Utamatisi sesinye seziqhamo (nangona uninzi sisayijonga njengemifuno) esiyitya yonke imihla. Njengesaladi, njengesitya esecaleni, sisodwa okanye njengesithako kwizitya zethu, iye yaba yinxalenye yokutya kweMeditera (kunye nabanye). Kodwa wazi ntoni ngembali yetumato?
Ukuba unomdla wokwazi ukuba oku kutya kuvela phi, kwakusuka phi kwaye ukuba itshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha, siza kukubuza Uhambo ngembali yetumato. Ukuze ekugqibeleni, ekugqibeleni uyixabise.
Imbali yetumato: ivela phi?
Utamatisi, osapho lwe-aubergines, iitapile kunye nepelepele, zivela kwi-Andes esezantsi. Ngokwenene sinetyala kuma-Aztec aseMexico, awalima kwimihlaba yawo kwaye, xa uChristopher Columbus afumanisa iMelika, abantu abaninzi baseYurophu baziqonda iziqhamo abazikhulisayo.
Kuma-Aztec, igama letumato yayingu «tomatl», kulwimi lwabo oko kwakuthetha "iziqhamo ezidumbileyo", uphawu lweetumato, kuba ziphuma zincinci kuqala zaze zangqindilili, kwaye zitshintsha ukusuka kwitoni eluhlaza (ukuba azivuthwanga) zibe bomvu ngakumbi kwaye zimnandi.
Ngesi sizathu, kuboyisi baseSpain, kwaye kuba igama lantlandlolo lalinzima ngakumbi ukubiza, bagqiba kwelokuba balibize ngokuba yi "tomato".
Imbali yetumato ngaphambi kokufunyanwa eYurophu
Ngokokufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala eMelika, kunokwaziwa ukuba iitumato sele zilinyiwe zaze zatyiwa ziinkcubeko zookhokho. Ngapha koko, kusekho iintlobo ezili-13 zasendle zezityalo zetumato ezingaziwa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
En EMexico kukho ubungqina bokuba itumato yayikho nge-700 BC, Ngokuqinisekileyo ngenxa yokuba ePeru naseMexico bazinikezele ekufundiseni esi sityalo sasendle.
Ukongeza, umlingo wabangelwa kuye. Njengoko besitshilo, ukuba imbewu yenziwa ukuba ingenakugungqiswa komnye umntu, kungenxa yokuba babeza kufumana amandla ovumiso.
Utamatisi ufika nini eSpain?
Ukuba uyayikhumbula imbali, uColumbus wafumanisa iMelika ngo-1492, kule nkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba itumato, kunye nokunye ukutya okufana neetapile, ibhatata, umbona okanye itshili, azange zifike eSpain kude kube ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Kutheni ixesha elide kangaka? Ewe, kuba yayingenguye uColumbus oyifumene. Kubangelwa ngabantu ababini. KuBernal Díaz de Castillo, abathi babanjwa ngamaIndiya eGuatemala ngo-1538, baqaphela ukuba bafuna ukuyitya ngecasserole enetyuwa, ipepile kunye netumato. Kwaye wayibalisa ngesiko lama-Aztec lokutya iingalo nemilenze yabo boyisiweyo ngeetumato, amatswele, ipepile kunye netyuwa.
Kwelinye icala, kuthiwa UHernán Cortés wazifumana ezi zitiya kwiigadi zaseMctezuma ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibase kwilizwekazi elidala. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1521, emva kokoyisa isixeko saseTenochtítlan nokuba yirhuluneli.
Into eyaziwayo phantse ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba kufanele ukuba wafika eSeville, elinye lamaziko orhwebo lwamazwe aphesheya, ngo-1540. Ngo-1544, uMattioli, ingcali yemithi yase-Italiya, wayazisa e-Itali. Okokuqala, kwaziwa njenge "I-aurea engalunganga", kodwa kamva balitshintsha igama laba ngu "IPomodoro".
