Ficus

Zvirimwa zvejenasi Ficus ndeimwe yeavo vane midzi mirefu, zvekuti hazvikurudzirwe kuva nazvo mumabindu madiki sezvo zvichikonzera matambudziko akawanda akakomba. Asi zvisinei neizvi, kana paine chimwe chinhu chavanacho, iko kushongedza kukosha, ndosaka vachidikanwa kwazvo semiti yemukati, bonsai uye, zvakare, pazvivakwa. Kune mamwe anotogadzira michero inodyiwa iyo hwema hwayo hunonaka: iyo ficus carica, kana sekuziva kwedu kuSpain muonde.

Kune dzimwe mhando mazana mapfumbamwe dzakasiyana dzeFicus dzinogara zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa dzenyika, kazhinji mumasango nemasango anonaya. Asi pane zvisizvo. Tiri kuzodzidza zvakawanda nezve iyi genre iyo inogona kutipa mufaro wakawanda, kana tichiziva kuzvichengeta zvakanaka.

Kwakatangira uye hunhu hwaFicus

Ficus inogona kunge iri miti, shrub kana vanokwira zvichienderana nemhando, vanozivikanwa nekuve nehuremu mukati. Iri latex chinhu chena chinovabatsira kuporesa maronda, asi chinokonzera kutsamwa uye kutsvuka kweganda muvanhu.

Kureba kwayo nemashizha zvinosiyana. Semuenzaniso, iyo ficus elastica Ndiwo unogara uri girini miti 20 metres pakureba ine yakapusa, yakazara mashizha ane saizi ingangoita makumi maviri masendimita kureba ne 20-10 masentimita yakafara, kune rimwe divi ficus carica iwo muti mudiki unodonhedza 5-7 metres kumusoro nemashizha akavezwa.

Asi kana paine chimwe chinhu chavakafanana, ndiko kusabereka kwavo, kana sekuvadaidza kwatinoita: maonde. Botanists vanovadaidza kuti syconos, uye Iwo michero yenhema mukati ayo ari maruva, ayo akaitiswa munguwa nemaonde manyosi izvo zvinosvika kwavari vachipinda nepaburi diki kumucheto. Dzinogona kuve hombe kana diki, dzinodyiwa kana kwete, asi ese ane akafanana akafanana bulbous chimiro.

Mhando dzeFicus

Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa Ficus marudzi ndeaya:

Ficus benghalensis

Iyo inozivikanwa se banyan kana strangler fig, uye inowanikwa muBangladesh, India, uye Sri Lanka. Inotanga se epiphyte, asi inoguma yoita trunk kubva kune iyo midzi inomera iyo inoshumira kupa tsigiro iri nani. Kureba kunosiyana, asi kazhinji kacho kungangoita gumi metres. Kuwedzeredzwa kwayo, kune rumwe rutivi, kunogona kuve kunonakidza: zvienzaniso zvakawanikwa zvinogara munzvimbo yemamirioni zviuru gumi nezviviri.

Inodzivisa kusvika pamadhigirii gumi; ndiko kuti, inogona kurarama chete mumamiriro ekunze pasina chando. Muchokwadi, chakanakira ndechekuti haina kudonha pazasi pe0ºC.

Ficus Benjamin

Inozivikanwa se indian laurel kana ficus benjamina, muti unogara uri wegirini unokura muSoutheast Asia neAustralia. Zvisinei nezita rake rekupedzisira, chirimwa icho chinogona kusvika nyore nyore gumi nemashanu pakureba. Hunde yacho inogona kuva gobvu, asi isingasviki seyedzimwe mhuka (hazviwanzo kuti inopfuura mita imwe muhupamhi).

Inotsigira mazaya echando kusvika pa -2ºC, chero zvikaitika.

ficus carica

Ndiyo muonde, yakasarudzika miti-sapling yemuno kuSouthwest Asia iyo yakave yakasarudzika munzvimbo yeMediterranean. Inosvika pakakwirira pakakwirira yemamita gumi nemashanu, ine girazi rakavhurika kwazvo kana ichibvumidzwa kukura yega. Mashizha acho anoumbwa nemashizha matatu kana manomwe egirini, uye anodonha mumatsutso-chando. Munguva yezhizha inobereka michero, maonde, ayo anodyiwa.

Icho chirimwa chinobata kumusoro kusvika -7ºC.

Ficus elastica (syn. yakasimba ficus)

Inonyatso kuzivikanwa nezita rekuti chingamu uye zvemuti werabha, uri muti unogara uri wegirini wakazvarwa kuIndia neIndonesia izvo inosvika pakati pemamita makumi maviri nemakumi matatu pakureba. Hunde yawo inowedzera kusvika pamamita maviri pakudarika, uye matavi awo anotunga mashizha akareba kusvika pamasentimita makumi matatu pakureba uye kusvika pamasentimita gumi paupamhi.

Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya senzvimbo yemukati, kunyangwe ichida mwenje wakawanda kuti igare zvakanaka. Inoramba kusvika -1ºC.

ficus lyrata

Inozivikanwa se muonde muonde wezhizha, uye unogara uri muti wegirini wakazvarwa kuWest Africa uyo inosvika gumi nemaviri pakureba. Mashizha acho akasvibira, anosvika masendimita makumi mana nemashanu pakureba nemasendimita makumi matatu paupamhi kana akura.

