Zingaphi iintlobo ze-cacti ezikhoyo kwaye zikhathalelwa njani?

ICacti zithandwa ngokulinganayo kwaye ziyathandwa zizityalo. Ameva angenza umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi yiloo nto abantu bathanda kakhulu; kwaye ayichazwanga indlela ezixabiseke ngayo, nangona zingahlali ixesha elide, ziintyatyambo zaso. Olunye umtsalane kwezi zityalo kukuba zininzi iintlobo ze-cactus ezahluke kakhulu kwezinye, ke ngoko ziyakumema ukuba uziqokelele.

Uninzi lwazo lunokugcinwa embizeni ubomi babo bonke, kodwa zikhona ezinye, ngenxa yobungakanani bazo, kungcono ukuba zikhule egadini. Kodwa, Ngaba uyazi ukuba zingaphi iintlobo ze-cacti ezikhoyo?

Isishwankathelo seCacti

ICactus (familia ICactaceae) Zizityalo ezaqala ukuvela malunga ne-40 okanye i-50 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imifuno, azinamagqabi (nangona kukho ukungafani), kodwa unameva. Umsebenzi wefotosinthesisi uwile esiqwini, uninzi lwazo luhlaza. Esi siqu sinye sesona sinamanzi axabisekileyo. 

Ngenxa yoko inokumelana nexesha elide lembalelakodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abadingi unikezelo lwamanziKungenxa yoko le nto ii-cacti ezininzi ezityalwe egadini zilahlekile okanye zigula. Nditsho necacti ezivela kwezona ndawo zomileyo eMhlabeni, njengentlango de I-Atacama ifumana unikezelo lwamanzi rhoqo ngenxa yenkungu. Indoda enezakhono zokuyikhulisa yakha yandixelela ukuba i-cactus ifuna amanzi amaninzi kunokuba siwanika, kunye ne-substrate ehambisa kakhulu, kakuhle, pumice okanye isanti yomlambo. 

Ukongeza kwi-substrate elungileyo kunye namanzi, bafuna ukutya. Zizinto eziphilayo ukuze zikhule kufuneka zibonelele rhoqo ngesichumiso entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. A) Ewe, Kubalulekile ukuba sibachumise ngesichumisi se-cacti ukulandela imiyalelo echazwe kwiphakheji, okanye ngeNitrofoska ngokugalela icephe elincinci kumphezulu we-substrate rhoqo kwiintsuku ezili-15.

Kwaye le yinto ekufuneka siyenzile Iintlobo ezingama-2500 200 ezihanjiswe ngaphezu kwama-XNUMX kwizizukulwana yecacti ekhoyo ngoku, ngaphandle kobume bayo kunye nobungakanani. Njengokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwaye kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cacti, kunzima kakhulu ukuthetha ngokubanzi malunga nokhathalelo lwabo, ke siza kubahlulahlule kwiintsapho kwaye nakwizizwe, ukuzama ukuba ngqo ngokuchanekileyo . Gcina ukhumbula ukuba olu luhlu lunokutshintsha ukusuka kolunye usuku ukuya kolandelayo. Emva koko siza kubahlula ngobume babo ukuze kube lula. 

Iindidi zeCactus zerhafu

Zifana ngantoni zonke ezi zityalo kwaye zisivumela ukuba sahlule icactus yokwenene kwisityalo esifanayo solunye usapho ubukho bee areolas, ii-brachyblast eziguqulweyo ezikhoyo kuphela kule ntsapho. Kuzo kuphuma iintyatyambo, amagqabi, ameva, ii-nectaries kunye namasebe. Apha siza kuququzelela iintlobo ze-cacti ngokokuhlelwa kwetaxonomic.

Usapho Pereskioideae  

Kubandakanya kuphela isini IPereskia. Ku malunga eyona cacti yakudala, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba zingabonakali njengecacti. Banokukhula kwe-arboreal okanye bushy, ngamagqabi akhule kakuhle. Iintyatyambo zayo ziyafana nezo zamatyholo asendle asendle, ezibanika igama le rose cactus. Ngokubanzi bafuna ukufuma okungaphezulu kunenye yecacti, kuba amagqabi abo avumela amanzi amaninzi ukuba abaleke ngombilo. Zithropikhi, kodwa uninzi lunyamezela amaqondo obushushu asondele ku -3ºC. Bahlala ikakhulu kuMbindi Merika.

