizha asvava kana asina. Kune mamwe marudzi asina kana kuti akapfupika, senge Hustralasian hare kana the Wallichhia Densiflora.
• Inflorescences: kana iwo ari matsva, anowanzo dzivirirwa ne spathe. Kana dzangovhurwa, dzinodaidzwa kuti ma spadices.
• Guta guru: ndicho chikamu chinobatanidza stipe nemashizha. Kana ikatemwa, muti unofa sekukura kwemashizha kunobva pauri.
• Korona kana mukombe: Inoumbwa nemashizha kana mapfunde anogona kuvezwa kana kuita-fanika.

Mhando dzakasiyana

Kunyora nezvemhando mazana matatu emiti yemichindwe mune chimwe chinyorwa chaisazogoneka, saka ndiri kuzokuudza nezve izvo zviri nyore kuwana muzvitoro nezvitoro zvepamhepo.

areca catchu

Iyo Areca Nut kana Betel Palm, sezvainodanwa dzimwe nguva, muti wemuchindwe we monoecious - kune tsoka dzechirume netsoka dzechikadzi - dzinobva kuAsia neOceania. Iyo ine inokurumidza kukura mwero kudzamara yasvika pamamita makumi matatu pakureba.. Hunde yayo inoreba kusvika pamasendimita makumi matatu paupamhi, uye yakashongedzwa nekorona nemashizha emupini kusvika pamamita matatu pakureba ne 30-3cm yakafara mapepa akasvibirira

Nhamo, inotaridzika zvakanyanya kutonhora uye chandoUye kana iwe uchikura munzvimbo ine tembiricha muzhizha inokwira pamusoro pe 30ºC, unofanirwa kuidzivirira kubva kuzuva rakananga. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kuve uri mukati sekureba iwe uri mumba umo mune yakawanda mwenje unouya kubva kunze.

Cerylon quiniuense

Inozivikanwa seWax Palm kana Quindío Wax Palm, chirimwa chinowanikwa kumipata yeAndean yeLos Nevados National Natural Park, iri muCocora Valley yeDhipatimendi reQuindío, mudunhu rekofi kuColombia. Ndiwo murefu kwazvo wemuchindwe, uchikwanisa kusvika pamakumi matanhatu emamiriyoni uye kana kutodarika iwo. Mashizha acho ane mapini, girini yakasvibira padivi rekumusoro uye sirivheri kana kuchena pazasi. Hunde yacho iri cylindrical, inotsvedzerera, uye yakafukidzwa newakisi.

Nekuda kwemavambo ayo, imhando inogona kungokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinotonhora-kutonhora gore rese. Tembiricha iri munzvimbo yayo yekwainotenderera inosvikira pakati pe12 ne19ºC paavhareji, kuitira kuti munzvimbo dzinopisa kukura kwayo kunodzikira zvakanyanya (muzhizha hapana chinokura kana chikapfuura 25ºC). Asi inotsigira zvakanaka chando che -8ºC.

Chamaedorea elegans

La Lounge chanza kana Pacaya chanza chine dioecious (maruva echikadzi uye echirume ari mumuenzaniso mumwechete) we 2-4m kukwirira ine pinnate mashizha 40-60cm pakureba. Inowanikwa kuCentral America (Mexico, Guatemala neBelize). Ndiwo chirimwa chine hunde imwe chete inotengeswa muhari dzine madzinde akati wandei (sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo uri pamusoro).

Icho chirimwa chiri nyore kwazvo kukura, icho iwe chaunogona kuve nacho muhari yekushongedza imba yako kwemakore mazhinji, mazhinji makore, kunyangwe muhupenyu hwese hwemuti. Asi kana iwe uchida kuzvichengeta kunze Iwe unofanirwa kuichengetedza kubva kuzuva rakananga uye chando pazasi -2ºC..

Chamaerops anonyadzisa

El Palmetto o Margallón ndomumwe wevaviri Michindwe yakaberekerwa kuSpain, kunyanya kubva kunzvimbo yangu, Balearic Islands, ichiwanikwa pamusoro pezvose muSierra de Tramuntana (kuchamhembe kweMallorca). Inokurawo zvakasikwa muNorth Africa neSouthwest Europe.

