Yintoni i-gynoecium yeentyatyambo?

Iintyatyambo ziye zavela ekubeni zingcoliswe ngumungu kwaye ke ngoko zivelise imbewu yesityalo esitsha. Ilungu ngalinye lenza konke okusemandleni alo ukufezekisa loo njongo, kwaye enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo yi gynoecium.

I-gynoecium, okanye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-pistil, Sinokuyibona kwiintyatyambo zezityalo ze-angiosperm; Oko kukuthi, kwabo bakhusela imbewu yabo ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo.

Yintoni i-gynoecium kwaye yintoni umsebenzi wayo?

I-gynoecium yinxalenye yeentyatyambo ze-angiosperms, kwaye siya kuyifumana kanye embindini wayo nganye. Yinxalenye yobufazi kolu hlobo lweentyatyambo, lowo ufumana umungu oya kubangela ukuba i-ovary, equlathe ii-ovules ezininzi, ukuba ziqale ukukhula kwaye zibe sisiqhamo esinembewu enye okanye nangaphezulu.

Ubume bayo, ubungakanani bayo, kunye nombala wayo yahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo, kodwa ihlala iluhlaza, kwaye ikwavela kancinci kwintyatyambo. Ayisebenzisi kutsala abantu abahamba ngezityalo (ubuncinci, hayi ngokuthe ngqo), kuba amagqabi okanye iibracts (amagqabi aguquliweyo afana namagqabi) anoxanduva loku, kodwa yindawo yabo yokugqibela; yiyo loo nto zifikeleleka kwiimeko ezininzi.

Umsebenzi ngqo we-gynoecium kukufumana amaqanda ukuba achunyiswe. Kodwa kanjani? Oku kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lwentyatyambo; Oko kukuthi, nokuba ayilunganga okanye i-hermaphroditic.

• Intyatyambo engatshatanga: yinto ebhinqileyo okanye eyindoda. Ukujolisa kwabasetyhini, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba abavelisi umungu (oku kwenziwa ngamadoda, kwii-anthers) bafuna iipalali, ngenxa yemibala yazo, ukutsala impova.
• Iintyatyambo zeHermaphroditic: Baye balula kakhulu. Abaludingi uncedo lwaso nasiphi na isilwanyana esingcolisa impova, okanye umoya, kuba kwintyatyambo enye kukho iinxalenye zamadoda nabasetyhini. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba umungu ukhule uwela kwi-gynoecium kwaye intyatyambo idluliselwa ipoleni.

Zithini iindawo ze-gynoecium?

I-gynoecium yenziwe ngamalungu aliqela, a:

• I-Ovari: yinxalenye apho ii-ovules ziveliswa khona, okuthi, ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, ezo ziya kuba yimbewu. Kuxhomekeka apho ikhoyo, sikwahlula iintlobo ezintathu zamaqanda:
  • I-ovary ephezulu: ibekwe kwindawo yokufumana.
  • I-inferus ovary: ibekwe ezantsi kwesamkeli. Kuyo kufakwa i-sepals, i-petals kunye ne-stamens.
  • I-ovary engaphantsi okanye esezantsi: ikwindawo ephakathi.
• Uhlobo: luhlobo lwetyhubhu ende kwaye ibhityileyo edibanisa isizalo kunye nehlazo. Kuyinyumba: Umsebenzi wayo owahlukileyo kukusebenza njengenqanawa yomjelo apho iinkozo zomungu ziya kufikelela khona kwii-ovules. Ukongeza, inokuba ngumngxunya okanye yomelele, kwaye ihlala igqunyiwe kwi-mucilage (into enamathelayo, kulapho umungu ubanjiswa khona).
• Ibala: yinxalenye ephezulu yegynoecium, efumana umungu oza kuchumisa i-ovary. Ngamanye amaxesha isitayile asikho, ke ibala lifakwa kwi-ovary. Kule meko, intyatyambo kuthiwa ine-sessile stigma.
• Isidoda sokuqala: ihlala isongelwe ngephepha elinye okanye amabini esihlunu esibizwa ngokuba yi-integument. Kwisiseko sayo kukho i-calaza, kulapho kukho khona imibhobho yemithambo yegazi.

Onke la malungu abizwa ngokuba yi-carpel. I-carpel inokubonakala i-welding, inika ipistil enye, okanye yahlulwe okanye ngokwamaqela. Xa imeko yokuqala isenzeka, siyathetha ukuba intyatyambo yi-gamocarpellate, kodwa ukuba ii-carpels zahluliwe, intyatyambo yi-dialicarpel.

Njengoko sele ubonile, i-gynoecium yinxalenye apho izityalo ezitsha ziqala khona ubomi bazo. Ukwazi ngalinye lamalungu alo kuya kuba luncedo xa ufuna ukufumana imbewu, kuba kuyo ungathatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni isityalo sakho monoecious okanye dioecious.