Usapho Maihuenioideae

Kubandakanya kuphela isini I-Maihuenia, enye yeyona cactus yakudala. Zinamagqabi, kodwa ziphucukile kancinci, ezifanayo kwinkangeleko yeAustrocylindropuntia, uhlobo ekulula ukubadida. Banokukhula okukhohlo, iziqu ezibonakala zethe-ethe, kunye neentsiba ezinde. Iintyatyambo ezifanayo nezo zosapho lakwa-Opuntioideae. Ukumelana kakhulu nokufuma okubandayo kunye nokugqitha, kodwa akunjalo ukumelana nobushushu. Ubunzima eMzantsi Melika.

Usapho Opuntioideae

Olu lusapho luquka izizwe ezi-5 ezahluke kakhulu kwezinye. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zazo zonke zezi zilandelayo: eUhlobo lwe-harpoon-spines, ezisahleli zibethelelwe kwizilwanyana; ubukho be iityhubhu, Iintsiba ezincinci kakhulu ezithi zidibane kwaye ziyacaphukisa, umsebenzi wazo osisiseko kukuthintela amarhamncwa; ubukho be amagqabi, Iyaqhubeka okanye iphelelwe lixesha kwaye ikhula ikakhulu ngenxa izixhobo (iziqu ezimfutshane eziphulukana nomphetho wazo emva kokukhula kokuqala).

Uhlanga I-Austrocylindropuntieae

Ubunzima eMzantsi Melika. Kubandakanya iintlobo I-Austrocylindropuntia y cumulopuntia, izityalo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo.

• I-Austrocylindropuntia: inamagqabi amade, ihlala iqhubeka unyaka okanye nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kwemeko yembalela ebalahlayo. Iziqu zayo azilahli incopho yazo, ke ziyaqhubeka nokukhula ziye kwiimitha ezininzi ukuphakama, kusilela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwesiqu sosapho. Bahlala bengamatyholwana ubuncinci ubuncinci beemitha. Bathanda ukumelana nobushushu, ukubanda, imbalela kunye namanzi amaninzi.
• I-Cumulopuntia: zincinci kwaye zincinci izityalo, zinamava amakhulu, amaninzi kakhulu kunye namagqabi amancinci athe awa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Amalungu ayi-cylindrical okanye angqukuva kwaye amafutshane kakhulu (ahlala engadluli kwi-2cm ubude).

Uhlanga ICylindropuntieae

Ibandakanya iintlobo ezine, ezimbini ezizodwa ekuveliseni izityalo ezithuthwa zizilwanyana kwaye ezimbini ezithi zibe zizithole.

• ICylindropuntia y IGrusonia: Ukukhula ngeenduku zezithambiso ezineentsika ezinkulu ezibukhali kakhulu. Ezi zinti zihlukaniswe nesityalo ngokukhululeka okukhulu, ukuze xa isilwanyana sizibrasha, zidityaniswe zisiwe kwezinye iindawo. Zinamagqabi, kodwa kuxa ziphuhlisa amaqhina amatsha. Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwezi zimbini zesini kukuba ICylindropuntia kwenziwa izityalo ezikhulu, ezinye iintlobo ziyakwazi ukuthathelwa ingqalelo njengemithi, kwaye IGrusonia Zizityalo ezincinci kakhulu ezingahlali ziphakame ngaphezulu kwe-10cm. Zibola ngokulula, ngenxa yoko zifuna umsele olungileyo. Ngokubanzi, ukumelana kakhulu nengqele. Las cylindropuntilolunye lweentlobo eziyingozi zeCacti.

• IPereskiopsis y QuiabentiaUkukhula okuqhubekayo ngamasebe amahle. Zinamagqabi amakhulu aqhubekayo, ezifanayo nezo IPereskia (kungoko igama layo). Quiabentia iba yisithole, ngelixa IPereskiopsis inokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Abakwazi ukumelana nokubanda, kodwa benza ngokufuma okungaphezulu. Ngenxa yokucekeka kweziqu zayo kunye namandla ayo, IPereskiopsis Isetyenziselwa ukumilisela i-cacti esandula ukuhluma.

