I-elm emhlophe (i-Ulmus laevis)

Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Amadvr

Imithi yohlobo lwe-Ulmus ihlala inkulu kakhulu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ifuna indawo enkulu ukuze ikhule. Kwaye i ulmus laevis akunjalo; enyanisweni, kokubini ukuphakama kwayo kunye nobunzima bomboko wayo nje ukuba ifikelele ekuvuthweni kuyanyanzelisa.

Ukuba nezinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube lula ukukhathalela, ukuba unesitiya esikhulu le ntlobo iya kukubonelela ngomthunzi omnandi kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa. Mazi kakuhle 🙂.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu

Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Christian Fischer

I-protagonist yethu ngumthi onqabileyo owaziwa ngokuba yi-white elm, i-elm emhlophe yaseYurophu, i-elm engcangcazelayo okanye i-elm ethandwayo eyinzalelwane yaseYurophu (embindini, empuma nakwimpuma mpuma yelizwekazi) naseAsia Minor. Inokufikelela kwaye idlule ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama, kunye nesiqu sobubanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezimbini. Inkqubo yayo yeengcambu ayinzulu, kodwa ibanzi kakhulu, into eyimfuneko ukuze isityalo sihlale sinamathele emhlabeni.

Amagqabi alula, ayashintshana, kunye nengomso elingaphantsi (yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba I-elm emhlophe), kunye nokuthungwa okufanayo nephepha. Ezi ziluhlaza, kodwa zijika zibe tyheli ngokuwa ngaphambi kokuwa. Iintyatyambo azinamagqabi, zimalunga ne-3-4mm ubude kwaye ziyavela ngokwamaqela entwasahlobo. Isiqhamo siyi-samara enamaphiko malunga ne-15mm ubude nge-10mm ububanzi.

Ungayinyamekela njani ulmus laevis?

Ngaba uyafuna ukufumana ikopi? Sincoma ukuba unike le nkathalo elandelayo:

Ubicación

Ngumthi ekufuneka ubenjalo ngaphandle, kwilanga elipheleleyo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye neengcambu, kufuneka ityalwe emhlabeni, kumgama omncinci weemitha ezilishumi ukusuka eludongeni, kwiindonga, kwimibhobho, kwizityalo ezikhulu, njl.

Enye inkcukacha ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni kukuba ayimelani nomoya onamandla kunezinye ii-elms, ke ukuba ihlala ivuthuza ngamandla kwindawo yakho, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba utyale iheji zomoya ojikeleze umhlaba, okanye ubuncinci indawo oya kuyo ukuba yi-Ulmus.

Umhlaba

Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Crusier

• Jadini: Njengabanye bohlobo, ikhula kakuhle kumhlaba ochumileyo okanye ongaphantsi, onzulu kunye nokufuma. Ngoku, kwezo zomileyo, inokulungelelaniswa, okoko kunkcenkceshelwa amaxesha ngamaxesha.
• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: Ayisosityalo esinakho ukuba nesikhongozeli, kodwa kwiminyaka yayo yokuqala yobutsha iya kuba ngumthi omncinci wokuhombisa 🙂. Yizalise ngesixhobo esikhulayo jikelele (siyathengiswa apha).

Unkcenkceshelo

IphakathiNgexesha lasehlotyeni, ukuba kushushu kakhulu kwaye komile, kuyakufuneka kunkcenkceshelwe rhoqo. Ngokubanzi, amaza aphindaphindwayo aya kuba malunga namaxesha ama-3-4 ngeveki ngelixesha lelona xesha lishushu, kwaye malunga ne-2 ngeveki unyaka wonke.

Nje ukuba usemhlabeni ubuncinci unyaka, awuyi kudinga ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ukuba kunetha rhoqo.

Umbhalisi

Isichumisi sibaluleke njengamanzi, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhula elingqamene nale meko, ngentwasahlobo nehlobo. Xa ingqele yasekwindla iqala ukufika kwaye amaqondo obushushu ehla abe ngaphantsi kwe 20ºC, kwaye iqabaka yokuqala inokwenzeka nokuba kuxhomekeke kwindawo, umthi awufuni "kutya" kongezelelekileyo.

Ngesi sizathu, ngakumbi ukuba umhlaba uhlwempuzekile kwizakhamzimba, sicebisa ukuchumisa ulmus laevis ngexesha lasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Ngantoni? Ngezichumisi eziphilayoEwe, umgquba, iguyano, umgquba wezilwanyana odlayo, iqanda kunye neqokobhe lebhanana, ... Ewe, ukuba isembizeni, kuya kufuneka usebenzise izichumisi ezingamanzi (njengeguano kwifom engamanzi, ethengiswayo aphaukulandela izikhombisi ezichazwe kwiphakheji.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Zeziphi iintlobo zomgquba ezikhoyo kwaye zithini iimpawu zazo?

Ukuthena

Awuyidingi. Susa nje isebe elomileyo, eligulayo, elibuthathaka okanye elaphukileyo.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Iyaxhathisa kakhulu ngokubanzi, kodwa inovakalelo kuyo elm graphiosis. Esi sisifo esidluliselwa sisikhunta sodidi lweOphiostoma ethi, nje ukuba ifike kwimithambo engaphakathi kwesiqu namasebe, ibangele amagqabi abune ngokukhawuleza kwaye isityalo sife.

I-vector yayo yi-Scolytus beetles, ezo zihambisa i-spores yefungus kwi-elm yesifo ukuya kwimpilo. Kwaye ngelishwa, unyango olusebenzayo alukaziwa, ngoko nje xa iimpawu zokuqala zifunyenwe, into eyenziwayo kukuthenwa nokutshiswa kwelo sebe nokubeka incam yokunyanga kwi-elm ukutywina inxeba.

Inokunyangwa nangefungicides efana ne-benomyl okanye i-thiabendazole, kodwa ayiqinisekisi unyango, okanye ayiphelele.

Ukuphindaphinda

Elm emhlophe iphindaphindwa ngembewu ebusika nangokusikwa kwasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Uqhubeka njani kwimeko nganye?

Imbewu

Imbewu kufuneka ihlwayelwe ebusika kwiibhedi zembewu (iimbiza, iitreyi zezithole, okanye izinto ezinje) ngomhlaba okhulayo jikelele. Zigqume ngomaleko omncinci we-substrate, kwaye ubanike inkcenkceshelo elungileyo.

Ukugcina umhlaba uhlala ufumile, baya kuhluma entwasahlobo.

Ukusika

Ukuze uyiphindaphinde ngokusika, kuya kufuneka usike isebe elisempilweni lomthi onzima, ukumitha isiseko ngehomoni yokuxhasa (ukuthengisa apha), kwaye uyityale embizeni kunye ne-substrate yendalo yonke okanye ivermiculite (iyathengiswa apha).

Ibekwe ngaphandle, emthunzini omnyama, kwaye igcina i-substrate ifumile, iya kuncothula emva kweentsuku ezili-15.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

I-elm emhlophe iyamelana neqabaka ukuya kuthi ga -18 ° C.

Zisebenzisa ntoni?

Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Le.Loup.Gris

Kuphela njenge umthi wokuhombisa, njengomzekelo owodwa kunye nokubonelela ngomthunzi. Iinkuni zayo zikumgangatho ophantsi; eneneni, ukuthenwa kuhlala- ukuba kukho nantoni na- kubhetele ukuyiqhekeza uyiphose egadini njengomgquba, okanye wenze umgquba ngayo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Indlela yokwenza umgquba inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ucinga ntoni nge ulmus laevis?