Irabha entle (Hevea)

Izityalo zohlobo IHevea Zezinye zezona zinkulu onokuzifumana kumahlathi ashinyeneyo aseMelika. Banokufikelela kwaye badlule nakwiimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama, ngamagqabi amakhulu aneebhedi zombala oluhlaza oluhle.

Ziluncedo kakhulu izilwanyana, kuba zinika umthunzi omnandi kunye nendawo yokuhlala, apho banokuzimela khona kumarhamncwa; kodwa zikwangomntu.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeHevea

Uhlobo lwe-Hevea luqulathe iintlobo ezilithoba zemithi eluhlaza ezivela ngaphezulu kwayo yonke indawo kwiAmazon basin naseOrinoco. Ziyaziwa njengerabha entle, i-seringa emhlophe, i-jacia okanye irabha ye-seringa. Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, zizityalo ezinkulu kakhulu, ezithi zinokufikelela kuma-30, ngamanye amaxesha zibe ngama-40 eemitha ngesiqu esifikelela kuma-60-70cm ubukhulu. Amagqabi adityaniswe ngesundu, ane-3llical ukuya kwi-obovate iincwadana ezilingana ne-5-60cm ubude nge-3-16cm ububanzi.

Banoonoecious; Oko kukuthi, baneentyatyambo zowasetyhini kunye nenkunzi kwisampulu efanayo. Ezi ziqokelelwe kwi-inflorescence emile njenge-panicle, kwaye ziyisiphelo okanye i-axillary. Banokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12cm ubude. Iziqhamo ziicapsules eziqukethe imbewu ye-ellipsoidal 2 ukuya kwi-3,5 cm ubude.

Iintlobo eziphambili

Ezona zidumileyo zezi:

UHevea benthamiana

Ngumthi ihlala ikhula ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-20, kodwa inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-45 ukuba ikwanti, equlethe i-latex eninzi. Amagqabi ayatshintshana, amagqabi esundu, anamaphepha amathathu ane-oblong-ovate 3-9cm ubude nge-12-4cm ububanzi.

Ihevea brasiliensis

Yiyo umthi ngama-20 ukuya kuma-30 eemitha ukuphakama, kunqabile ukuba ziimitha ezingama-45, nesiqu esithe nkqo nesilinda esine-30 ukuya kwi-60cm. Amagqabi adityanisiwe, anamaphepha amathathu angamanye kwaye ane-16cm ubude nge-6-7cm ububanzi. Iqulethe i-latex eninzi, emhlophe okanye emthubi ngombala, eyenziwe ngayo irabha.

Banyanyekelwa njani?

Ukuba ufuna ukuba ne-Hevea egadini yakho okanye kwipatio, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

sezulu

Yinto yokuqala ekufuneka sizazise ngayo xa siza kuthenga isityalo. Ngokwamava am ndiza kukuxelela ukuba ukuzama kakhulu, kuyanceda ukuba ufunde kwaye, ukuze izityalo ngokwazo zikunike isimanga esithandekayo ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye. Kodwa kuya kufuneka ulinge ngentloko yakho.

Akukho ngqiqweni ukuthenga isityalo esikweleenjiko size sisibeke egadini kwindawo apho iqabaka lenzeka khona kuba siza kulahleka kwangoko. Ke, ukunqanda oku ukuba kwenzeke kuwe nge-Hevea, Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba bahlala kwimozulu eshushu yetropiki, kunye nexesha laso lemvula kunye nexesha laso, kulungile, kuncinci ukufuma, okungomisi nyani (hayi ukuba siyithelekisa nexesha elomileyo lommandla weMeditera, apho sinokuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 singayibonanga imvula).

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: Gcwalisa i-mulch exutywe ne-30% ye-perlite. Unokufumana eyokuqala apha kwaye eyesibini ngo apha.
• Jadini: umhlaba kufuneka uchume, utyebe ngezinto eziphilayo, kwaye ungathathi cala okanye i-pH ethile ene-asidi (pH 6 ukuya ku-7).

Unkcenkceshelo

Unkcenkceshelo kufuneka rhoqo kakhulu. Ukuba imozulu ilungile, kuya kufuneka ugcine umhlaba okanye i-substrate ifumile kodwa ingabi manzi. Ngexesha 'elomileyo', amanzi kancinci.

Sebenzisa amanzi emvula nanini na xa unakho, okanye ucofe amanzi xa kufanelekile ukuba usetyenziswe ngabantu. Ukuba awukwazi, gcwalisa isitya ngamanzi kwaye uhlale ubusuku obulandelayo: ngosuku olulandelayo sebenzisa lowo usuka embindini uye kumda wesikhongozeli, uzama ukungasihambisi kakhulu ukuze isinyithi esinzima sihlale emazantsi.

Umbhalisi

Kuya kufuneka uhlawule i-Hevea nge Izichumisi zendalo, ezinje ngeguano, umgquba, umgquba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kanye qho kwiintsuku ezili-10 okanye ezili-15.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Zeziphi iintlobo zezichumisi ezikhoyo?

Ukuphindaphinda

Iphindaphindwa ngembewu entwasahlobo (okanye emva kwexesha 'elomileyo' ukuba imozulu ibishushu). Ukwenza oku, sicebisa ukuba ulandele eli nyathelo ngenyathelo:

1. Kuqala, beka imbewu kwiglasi yamanzi iiyure ezingama-24.
2. Emva kwelo xesha, hlala nabo batshonileyo njengoko beza kuba ngabo abanokuntshula.
3. Emva koko gcwalisa itreyi yesithombo esilahliweyo (iyathengiswa apha) okanye imbiza enemingxunya yokuhambisa amanzi kunye ne-mulch exutywe ne-30% ye-perlite, kunye namanzi.
4. Emva koko, hlwayela ubuninzi beembewu ezimbini kwisokethi nganye, okanye ubuninzi be-4 embizeni, kwaye ufefe isalfure ngaphezulu. Oku kuya kuthintela ukungunda ekubonakaliseni.
5. Okokugqibela, zigqume ngomaleko omncinci we-substrate, kunye namanzi.

Ziza kuhluma malunga nenyanga.

Ukutyala okanye ukutshintsha ixesha

En primavera (okanye emva kwexesha 'elomileyo') inokutyalwa egadini, okanye itshintshwe imbiza xa kukho imfuneko.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Abaxhathisi iqabaka. Ubushushu obuncinci abufanele ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-18ºC. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo ipatio yangaphakathi okanye indlu eluhlaza, akufuneki ube neengxaki ezininzi.

Yintoni i-Hevea?

Umhlobiso

Zisetyenziswa njengesiqhelo esizimeleyo okanye ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Inika umthunzi olunge kakhulu, ofanelekileyo ukubhiyozela phantsi kwamasebe ayo emihla yokuzalwa, okanye nawuphi na umsitho wosapho.

Olunye usetyenziso

I-Hevea yimithi equlathe i-latex, emhlophe okanye tyheli, ininzi kakhulu kwiziqu zazo. Irabha yenziwe ngale latex, esisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza amavili umzekelo, okanye iintlobo ezithile zehabhu.

Ucinga ntoni ngehevea? Ubusazi?