Yintoni i-edaphology?

Ukuphila kwezityalo kunxibelelene nomhlaba ezikhula kuwo; hayi ilize, iingcambu zayo zenza indlela yazo phakathi kwamachibi enza umhlaba kunye namatye akuwo. Yonke imihla bathatha izondlo ezikhoyo ukuze bakwazi ukuphila nokukhula.

Esi sisihloko ebesinomdla kuluntu kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, njengoko sikhawuleze saqonda ukuba Kuxhomekeka kubume bomhlaba, zinokukhula esinye okanye ezinye izityalo. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho ngo-1883 xa abantu baqala ukuthetha nge-edaphology, okanye njengoko kwaziwa njalo: isayensi yomhlaba.

Iyintoni inkcazo ye-edaphology?

I-Edaphology yinzululwazi ethi Ufunda umhlaba kunye nobudlelwane bawo nezityalo kunye nommandla owangqongileyo. Ngaphakathi kweli candelo, i-physics, i-biology kunye ne-chemistry nayo iyavela.

Ke, ukuba sifuna ukwazi ukwakhiwa komhlaba, iipropathi zawo, utshintsha njani ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye zinxulumene njani izityalo ezikhulayo kuwo, into esiya kuyenza ngokwenene kukufunda okanye ukwenza amalinge enzululwazi yomhlaba.

Yintoni i-edaphology yezolimo?

I-edaphology yezolimo kunye ne-edaphology, masiyibize, ziqheleke, ziyafana. Ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye nezityalo ezihlala kuwo kubalulekile ukuba ube nesivuno esinomdla, kuba ngaphandle kolwazi, ungabeka umngcipheko wokuthenga imithi yeziqhamo engakwaziyo ukukhula egadini yakho.

Kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqaphele ngemigaqo edaphology kunye ne-pedology. Eyokugqibela igxile kuphando ngemvelaphi kunye nokwakheka komhlaba, ngelixa eyangaphambili inxulumene kakhulu ne-agronomy, kuba enye yeenjongo zayo kukwazi kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa komhlaba.

Yintoni imephu yomhlaba?

Imephu yomhlaba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu xa ufuna ukwazi izinto zobume bendawo. Ibonisa amatye ahlukeneyo okanye ulwakhiwo, kunye nobudala obumelwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo ebachongiweyo.

Ukwenza oku, kuqhutywa izifundo kwindawo leyo, kunye neefoto zasemoyeni. Olu luncedo lokugqibela lokuba nembono epheleleyo ngakumbi ngomhlaba, ekuthi kuwo kwenziwe iimephu ezingaphezulu nangakumbi.

I-edaphology inxulumene njani nejografi?

Nangona kubonakala ngathi kwinto enye ekuthethwa ngayo, eneneni ayithethi. I-Edaphology yisayensi efunda umhlaba, ngelixa iJografi (iFizikiki) yisayensi ejongene nokufunda umphezulu woMhlaba uphela, kunye nemozulu, umhlaba, izilwanyana kunye neentyatyambo eziguqula ngayo.

Ke ngoko, nangona zinxulumene, zizifundo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zesayensi. Ngamnye kubo unokusinika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nomhlaba, kunye nokuba uguquka njani njengoko ixesha lihamba.

Imbali ye-edaphology

Ukugqiba, siza kukuxelela kancinci malunga nembali ye-edaphology. Le yinzululwazi eyaqala kanjalo kwiKholeji yeJografi yaseRussia. Kuyo, uMikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765), othathwa njengoyise wesayensi yaseRussia, wanikezela ubomi bakhe ekufundiseni nasekubhaleni ngomhlaba njengento ehlala iguquka. Nangona kunjalo, umseki we-edaphology wayengumjografi waseRussia uVasily Dokuchaev (1846-1903), kuba inguye owaseka iziseko zeJografi yomhlaba eqondwa njengenzululwazi.

1883 wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala malunga nesihloko: ingxelo yophando awayeya kuyenza ekuhleni, behlalutya kwaye besebenzisa ulwazi lwabo kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo eyafunyanwa. Ucacise nganye yezi ntlobo, wazicacisa kwaye wenza neendlela zokuzoba ezinokunceda ukufunda okungakumbi ngomhlaba, iimpawu zawo kunye nendlela ulwalamano abanalo nezilwanyana kunye neentyatyambo olunefuthe kubo.

USibirtev wayeyindoda ehlela imihlaba ibe ngamaqela amathathu amakhuluI-zonal, intrazonal kunye ne-azonal:

• Indawo: zezo zihlala kwiindawo ezinkulu. Ziyimeko ephezulu yemozulu kunye neentyatyambo. Imizekelo: intlango, umoya, ihlathi, i-lateritic, kunye nomhlaba we-tundra.
• Intrazonal: le mihlaba apho imeko yemozulu ingekho kwisigqibo njengezinye izinto, ezinje ngebhedi, isenzo somntu, umhlaba ngokwawo, njl. Imizekelo: i-saline, i-swampy, i-humic kunye ne-carbonate.
• Ummiselo: le mihlaba ikhule ngokupheleleyo. Imizekelo: i-alluvial, skeletal, kunye ne-coarse.

Ezinye iintsika ezimbini zesayensi yomhlaba zazinjalo UMarbut (1863-1935) kunye neKellog (1902-1980). Owokuqala wayengumbhali wejografi waseMelika owasasaza ulwazi olwalufanele lube kumhla kwinzululwazi yomhlaba kwilizwe lakhe, ukongeza Yenza isindululo sokuhlelwa komhlaba ube ngamacandelo amathandathu abizwa ngokuba yiodolo, izinto ezingaphantsi, amaqela, iintsapho, uthotho kunye nohlobo. Okwesibini kuqhubekile ngokuphuhliswa koluhlu oluchaziweyo, ngokusekwe kwimigaqo esekwe nguDokuchaev ngomhla wakhe.

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