Uhlanga Opuntiae

Amapereyiki kunye nezinye. Ezi ntlobo ze-cacti zinokukhula ngeentonga ezicabaleleyo (cladodes), kunye namagqabi ahlala kwisityalo kuphela ngexesha lokukhula kwee-cladode ezintsha. Ibandakanya ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• I-Opuntia: Oku kubandakanya iipereyiki ezinqabileyo okanye ii-nopales ezityiwayo kunye nezityalo ezininzi ezifanayo. Banokulinganisa ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi, nangona ii-cladode zabo zihlala zikhulu ngokuphakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathwala ingqele entle kwaye ababuthathaka kuhlobo lwe-substrate.
• IBrazil y IkhonsoliIzigaba ezibini ze-opuntias ze-arborescent. Zihlala zineentlobo ezimbini zokukhula, enye inesilinda esineziqu kunye neziqu eziqhubekayo ezenza umboko ophambili kunye neecadode eziqhelekileyo ezenza amasebe asecaleni. Abayinyamezeli iqabaka.
• TacingaNgokubanzi zijongeka njengezinye ii-opuntias, kodwa zincinci ngobukhulu, umahluko omkhulu ziintyatyambo, ezincinci kwaye zincinci ukubonakalisa. Ezinye iintlobo zikhula ngeziqu zezindlu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide ziqhubeke.
• Mycheliopuntia: ezifanayo ngokubonakala kwi ICylindropuntia, kodwa loo nto inomdla inxulumene noko.
• ITunilla: efanayo ekukhuleni ukuya cumulopuntia kodwa nge-cladode endaweni yezixhobo ze-cylindrical.

Uhlanga Teprocacteae

Nababini besini, I-Maihueniopsis (ekwabizwa ngokuba IPuna) kunye I-Tephrocactus. Ziphakathi ukuya kwezincinci izityalo, ngokubanzi ziyindilinga okanye zingqukuva. Zinamagqabi amancinci kuphela njengoko zikhulisa amaqhina amatsha. Esi sizwe siquka ezinye zezona zifunwa kakhulu emva kweCacti ngabaqokeleli ngenxa yezinto abanomdla kuzo, ezinje I-Maihueniopsis clavata, amaqhekeza awo abonakala njengamakhowa okanye I-Tephrocactus articulatus var. strobiliformis, eneempahla zayo ezibukeka ngathi zineepayini. Bafuna amanzi amancinci kakhulu kunye nemicu esecaleni enomjelo ophezulu wokuhambisa amanzi, kuba bathanda ukubola. Bathwala ingqele kakuhle kakhulu.

Uhlanga IPterocacteae

Ngesini esinye kuphela, IPterocactus. Zizityalo ezincinci ezineziqu zezilinda eziphuma kwisiseko, phantse ngaphandle kwamasebe. Hayi ameva anobundlobongela kunye neentyatyambo zesiphelo ngokubanzi ezibanika ukubonakala xa bekhula. Olunye umdla walezi zityalo kukuba zihlala zineengcambu ezinesibindi ezibanika ukubonakala kwesityalo se-caudiciform xa sivelisiwe. Kumelana nengqele.

Usapho ICactoideae

Olona sapho luseluninzi lwecacti. Ibandakanya zombini, ikholam, kunye ne-barrel-type cacti, kunye ne-epiphytic cacti. Hlwayela ukungabikho kwamagqabi kunye neentsiba ziqinile kwaye zihlala zincamathele kwisityalo. Ngokubanzi, wonke umntu ufuna ukuhambisa amanzi kakhulu kunye nelanga elininzi. Ibandakanya izizwe ezisithoba kunye nohlobo oluninzi, ngoko ke masikhe sihambe kuzo ngokukhawuleza ngokujonga nje kwiimpawu ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo.