Ngokucacileyo, yatsibela nakwamanye amazwe emva kweSpeyin, njengeFrance. Ngapha koko, babeyithatha njengesiqhamo se-aphrodisiac, yiyo loo nto baqala ukuyibiza "Pomme d'amour". Oku kwaxhaswa luphando olwathi, ngo-1544, lwaphinda lwenza omnye umlingisi ongumDatshi, u-Dodoens, owathi walunika olo mgangatho.
Into eyaziwa ngabantu abambalwa kukuba iitumato zokuqala ezafika eSpain nase-Italiya zazingabomvu. Kodwa tyheli. Ngapha koko, igama abalinike lona e-Italiya babhekisa kulo mbala, kuba ipomodoro iza kuthetha "Umthi wegolide".
Ubusazi ukuba isityalo setumato sasithathwa njengesiyityhefu?
Xa itumato, izityalo zayo kunye nembewu zafika eSpain, i-botany yayingathathelwa ngqalelo njengolwenzululwazi, kwaye ukufundwa kwezi kwaqhutywa ngoogqirha kunye nabapheki, kunye neecawa, kwaye ngokucacileyo Benza impazamo kuhlalutyo lwabo ngokujonga ukuba ubukho be-tomatine bunetyhefu. Kungenxa yokuba yayithathwa njenge alkaloid, ekhoyo kumagqabi nakwiziqhamo ezingakhuli, ezazinokufana okuninzi nebelladonna, yiyo loo nto uninzi lucebisa ukuba zingathathwa kwaye, ukuba isityalo besinaso, kufanele ukuba ibe sisihombiso kuphela.
Oku, kunye ne inkolelo yezentlalo yokuba imifuno yayingenampilo, Zenziwe zombini iitumato kunye neetapile ziphathwe ngononophelo olukhulu.
Kodwa oko akuzange kumise abantu abaninzi bezama iitamatato kunye nokuzibandakanya kwiindlela zabo zokupheka.
Isiqhamo okanye imifuno? Impikiswano kwimbali yetumato
Utamatisi uthathwa njengesiqhamo kwabanye. Kodwa kwabanye yimifuno. Sisihloko esidale ingxoxo enkulu, kwaye inyani kukuba impendulo isenokungakuthandi. Kodwa olu luhlu lwavela eMelika.
En Ngo-1887 kwapasiswa umthetho. Kuyo, kwakufuneka irhafu kuyo yonke imifuno engeniswa elizweni, kodwa iziqhamo zazinganyanzelekanga ukuba zihlawulwe. Ke iinkampani ezazingenisa iitumato zabanga ukuba i-tomato sisiqhamo.
Ewe, urhulumente waziphikisa, wathi, xa isetyenziswa kwiisaladi okanye njengesithako sezitya, hayi njenge dessert, yayiyimifuno, oko kukuthi, imifuno, kwaye ngenxa yoko kwafuneka bahlawule irhafu.
Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngenene? Siyihlalutya:
- Utamatisi njengeziqhamo. Ngokwe bhotani, itumato sisiqhamo kuba sine mbewu kunye nesityalo esidubula iintyatyambo (isityalo setumato).
- Itumato njengemifuno. Ngokokuhlelwa okuphekwayo, iitumato yimifuno kuba inobunzima, incasa ethambileyo kwaye isisithako sokulungiselela izitya ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeesuphu, istiri, iifriji, njl. Endaweni yoko, iziqhamo zigudile ekubunjweni kunye nencasa emnandi okanye emuncu, kodwa isetyenziselwa iipopsicles okanye iijam kuphela.
Yeyiphi echanekileyo? Ewe, zombini. Itumato inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengesiqhamo (yibhotani) okanye imifuno (ngokuhlelwa okuphekwayo). Ngapha koko, kukho imifuno eninzi ethathelwa ingqalelo njengeziqhamo kwinqanaba lezityalo, ezinje ngeminquma, umbona, isitshalo seqanda, iavokhado, ikhukhamba, ii-ertyisi ...
Njengoko ubona, imbali yetumato inde kakhulu. Ubumazi? Uyilinganisela njani itumato, njengesiqhamo okanye njengemifuno?