Xylosandrus compactus, muti unonetesa miti

Kana zvirimwa zvedu zvainge zvisina kukwana nezvipukanana zvemuno enharaunda imwe neimwe, uye nezvinokonzeresa zvakaita seyevil tsvuku kana archon yePaysandisia, ikozvino vanofanirwa kubata imwe: iyo Xylosandrus compactus. Iri zita resainzi pamwe hariridze bhero, asi ndiro rakapihwa nyonganiso ine njodzi kune angangoita mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu, kusanganisira miti nemakwenzi.

Tichifunga nezvekuti zvine njodzi sei, tiri kuzokuudza nezvechibhebhu ichi kuitira kuti ugone kuchiziva, uye utore matanho ekudzivirira izvo zvinodikanwa kuitira kuti zvidzivise kukonzera matambudziko akawandisa kuzvirimwa zvako.

Chii chiri mavambo uye hunhu hweiyo Xylosandrus compactus?

Icho chipembenene inowanikwa ku tropical Africa, Madagascar, uye maodzanyemba-kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia. Parizvino, inowanikwawo muUnited States, uko yakaunzwa muna 1941, muBrazil, Cuba neHawaii, pamwe neMallorca (Spain) kwayakasvika munaNovember 2019, kunyangwe yaitozivikanwa muFrench Bank. Kubva angangoita 2012. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa seyakafa yekofi nhema, nhema kofi kabazi borer, tii stem borer, kana dema twig borer.

Nezvehunhu hwayo, isu tinotaura nezve diki diki rakasvibira kana tema tupukanana Mukadzi mukuru anongori 2mm kureba, uye anenge 1mm yakafara. Musoro wakaita convex muchimiro, uye une kanyanga akaumbwa nezvikamu zvinoverengeka. Chirevo chayo, ndiko kuti, chikamu chekutanga chechipfuva, chine muganho wepamberi nematanhatu kana masere striae. Mukuwedzera, ine mapapiro anonzi elytra.

Kune rimwe divi, murume mukuru mudiki, chirevo chake hachina kusungwa uye hachina mapapiro.

Mazai acho anenge akareba 0,5mm, uye ane ovoid, chena muvara. Makonye aya anobuda kubva kwavari, machena machena ane musoro wakasviba uye asina makumbo. Iyo mapupa ane kirimu mavara, uye vane makumbo avanoshandisa kufamba.

Ndeupi mutoo wayo wekubereka?

Kuziva kutenderera kwehupenyu hwerudzi rwezvipembenene seizvi, zvinokanganisa uye nekwanisi yekuisa zvirimwa zvakawanda panjodzi, zvinosvika pakuve zvakakosha kwazvo, nekuti kubudirira kana kukundikana kwemushonga kunoenderana zvikuru nazvo:

• Mazai: dzinoiswa pamatavi akambopwanywa.
• Larvae: kana dzatsemuka kubva muzai, dzinotanga kufura.
• Pupae: Hono idzi dzinogadzirwa nemazai asina kuvezwa uye mashoma, asi dzinozopedzisira dzasangana nehanzvadzi dzadzo. Ivo havazombofa vakabuda mumatanho iwayo.
• Vakuru: hono hadzi yechikuru yakasiya mugero ndokubhururuka ichienda kune mumwe muti wakakokerwa…, asi haiende yega: iyi mhando yezvipembenene yakaumba hukama hwehukama nedzimwe fungi, dzakadai seFusarium. Izvi zvipuka zvinokanganisa iyo xylem yemuti unogashira, uye unozopedzwa nemapete nemakonye. Asi vanosvika sei ikoko? Mune spore fomu inotakurwa neechikadzi bete.

Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hweichi chipembenene ingangoita mazuva makumi matatu paavhareji. Mukadzi anogona kusvika mazuva makumi mana, uye murume anotenderera mazuva 30-40.

Chii chinodyara chinoita Xylosandrus compactus?

Zvinozivikanwa izvozvo inokanganisa dzinosvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu emarudzi emiti, yakaparadzirwa mumhuri makumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Semuenzaniso, inokanganisa zvakakomba kune iyo kofi arabica (coffeeCamellia (té), Persea americana (aguacate) uye Theobroma cocoo (cacao), asi zvakare inobata erythrina, Melia azedarach, Acer palmatum, khaya grandifolia y Khaya senegalensis, pakati pevamwe vazhinji.

Ongororo yakaratidza kuti izvo zvirimwa izvo zvisina kuburitsa muto wakawanda, zvisinei nekushushikana kwazvaiitwa, zvaive nenjodzi yakaderera yekuve tenzi webete rinoboora miti.

Inokanganisa chii?

El Xylosandrus compactus Icho chipembenene chinochera matumba, kunyanya mumatavi emiti madiki, uko inogara fungi iyo ine hukama hwehukama uye iyo yainorima kuitira kuti ishandire sechikafu cheayo neayo maruva.

Mbeu yakakanganiswa ichave iine zviratidzo izvi:

• Kufa nekudonha kwematavi
• Brown mashizha
• Kubvisa pamuviri
• Kukura kusungwa

Iko kutonga kuri kweiyo Xylosandrus compactus?

Kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvikaonekwa, chiyero chinotorwa kurapa chirimwa chakakanganisika ne endotherapy (ndiko kuti, jekiseni chigadzirwa chephytosanitary uye / kana chinhu chinovaka muviri chaicho mumatumbu etsinga), asi kana uine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirimwa zvakazara mune greenhouse semuenzaniso kana munzvimbo yakavharwa, uye ivo vakaipa zvakanyanya, isu tinoramba tichiapisa.

Maererano nekuongorora, fungus Beauveria bassiana inogona kunge iri yakanaka isiri-chepfu remushonga kurwisa chirwere ichi. Asi chero zvakadaro, Chinhu chekutanga iwe chaunofanirwa kuita kana uchifungidzira kuti une muti une dambudziko iri kuzivisa iyo Plant Health yemunharaunda yako.

Wakasvika riini kuSpain?

Bete rinobaya bazi rakasvika kuSpain munaNovember 2019. Yakaonekwa mu muti wekobati (Ceratonia silica) uyo anogara mubindu rakavanzika remuvakidzani muCalvià (Mallorca). Nyanzvi kubva kuBalearic Islands Plant Health Laboratory (LOSVIB) neYunivhesiti yeBalearic Islands (UIB) vakashuma izvi kuGeneral Sub-Directorate yePlant uye Forest Forest uye Hutsanana hwebazi rezvekurima, Fisheries uye Chikafu.

Nyanzvi dzeLOSVIB dzinoisa mushonga wekupedzisira pakurapa pamuti wecobob, uye vanoteedzera kwese mwedzi mitanhatu.

Tinovimba yakave yakakunakira iwe.