Ukuba kukho Uhlobo lwecactus olumelana nembalela, ikwanazo neentyatyambo ezinemibala eqaqambe kakhulu neziqhamo zayo zimnandi, leyo yenye ye I-Opuntia. Ezi zityalo ze-cacti zezona kuphela zosapho ezaneleyo ukuba uzihlikihle ukuze uqaphele ukuba ameva ambalwa angaphantsi kwe-1cm ubude anamathele kuwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwale ngxaki incinci, Ziyi-cacti zokuhombisa ezingadingi kukhathalelwa. Kuko konke oku, zii-cacti ezingasweleki kwingqokelela okanye kwizitiya ezikwiindawo apho kunqabileyo khona imvula.
Kule nto ekhethekileyo ndiza kukubonisa Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zeOpuntia, kwaye kude kube sekupheleni ndiza kukunika ezimbalwa iingcebiso zokuyikhulisa ezimbizeni nasegadini. Sukuphoswa yiyo.
Iintlobo eziphambili
I-Opuntia ficus indica
La O. ficus indica, u opuntia maxima ekwabizwa ngokuba yi palera, nopal, peick pricly, higochumbo, peck prickly kunye namanye amagama Inzalelwa eMexico ikakhulu, kodwa iyafumaneka eMelika iphela (eMantla nase Mzantsi). Namhlanje ikwazile ukwenziwa ngokwendalo kwiMeditera, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba sisibetho. Inobume oburhabaxa, obukhulayo ukuya kuthi ga ngaphezulu kwe-3m ukuphakama, enamacandelo - "amagqabi" ezi cacti - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15cm ubude nge-5-6cm ububanzi, luhlaza. Zineendidi ezimbini zemiphetho: ezinye zide ziphuma kumbindi we-areola nganye, kwaye ezinye zimfutshane kwaye zibhityile. Iintyatyambo zinokuba tyheli, zibomvu okanye orenji, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5cm ubukhulu. Iziqhamo zibizwa ngokuba ziipereyiki ezixabisekileyo, yiyo loo nto isaziwa ngegama lepereyiki okanye ipalera.
I-Opuntia littoralis
La O. littoalis Inzalelwa eMexico naseCalifornia. Iyakhula ukuya kuthi ga kubude be-1m, enamacandelo ukuya kwi-30cm ubude nge-10cm ububanzi. Ukufikelela kwimiqolo eli-11 kuvela kwii-areolas, apho ezona zide kakhulu zinokulinganisa i-1cm. Iintyatyambo zayo zityheli ngombala obomvu, kwaye zinokulinganisa i-7,5cm ubukhulu.
Ii-microdasys ze-Opuntia
La O. iiMicrodasys Yinzalo yecactus ekumbindi weMexico. Ikhula njenge shrub ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1m ukuphakama, i-branched ephezulu. Amacandelo amalunga ne-10cm ubude nge-5-6cm ububanzi. Ii-areola zisondele kakhulu omnye komnye, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo; nganye nganye kuvela ameva amancinci kwaye acocekileyo. Iintyatyambo zii-4cm ubukhulu, kwaye zimthubi ngombala.
opuntia monacantha
La O. monacantha Lelinye lawona aphezulu ohlobo, Ukufikelela kwi-6m ubude. Inemvelaphi yo Mzantsi Melika, ngakumbi isuka eBrazil, eArgentina, eParaguay nase Uruguay. Amacandelo amalunga ne-20-25cm ubude malunga ne-10cm ububanzi. Inye okanye amabini amade amhlophe amhlophe avela kwi-areola nganye. Iintyatyambo zilubhelu okanye bomvu, kwaye zinokulinganisa i-8cm ubukhulu.
opuntia ovata
La o.ovata Inemvelaphi yaseMexico. Inokufikelela kubude be-1m okanye i-1,5m, Ngeekhoni eziluhlaza. Inemiqolo emide, 2cm ubude, kunye nezinye iintsiba ezincinci nezicolekileyo ezivela kwii areolas. Intyatyambo intle kakhulu, tyheli okanye orenji.