Haafarire chando. Zvakanakisa kuva nazvo sechirimwa chemukati kana mu greenhouse kana tembiricha ichidonha pazasi pe5ºC.

Ficus macrophylla

El Ficus macrophylla Ndiwo unogara uri girini muti unozivikanwa seMoreton Bay fig, uyo unotanga hupenyu seepiphyte asi unopedzisira wave semuti. Inowanikwa kuAustralia, kunyanya kumabvazuva kwegungwa, uye inogona kusvika 60 metres pakureba. Mashizha awo akareba, gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu masendimita uye yakasvibirira.

Inoramba kusvika -4ºC.

Ficus microcarp (syn. Ficus nitida, Ficus ginseng y Ficus retusa)

El Ficus microcarp muti unogara uri wakasvibira unozivikanwa seIndia laurel, uye unowanikwa kuAsia, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 15 metres, kunyangwe ichigona kusvika makumi maviri emamita kana mamiriro akakodzera aripo. Kufanana neFicus yese, inoburitsa midzi yemuchadenga iyo painobata pasi gobvu, ichijoinha hunde nekufamba kwenguva. Mashizha acho akasvibira, uye ane masendimita ari pakati pe4 ne13.

Kufanana ne F. macrophylla, inomira mazaya echando kusvika -4ºC.

Ficus pumila (syn. Ficus anodzokorora)

El ficus pumilla inogara iri yegreen kukwira mhando dzinowanikwa kumabvazuva kweAsia. Kana uine rutsigiro, inogona kusvika kumamita mana kureba, asi kana zvisina kudaro, ichakura semuti wakanaka unokambaira. Mashizha akareruka, girini, uye akareba masendimita gumi nemana.

Inomira inotonhorera uye chando pasi kusvika -3ºC.

Chitendero ficus

El Chitendero ficus Ndiwo muti wakasarudzika unomera musango muNepal, India, China, Indochina, neVietnam. Inosvika mamita manomwe pakureba, uye hunde yacho inoyera mamita matatu kana mune dzimwe nguva kupamhama. Mashizha awo akasvibira, anosvika pamasendimita gumi nemana pakureba nemasendimita gumi nemaviri paupamhi.

Nekuda kwemavambo ayo, haigone kutakura kutonhora, saka inofanira kungorimwa munzvimbo dzinopisa.

Nzira yekutarisira sei ficus?

Kana iwe uchida kuve neFicus kumba kana mubindu, tinokurudzira kuti uzvichengete zvinotevera:

• Nzvimbo:
  • Kunze: inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo ine zuva kana inopenya, kuti igone kukura zvakanaka. Kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchitaurira.
  • Mukati: isai mukamuri umo mune mwenje wakawanda, uye kwainogona kunge iri kure nemadhizaini. Saizvozvowo, hunyoro hunofanira kunge hwakareba, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuisa midziyo nemvura kana zvirimwa - nehari dzayo dzakasiyana - kwakakomberedza.
• Kudiridza: Ficus inodiridzwa kangani? Zvinoenderana. Muzhizha zvinogona kuve zvichidiridzwa katatu kana kunyangwe kana pavhiki, panguva yechando ichadiridzwa ka3 kana ka4 mazuva ese manomwe.
• Vanyoreri: inokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti uiise fetereza, kunyanya kana iri muhari, ine mafetiraiza ane hupfumi hwakadai seguano kana mulch. Zviite kubva muchirimo kusvika muzhizha.
• Kuisazve: Chitubu inguva yakanaka yekudyara mubindu, kana muhari hombe kana zvichidikanwa. Nenzira, kuisirwa kumupi muhombe kunofanirwa kuitwa makore ese maviri kana matatu.
• Kuchekerera: hatikurudzire kuuchekerera, sezvo runako rweFicus iri saizi yayo, kunaka kwayo. Zvino, dzimwe nguva hapana imwe sarudzo, kungave nekuti iwe unoda kudzora kukura kwayo uye kuichengeta iri diki. Saka kana uchifanira kuuchekerera, unogona kuzviita mukutanga kwekudonha kana kwematsutso.

Ficus ingararama makore mangani?

Zvakawanda, asi zvinoenderana nekutarisirwa kwaunowana uye nekwaunochengeta. Semuenzaniso, mienzaniso ye Ficus benghalensis makore anopfuura mazana maviri, asi a Ficus Benjamin akakurira muhari mumba hazviwanzo kuti igare anopfuura makore gumi. Ini pachangu ndaive nemuondeF.carica) mubindu iro riine makore makumi mashanu hunde huru yakafa uye zvino vana vasara.

Kuti uwane zvese zvinofanirwa kurarama kuti urarame, chakanakira kuve nacho kunze, chakasimwa muvhu, uye kudzivirira kutemha zvakanyanya.

Ndeapi midzi yeficus yakafanana?

Midzi yezvirimwa izvi iwo akakura, anokwezva uye zvakare gobvu. Vanogona kuwedzera mamirimita akati wandei (gumi zvirinani), uye zviri nyore kwavari kutyora mapaipi uye pasi pevhu.

Ipo paine zvirimwa zvidiki, senge Ficus Benjamin "Kinky" izvo hazvipfuure 2 metres pakureba, kana iwe uchida kuisa imwe yemiti iyi mubindu rako zvirinani kuti iwe uiise kure neinogona kuparadza dai yaive padyo.

Tinovimba iwe waifarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Ficus.