Uhlanga IBrowningieae

Kubandakanya iintlobo Armatocereus, Browningia, Jasminocereus, Neoraimondia y IStetsonia. Ngokuqhelekileyo zii-cacti ezinamacandelo aphezulu ane-branching ephezulu kunye nolwakhiwo olubi, yiyo loo nto zinembonakalo yomthi. Bahlala eMzantsi Melika. Iintyatyambo eziphakathi okanye ezincinci, zihlala ebusuku.

Uhlanga ICacteae

Kubandakanya iintlobo I-Acharagma, iAriocarpus, I-Astrophytum, Aztekium, Coryphantha, Digitostigma, I-Echinocactus, Echinomastus, Epithelantha, Escobaria, UFerocactus, IGeohintonia, iLeuchtenbergia, Lophophora, mammillaria, Mammilloydia, Neolloydia, Obregonia, Ortegocactus, Pediocactus, Pelecyphora, Sclerocactus, Stenocactus, Strombocactus, Thelocactus y I-Turbinicarpus. Kwesi sizwe uya kufumana phantse yonke into eyenziwe ngomgqomo wecacti (I-Echinocactus grusonii, isihlalo somamazala, sifumaneka kwesi sizwe). Banokuba nohlobo olunye kuphela lwearola apho zonke izakhiwo ziphuma khona okanye ezinye zinentsiba kuphela kwaye ezinye zineentyatyambo kunye nezinto ezingqinayo, njengakwimeko yeemammillarias. Okubandakanyiweyo kolu hlanga ziicacti ezinemilo enqabileyo, enje ILeuchtenbergia y Idigitostigma, ezinamacala amade kakhulu. Phakathi kunye neentyatyambo ezincinci, ngokubanzi zitshintsha.

Uhlanga I-Calymmantheae

Ibandakanya uhlobo olunye, iCalymmanthium. Imithi emincinci okanye izihlahla zenziwe. Iziqu zayo zinezimbambo eziphawulwe kakhulu kwaye endaweni yoko buthathaka. Iintyatyambo zobukhulu obuphakathi, ukutshintsha. Ayidla ngokulinywa, ke akukho lwazi lungako malunga neemfuno zayo.

Uhlanga Cereeae

Kubandakanya iintlobo Ukuphoswa, iBrasilicereus, Cereus, Cypocereus, Coleocephalocereus, UMelocactus, Micranthocereus, Pierrebraunia, Pilosocereus, Praecereus, Stephanocereus y uebelmannia. Ngokwesiqhelo ikholamu cacti elo sebe lisuka emhlabeni, ke banako ukukhula ukukhula kwe-shrubby (ngaphandle koku UMelocactus, Ebonakala njenge globose de iqale ukudubula kwaye ingaze ibe ngamasebe). Abanye balinganisa iisentimitha ezimbalwa kwaye abanye badlula kwi-10m ukuphakama.

Uhlanga Hylocereeeae

Kubandakanya iintlobo I-Disocactus, Epiphyllum, IHylocereus, UPseudorhipsalis, uSelenicereus y I-Weberocereus Benyuka i-cacti abakhetha ii-substrates ezingaphezulu kwendalo kuninzi kunye nomthunzi othile, kunye nenkxaso yokukhula. Ukuze babambeke, bahlala besebenzisa iingcambu zomoya. Bahlala beneembambo ezimbalwa eziphawulwe kakhulu. Iintyatyambo zayo zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zihlala ebusuku. Ipitahaya (IHylocereus spp.) ifakiwe apha.

Uhlanga I-Notocateae

Kubandakanya iintlobo I-Austrocactus, iBlossfeldia, iCintia, ICopiapoa, I-EriosyceEulychnia, Mfana, INewdermannia y Ludumo. Zincinci kwaye zihlala zijikelezwe cacti, ngaphandle kwe Eulychnia, eluhlobo lwecacti ende ende. Iintyatyambo ziyatshintsha, ziphakathi okanye zincinci. Bahlala ngokubanzi emazantsi oMzantsi Merika.