I-Opuntia tomentosa
La Tom. tomentosa Inemvelaphi yaseMexico. Ibe Ukukhula kwe-shrub ukuya kwi-2m, nangona kwindawo yokuhlala inokufikelela kubude obuyi-8m. Amacandelo afikelela kwi-30cm ubude malunga ne-10cm ububanzi, aluhlaza ocacileyo kwaye agqunywe luthamba olucekeceke "lweenwele" ezimhlophe ezigxotha ukukhanya kwelanga, ngalo ndlela kuthintela isityalo ekuphulukaneni nesixa esigqithisileyo samanzi. Iintsiba zayo, eziphuma kwii-areolas, zimfutshane kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1cm ubude. Iintyatyambo zibomvu, orenji okanye tyheli, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5cm ubukhulu.
Unonophelo lweOpuntia
Ezi zityalo lolunye lolona khetho lufanelekileyo xa ujonga izityalo ezinakho ukumelana nembalela. Nangona ngenxa yobungakanani abanokufikelela kubo, kucetyiswa ngakumbi ukuba babenabo egadini, siza kubona ukuba banyanyekelwa njani embizeni.
Egadini
Ukuze ube ne-Opuntias esempilweni, kufuneka ukuba babe nendawo eyaneleyo yokuba bakhule, kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke, kufuneka bayinike ukukhanya okukhulu, ngokugqibeleleyo imini yonke. Banombulelo ongazenzisiyo, kangangokuba banokutyalwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba, nkqu nezikhathalayo, ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni kunyaka wokuqala bayankcenkceshelwa kanye ngeveki ukuze iingcambu zabo zikwazi ukumelana nemozulu.
Kubongwe
Ukuba ufuna ukuba nayo embizeni, ndincoma ukuba usebenzise i-substrate ene-drainage elungileyo, efana ne-peat kunye ne-perlite exutywe kwiindawo ezilinganayo ngokomzekelo. Kubalulekile ukuba yinike ilanga ngqo, kwaye inkcenkceshelwa amaxesha ama-2 ngeveki ehlotyeni kunye neentsuku ezili-10 kulo lonke unyaka.
Esinye isihloko esingasilibaliyo kukufakelwa komzimba, nto leyo kufuneka yenziwe rhoqo entwasahlobo. Awazi ukuba ungayenza njani? Sukuba nexhala, siyakufundisa:
- Into yokuqala enokuyenza kukuba nxiba iiglavu (kungcono ukuba zirabha).
- Okulandelayo, kwaye ngononophelo olukhulu, beka icactus elele phantsi kwindawo ethe tyaba.
- Ngoku, yibambe ngesiseko sebhotile, kwaye cofa amacala omabini ukuze icactus iphume.
- Xa isiqingatha sebhola yengcambu siphumile, ungayisusa imbiza.
- Emva koko kufuneka gcwalisa imbiza yakho entsha -Ifanele ukuba ibe malunga ne-5cm ububanzi- kunye ne-substrate eneentunja.
- Thatha i-cactus ngononophelo ngebhola yengcambu, kwaye yibeke embizeni yayo entsha.
- Okokugqibela, kuya kufuneka ugqibe ukuyizalisa, kwaye amanzi.
- Ilungile! Beka i-cactus yakho kwindawo eqaqambe kakhulu, kwaye uqhubeke uyinkcenkceshela rhoqo kwiintsuku ezili-10 de kufike ihlobo.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo
Nangona sisityalo esinganyangekiyo, esikwaziyo ukuhlala phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha impazamo kulimo inokubangela ukuba ichaphazeleke. mealybugs, ngakumbi ezo ziyikotoni, ezinokunyangwa ngeoyile yeparafini, okanye zisuswe ngoswazi olusuka ezindlebeni ezifakwe isepha namanzi.