Inoonekwa nekuve nemiti mizhinji inosvika pamamita matatu kusvika matatu kukwirira ayo akapfekedzwa korona nemashizha akaita kunge fan, uye nekushomeka kwayo kusingaite kusanaya kwemvura. Chii chimwe, inodzivirira kutonhora pasi -7ºC uye inokura zvakanaka pavhu rakashata.

Cyrtostachys renda

La Mutsvuku wemuti wemuchindwe Iyo ndeimwe yeanodiwa, asi zvakare imwe yeakanyanya kusimba. Icho chirimwa chemulticaule chinowanikwa kuSumatra, iyo Akareba 12m uye ine pinnate mashizha 2-3m kureba. Iyo stipe yakatetepa, isina 15cm dhayamita.

Iyo iri chaizvo, inotarisisa kutonhora: tembiricha iri pazasi pe10ºC inokuvadza zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, inoda mwando wakakwirira uye inodzivirirwa kubva kuzuva rakananga.

Dypsis lutescens

Ichi ndicho chanza chatinonyatsoziva seAreca kana Yero Areca, asi isu hatifanire kukanganiswa. Mamwe mazita aanogamuchira ndiPalma de Frutos de Oro, Palmera Bambú kana Palma Areca. Iyo Dypsis lutescens Iwo muti wemuchindwe wakawanda-une matanda - anoverengeka - anowanikwa kuMadagascar. Mashizha awo akapetwa, 2 kusvika 3m kureba, uye hunde yaro yakakosheswa kuita 4-5m kukwirira.

Zviri nyore kutarisira, kubvira yakanyatsopokana nemazaya echando asina kusimba kudzika kusvika -1ºC chero bedzi ivo vachibata nguva uye kwenguva pfupi. Izvi zvinonakidza kwazvo, nekuti kana tichikura mumba hatifanirwe kunetseka zvakanyanya pamusoro pemhepo inotonhorera yemhepo inopinda patinovhura musuwo. Ehe, inoda yakawanda mwenje (asi kwete yakananga).

Howea forsteriana

La kentia ndechimwe chemichindwe chakarimwa kwazvo mumba. Icho chinowanikwa kuna Lord Howe Island, icho chinochipa zita rejenasi iyo iri (Howea). Inokura kusvika pamamita gumi nemashanu pakureba, iine chitunha chakareruka uye chine ringi ye15cm pakureba.. Mashizha acho akareba uye akareba, anosvika 3m.

Nekuda kwekukura kwayo kunonoka uye runako, inowanzo chengetwa muhari kwemakore, ese ari mukati meimba uye mune pati-mumvuri patio kana gadheni. Inodzivisa mazaya echando kusvika -5ºC pasina kutambura kwakakura kukuvara.

phoenix canariensis

Imwe yemaviri emichindwe auto emichindwe eSpain. Iyo Canary Island Palm kana Canary Island Palm zvinowanzoitika kuCanary Islands. Mashizha awo akapetwa uye anogona kunge akareba 5-6m. Hunde yacho iri gobvu, inosvika pamamita matatu pakadzika kwayo, uye inokura kusvika 10m kureba. Inowanzo kudyarwa muminda nemapaki.

Inodzivisa mazaya echando kusvika -7ºC pasina matambudziko, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuva nayo kunze munzvimbo iri muzuva rakananga.

Phoenix dactylifera

La muchindwe kana támara imhando yakakosha zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi nekuda kwemichero yayo: misi. Zvinotendwa kuti zvakabva kuSouthwest Asia, asi nhasi zvave zvakasarudzika muNorth Africa, uye mumwe angangodaro akadaro munzvimbo yeMediterranean zvakare.

Icho chirimwa chemulticaule icho inosvika 30m kukwirira ane hunde inobata 20 kusvika 50cm muhupamhi. Mashizha acho ane pinnate, glaucous green. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, kuwedzera kune michero yayo, zvinokurudzirwa kwazvo kuve nazvo muminda, kubvira inomira kusanaya kwemvura uye kutonhora kusvika -8ºC.