Uhlanga Pachycereeeeae

Kubandakanya iintlobo Acanthocereus, iBergerocactus, ICarnegiea, Cephalocereus, Corryocactus, Echinocereus, Escontria, Leptocereus, UnmyillocactusNeobuxbaumia, IPachycereus, IPeniocereus, Polaskia, Pseudoacanthocereus y Stenocereus. Phantse zonke iikholam ezinkulu zecacti. Kwesi sizwe kukho ii-saguaros ezidumileyo (ICarnegiea gigantea) kunye ne-cacti enkulu emhlabeni (IPachycereus pringlei). Iintyatyambo zawo zihlala ziphakathi kwaye ziyatshintsha. Bahlala kuMbindi Merika ukuya kuMbindi Mntla Melika.

Uhlanga I-Rhypsalideae

Kubandakanya iintlobo hayike, ILepismium, I-Rhipsalis y I-Schlumbergera. Ziyi-cacti ye-epiphytic eneentyatyambo eziphakathi ukuya kwezincinci. Ukulima kwabo bakhetha ukuba semthunzini kwi-substrate efanayo naleyo yeeorchid. Ikactus yeKrisimesi (ISchlumbergera truncatakunye nepasika (Hatiora gaertneri) ziyafumaneka kwesi sizwe.

Uhlanga Zintathu

Kubandakanya iintlobo iAcanthocalycium, iArthrocereus, iBrachycereus, ICleistocactus, IDenmoza, iDiscocactus, I-Echinopsis, Umfazi, Espostoopsis, Facheiroa, Indawo yokunyanga umzimba, EHaageocereus, eHarrisia, eLocereus, IMatucana, UMila, oreocereus, Oroya, iPygmaeocereus, uRauhocereus, Iirebhiya, Samaipaticereus, UTrichocereus, Weberbauerocereus, Yavia y Yungasocereus. Iyahluka kakhulu, ngazo zonke iintlobo zecacti, ikholamu, erhangqiweyo, enkulu, encinci, kunye nemini, ixesha lasebusuku, ezinkulu, iintyatyambo ezincinci ... Ezinye zeecacti ezilinywa kakhulu kwimozulu ebandayo (ICleistocactus strausii) kunye neentyatyambo zokubonisa (I-Echinopsis spp.) zifumaneka apha. Bonke bavela eMzantsi Melika.

Iindidi zecactus ngokwemo yazo kunye nokhathalelo

Eyona nto ilula kakhulu kukubahlula ngale ndlela, kubandakanya ezona ziqhelekileyo. Zonke iintlobo ze-cacti zifuna ukuhambisa amanzi kakhulu.

• Iikholamu: bafuna ilanga elipheleleyo kunye neziseko zemigodi.
• Uhlobo lwe-Opuntia: bakhetha ilanga elipheleleyo kunye neziseko zemigodi, ngokubanzi exhasa imihlaba esemgangathweni.
• I-barrel cacti: bafuna ilanga elininzi, kodwa ngomthunzi othile, kunye neziseko zemigodi.
• Ingcambu yeNapiform: Bayayifuna iminerali ephantse yagqitywa kunye ne-substrate, kuba zibola ngokulula. Ilanga elipheleleyo okanye umthunzi othile.
• Jungle cacti: nyamezelana ngokwendalo kwaye ukhethe ukuba semthunzini. Badinga ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngakumbi kunabanye.

Icactus engenameva

Kuwo wonke umntu othanda ukubonakala kwe-cacti, kodwa hayi kangako ukuba ujongane nameva, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezinokukunika umdla.

• Uninzi lweepiphytic kunye nokunyuka kwecacti kuswela imiqolo, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba abanayo imilo yecactus eqhelekileyo.
• Ngokubhekisele kwii-opuntias, Ii-microdasys ze-Opuntia 'caress' kunye I-Opuntia ficus-indica 'inermis' abanazo.
• Kuhlobo lomgqomo cacti, i Iirebhiya nangona enameva, awenzakalisi. Iipeyotes (Lophophora spp.) kunye I-Astrophytum asterias ngokubanzi abanayo.
• Okokugqibela, abo banegama elithi 'inermis' ngasemva kwegama lenzululwazi abayi kuba nameva.

Ngaba uyazi zonke ezi ntlobo zeCacti? Ukuba ufuna ulwazi ngakumbi, nqakraza apha.