Zininzi izifo nezitshabalalisi ezinokuchaphazela izityalo zethu, eziquka nezityalo zetumato. Enye yezona zifo zixhaphakileyo kwezi ziqhamo yileyo ibangelwa ngumngundo, owaziwa ngokuba yi-anthracnose. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga ne-tomato anthracnose, siza kuxubusha iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.
Ukuba ukhula utamatisi kwaye ufuna ukuthintela ukuba bangachaphazeleki yi-anthracnose fungus, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni esi sifo, yintoni iimpawu zayo, indlela yokuyiphatha ngayo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu: Indlela yokukhusela i-anthracnose kwi-tomato. Ke qaphela ukuthintela izityalo zakho ukuba zingachaphazeleki okanye ufumanise ukuba sele zosulelwe ngulo mngundo.
Yintoni ebangela i-anthracnose?
Ngaphambi kokuchaza iimpawu kunye nonyango lwe kwinto kwitumato, siza kuphawula malunga nokuba yintoni esi sifo. I-arhente ejongene nale phytopathology yi-fungus ebizwa ngokuba yi-fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, kodwa isenokubangelwa zezinye iintlobo ze-genus Colletotrichum, Gloesporium y Coniothyrium. Ukuvela kwisiGrike, igama elithi "anthracnose" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "amalahle" kunye sisifo esithintela iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neetumato okanye iipapaya, ezichaphazela ubomi babo kwishelufu.
Olu hlobo lomngundo lubonakaliswe ngokuba nembewu okanye izinto zokuzala ezibizwa ngokuba yicondiwena. Zihlelwe kwi-acervuli ezithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokusuleleka kwezityalo. Xa kufikwa kwikoloniyali yesityalo, kukho izigaba ezibini:
- Inqanaba lokuqala okanye le-biotrophic: Umngundo wondla isityalo, ngakumbi iiseli zaso eziphilayo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-pathogen iphetha ngokuziseka kwisityalo.
- Isigaba sesibini okanye isigaba se-necrotrophic: Ngenxa yohlaselo lwe-pathogen, izibonelelo ezifunyenwe ngoku zivela kwiiseli ezifileyo. Kukwesi sigaba apho iimpawu zokuqala ze-anthracnose zivela.
Amathuba okuvela kwe-anthracnose kwitumata ayanda kakhulu xa isityalo sinamanxeba. nokuba zibangelwa kukungalingani kwesondlo, kukubethwa, ukukhuhlana okanye ukuhlaselwa zizinambuzane. Enye into ethanda ukubonakala kolu hlobo lomngundo ubushushu. Ngoko ke, esi sifo sihlala sibonakala ehlotyeni nasentwasahlobo. Kwakhona ukufuma kwandisa ukungunda. Ezo mozulu zinobufuma obungaphaya kwe-90% okanye ezinemvula eninzi nomoya kakhulu ziququzelela ukusasazeka kwefungus kunye nokusasazwa kwembewu yayo.
Iimpawu ze-anthracnose kwi-tomato
Ukubona i-anthracnose kwi-tomato, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwisityalo kwaye sinikele ingqalelo kwimbonakalo yeempawu zesi sifo. Phakathi kwabo kugqame ukubonakala kwamabala amdaka emagqabini; ngokukodwa malunga nemithambo-luvo. Xa isekwimo yayo yokuqala, okokuqala iba ngamabala amancinci, asisangqa. Ngokuhamba kwexesha ziba mnyama de zibangele ukufa kwethishu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-necrosis.
Kwakhona sinokujonga iimpawu kwiziqhamo zemifuno, ngakumbi kwezo zikwinkqubo yokuvuthwa. Kule meko i-sags kunye nezilonda ezimnyama zivela kumphezulu we-tomato. Ngenxa yoko, sonke isiqhamo siphela sibola kwangethuba.
Ilawulwa njani i-anthracnose?
Ukuba sifumene iimpawu ze-anthracnose kwitumata, kufuneka sinyange isityalo sonke ngemichiza yokungunda emva kokuvuna. Ukongezelela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa zonke iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, nokuba zingamagqabi, iziqu okanye iziqhamo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa zonke i-debris zezityalo ezichaphazelekayo yifungus, njengoko ziyindlela yokusabalalisa i-fungus. I-mycelia ye-agent ye-pathogenic ingaqhubeka nokusebenza emva kweminyaka emibini okanye nangaphezulu.
Thintelo
Nangona kukho unyango lwe-anthracnose kwitumata. kungcono ukukhusela kunokunyanga. Ngesi sizathu, siza kukunika iingcebiso zokuthintela izityalo zakho ukuba zingachatshazelwa yile fungus:
- Phambi kokutyala imifuno, qala ngokubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni.
- Thintela umhlaba ekuphuphumeni xa unkcenkceshela.
- Phucula amanzi okuhambisa amanzi emhlabeni.
- Ukuba sikwindawo enemozulu kunye nemekobume ethanda ukuvela kwe-anthracnose, beka iifreyimu zezityalo.
- Susa ukhula lwasendle.
- Kuphephe ukwandisa ukuxinana kwe-pathogen emhlabeni.
- Kuphephe ukulima into enye.
- Musa ukumanzisa iindawo zesityalo ezisemoyeni, njengeziqu, amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo.
- Hlala ucoca izixhobo zokuthena, phambi nasemva kokuzisebenzisa. Kule nto sinokusebenzisa amaconsi ambalwa e-dishwasher okanye utywala be-pharmacy.
- Xa unkcenkceshela, kuphephe ukwenza oko ukusuka phezulu ukuze amanzi angatshizi kwindawo ephezulu yesityalo.
- Thintela iitumato ezisempilweni ukuba zingadibani nomhlaba.
- Sebenzisa amayeza okubulala umngundo emva kokuvuna, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Njengoko ubona, i-anthracnose ye-tomato sisifo esibi kakhulu kwisityalo, kodwa ngesisombululo esilula. Nangona kunjalo, Kungcono ukuthatha onke amanyathelo okuthintela ukuba le nto yokungunda, okanye nayiphi na enye, inokosulela izityalo zethu.