Kwelinye icala, isikhunta Phytophthora Banokukwenzakalisa kakhulu xa unkcenkceshelwe ngamanzi, babangele ukuba isiqu sithambe kwaye sibole, kwaye senze ukuba isityalo sibonakale ngathi siwomile. Ngesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukunkcenkceshela okugqithileyo, kuba ngelishwa ukungunda kunzima kakhulu kwiintsholongwane. Ngapha koko, kwaye xa sithetha nge-cacti, into eyenziwayo kukusika ukucoceka kwaye uyityale njengokusika embizeni kunye ne-substrate enesibindi (njengentlabathi yomlambo) de iqale ukukhula.
Kwaye xa sithetha ngokusikwa, zivelisa njani ezi cacti?
Ukuzaliswa kweOpuntia
Zingaphinda ziveliswe ngembewu ehlotyeni okanye, njengoko sibonile, ngokusikwa. Uqhubeka njani kwimeko nganye?
Ngembewu
Iziqhamo zezi cacti zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, apho singathatha ithuba lokutya ... uxolo, ngokukhupha imbewu yabo nokuyihlwayela, ewe. Imbewu incinci, ingaphantsi kwe-2cm ubukhulu, umbala omdaka ngombala, kunye ne-oval esimilo. Xa sele ukhutshiwe, kuya kufuneka uzicoce kakuhle, ke ungazifaka kwi-colander, kwaye uyibeke phantsi kwetephu ukuze amanzi anyamekele ukubashiya becocekile.
Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ugcwalise imbiza engekho ngaphezulu kwe-20cm ubukhulu nge-substrate engena. Ukuba yi-cactus engekho-kwindlela, kuya kuba ngokwaneleyo ukudibanisai-peat emnyama ene-perlite ngokulinganayo, kwaye ubeke ubuninzi bembewu ezi-5. Emva koko iya kuba ngumcimbi wokunkcenkceshela kuphela, kwaye ubeke ibhedi yembewu kwindawo apho ichaneke ngqo elangeni.
Eyokuqala iya kuhluma kwiveki okanye ezimbini.
Ngokusika
Ezi zityalo zivelisa ngokulula kakhulu ngokusika "amagqabi" (amacandelo). Elona xesha lilungileyo loku phakathi kwentwasahlobo, xa amaqondo obushushu eqala ukunyuka. Kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ngesarha yesandla, usike icandelo oyithandayo kakhulu, ukusondela kangangoko ukuya esiqwini okanye esiqwini.
- Ke Gcwalisa imbiza enobubanzi obuyi-20-30cm (kuxhomekeke ekubeni likhulu kangakanani icandelo) ngesanti yomlambo okanye kwi-substrate efanayo.
- Emva tyala ukusika kanye embindini.
- Amanzi.
- Ekugqibeleni, beka imbiza kwindawo ekhanyayo kakhulu, kodwa ikhuselwe elangeni.
Iya kuqala ukubhula ngokukhawuleza, emva Iintsuku ezingama-10-15.
Ukusetyenziswa kweOpuntia
Ezi cacti zisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengesihombiso kunye nesityalo esidliwayo. Iziqhamo zayo iqulethe isinyithi, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, iivithamini, phakathi kwabanye. Kufuneka kwakhona kuthiwe kumazantsi eSpain amacandelo amabini e O. ficus indica kunye neentonga ezimbalwa ukwenza imoto.
Kodwa ikwanazo neempawu zonyango ezinomdla. Amacandelo akhe afudunyezwa eziko zisetyenziswa njengeemollients, njenge poultice. Kanjalo isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukugaya, ukuhambisa kunye nezilonda.
Zizizo, njengoko sibona, izityalo, nangona zisenokubonakala ngenye indlela, zinokuba luncedo kuthi. Hayi kuphela kwiigadi, apho zinokutyalwa "kwiindawo ezinengxaki", kodwa nase khitshini ngexesha lasehlotyeni, okanye xa sinenye ingxaki yezempilo.
Ucinga ntoni ngale Opuntia ikhethekileyo? Unaye umntu?