Zithini izityalo ezibizwa ngokuba zizifunxi-gazi?

URafflesia arnoldi isampuli

Kumahlathi, emahlathini nakumahlathi kukho iindidi ngeendidi zezityalo. Imithi, izihlahla, imidiliya, kunye neentyatyambo ezenza konke ezinako ukufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga abakufunayo. Uninzi lwazo alubenzakalisi oontanga babo, ngaphaya komzabalazo wendalo wokufumana izondlo kunye namanzi emhlabeni; kodwa kukho abanye abathi basebenzise iinzame zezi zityalo ukuze baphile. Ngaba iifowuni Izidudu.

Zininzi ngaphezulu kunokuba ungalindela. Ngapha koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinci kukho iintlobo ezingama-4100 kwiintsapho ezingama-19 ze-angiosperm. Kodwa, zintoni iimpawu zazo?

Zithini izityalo ezibizwa ngokuba zizifunxi-gazi?

Mistletoe emthini

Ku malunga izityalo ezifumana ezinye okanye zonke izondlo eziyifunayo ukuze zikhule kwesinye isityalo. Ziye zibonakaliswe ngokuba neengcambu eziguqulweyo, ezaziwa njenge-haustorium, ethi ingene kwisityalo esiyi-host kwaye siyidibanise ne-xylem yayo (izihlunu zesityalo esinezixhobo ezihambisa isityalo kunye nokuxhasa isityalo), i-phloem (izicubu eziqhubayo ezijongene nokuthuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo izondlo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo), okanye zombini.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-parasitism:

  • Unyanzelekile kwizifunxi-gazi: Sisityalo esidinga umphathi waso ukuze siphile.
  • Isidleleli esisebenzayo: Sisityalo esinokuphila ngaphandle komamkeli waso.
  • Isiqu sisifunxi-gazi: Sisityalo esizincamathisela kwisiqu sombuki zindwendwe.
  • Ingcambu sisidleleli: Sisityalo esizincamathisela kwingcambu yomninimzi.
  • IHoloparasite: Sisityalo esikhusela kwezinye izityalo kuba singenayo i-chlorophyll.
  • IHemiparasite: Sisityalo esithi phantsi kweemeko zendalo siziphathe njengesidleleli, kodwa sikwanefotosinthesize ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.

Ezizi? Imizekelo

Cassythe

Umzekelo kaCassytha

Zizityalo ezizizidalwa ezifana ne-Australia, kodwa zingafumaneka nase-Afrika, kumazantsi e-Asiya, kumantla oMzantsi Merika, kuMbindi Merika, naseJapan. Banesiqu esibhityileyo, sityheli okanye orenji. Ingenayo i-chlorophyll, ithatha ithuba kumbuki zindwendwe ebomini bayo.

Cuscuta

Cuscuta calonelica specimen

Zizityalo ezi-parasitic ezizalelwe kumantla mpuma Yurophu nakumazantsi o Mzantsi Melika zineziqu ezibhityileyo ezinamagqabi phantse angatyheli, mthubi, orenji okanye bomvu ngombala.

IHydnora

Intyatyambo yeHydnora

Zizityalo zeholoparasite ezineengcambu ezivela kwimimandla eyomileyo yaseAfrika, eSaudi Arabia naseMadagascar. Zikhula phantsi komhlaba, kodwa intyatyambo yenyama ivela emhlabeni okhupha ivumba lelindle ukutsala iingcolisi zalo: ooqongqothwane.

URhinanthus

Rhinanthus intyatyambo encinci

Zizityalo ze-hemiparasite ezinesiseko esineengcambu zomthonyama eYurophu nasentshona Asiya zikhula ekucutheni amadlelo, amasimi anengca kunye neendunduma.

Ngaba ukhe weva ngezityalo ezirhorhozayo? Ngaba uyabazi abanye?


Shiya uluvo lwakho

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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
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      Mike sitsho

    Inqaku elinomdla kakhulu, bendingazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane!

         UMonica Sanchez sitsho

      Siyavuya ukuba uyifumene inika umdla, Mike 🙂