Vanochengetwa sei?

Zvino zvataona mhando huru, ngatione kuti zvinoda kutarisirwa zvakadii. Izvo zvakakosha kuti, zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana, zvinogona kuda kuchengetwa kwakasiyana, saka kana uine mibvunzo bvunza 🙂:

• Nzvimbo: kazhinji ivo vanofanirwa kuiswa kunze. Mazhinji anokura mushe muzuva, asi kune mamwe anoda kuchengetedzwa.
• Ivhu kana substrate: kunyangwe akachengetwa muhari kana mubindu, zvakakosha kuti ivhu riine drainage rakanaka kwazvo uye rakapfuma mune organic organic.
• Kudiridza: kanenge katatu pavhiki muzhizha, uye kamwe kana kaviri pavhiki zororo regore.
• Kudyara kana kupandukira nguva: muchirimo, apo njodzi yechando yapfuura.
• Kuwanza: nembeu muchirimo kana chirimo, uchivasuma muhombodo ine hermetically yakavharwa ine vermiculite uye kuiisa padyo nemhepo inopisa (haifanirwe kudarika 30ºC), kana nekuparadzanisa madzinde mukati megore.

Matambudziko emuti wemuchindwe

Zvipembenene

• Tsvuku tsvuku: inosiya madiki machena machena kana mavara pane chikamu chepamusoro chemashizha, uye dandemutande rinoonekwa. Inobatwa neAbamectin kana Dicofol. (Ona faira).
• Mealybugs: dzinogadzikana pamashizha uye madzinde, zvichikonzera mavara eyero kuti aoneke achikonzerwa nekukweva. Vanorapwa nemushonga unorwisa utachiona.
• Tsvuku tsvuku: Makonye eichi chizi anokura achifudza mukati meguta, achiwedzera kushomeka chirimwa. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvekutanga ndiko kutsauka kwepakati shizha. Iwe unogona zvakare kufungidzira kuti ine kana iwe ukaona iyo yakarumwa mashizha, tambo dzinobuda kunze kwesitepe. Iyo inorwiwa neImidacloprid uye Chlorpyrifos, (mwedzi mumwe chete, uye unotevera mumwe) munguva yechirimo, zhizha uye matsutso. (Ona faira).

Zvirwere

• Kuora kwepingi: necrotic mavara anoonekwa pane madzinde. Mashizha akura anofa nekukasira, kutanga kuita yero nekuomesa gare gare. Mishonga yekudzivirira inogona kuitwa neTriforin.
• fusarium: iyo basal mashizha inowana yero yero grey toni, kusvikira pakupedzisira yaoma uye chirimwa chafa. Inogona kurapwa neBenomyl.
• Phytophthora: inokonzeresa miti mizhinji midiki kufa. Mashizha anomesa nekukasira kusvikira, pazuva risingatarisirwi, unoadzura uye anobuda zviri nyore kwazvo. Inogona kudzivirirwa nekudzivirira kudonha kwemvura uye nekurapa neFosetil-Al.

Ndezvipi izvi?

Kushongedza magadheni nemapatio, hongu 🙂. Kwete, ivo havana kungogumira ipapo. Kune mhando zhinji dzinoburitsa michero inodyiwa, se Phoenix dactylifera chii chatakaona kana iyo cocos nucifera (coconut muti). Mashizha anoshandiswa kuvaka matenga mumatunhu mazhinji, mukuwedzera yekugadzira maturusi epamba, uye zvakare yebasa mumunda.

Nechesa, iyo inosunungurwa kana uchicheka mashizha uye inflorescence yemamwe marudzi, zvinwiwa zvakagadzirwa, kufanana newaini yemichindwe. Kubva kune mamwe michero mafuta, majarini, huchi uye sipo zvinowanikwa.

Nekudaro, iwo mubvunzo wezvirimwa zveumwe runako izvo zvine basa rakakura kumunhu. Iwe unofungei nezvemichindwe?