I-boletus etyiwayo nengatyiwa

Los UBoletus Luhlobo lomngundo oluneentlobo ezingama-300. Uninzi lwazo luyatyiwa, kodwa kukho ezinye ekufuneka sizilumkele kakhulu kuba zinokubangela ukungonwabi esiswini kwaye sinokugqibela ngokufuna uncedo lonyango. Ngethamsanqa, kulula kakhulu ukuba zichongwe, nokuba ke kunqabile ukuba uye kuqokelela amakhowa, awuyi kuba nangxaki.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngala makhowa anomdla, kule nto ikhethekileyo ndiza kukuxelela Yintoni i-boletus etyiwayo kunye ne-inedible, kunye neempawu zayo eziphambili.

Iimpawu ngokubanzi zeBoletus

Ezi fungi zibonakaliswa ngokuba ne-hymenium ene-pores. Yintoni hymenium? Ingaba u icandelo elichumileyo yamakhowa, ethi kwimeko ye-protagonists yethu isezantsi »umnqwazi». Bangabosapho lakwaBoletaceae, lomyalelo weBoletales, ukuze lonke usapho lube yiBoletus, kodwa ayizizo zonke iiBoletales ezivela kuhlobo lweBoletus; enyanisweni, zikhona ezinye iintlobo ezinje ngeGyrodon okanye iScleroderma.

Igama elithi Boletus lithetha "amakhowa" ngesiGrike kunye "neqhuma" ngesiGrike. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi umntu uziqokelelele ukwenza izitya ezimnandi. Namhlanje zininzi iintsapho ezixhamlayo ngoMgqibelo okanye ngeCawa ehlotyeni kunye / okanye ekwindla ziye kukhangela la makhowa.

Zeziphi izinto ezidliwayo zeBoletus?

Nalu uluhlu olunezona ntlobo ziphambili zeBoletus enokutyiwa:

UBoletus aereus

El UBoletus aereus inokufumaneka eSpain, njengaseSierra de Gata, e-Extremadura. Unomnqwazi mnyama mnyama, ngamanye amaxesha umnyama malunga ne-15cm ububanzi. Isiqu sibanzi, sifikelela kwi-1,5cm, simnyama ngombala xa sele sivuthiwe.

UBoletus badius

Le mushroom inokufumaneka kwimimandla eshushu yaseYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Ibonakala ngokuba umnqwazi uphantse wathafa, emnyama mdaka, ngonyawo olomeleleyo nolubanzi, phakathi ko 1 no 2cm ubukhulu, ngombala omdaka ngebala.

UBoletus dupainii

Eli khowa linomnqwazi olinganisa ukuya kwi-13cm ubukhulu, licabalele kwaye ebomvu xa sele ivuthiwe. Unyawo lungqindilili, lububububhu, bumthubi kwinxalenye ephezulu kwaye bomvu emazantsi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyifumana, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala kwi-oki nakumahlathi e-beech.

UBoletus edulis

Eli likhowa oza kulifumana ngokulula eSpain. Lubonakala ngokuba nomnqwazi umbala omnyama ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, Ngomphetho wethoni ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu, enenyama kunye nemilo ethe tyaba. Unyawo lomelele kwaye lungqindilili, mhlophe okanye mdaka ngombala.

UBoletus erythropus var. erythropus

Le boletus ikhula ehlathini okanye emthini wehlathi eYurophu. Yiba nefayile ye- umnqwazi omdaka i-hemispherical shape, ene-brown-orange stem ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2cm ubukhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha inokubhidaniswa ne UBoletus satanas esiza kuyibona ngoku, kodwa umnqwazi wokugqibela ngumbala okhanyayo.

UBoletus pinophilus

Itikiti le-pinico, njengoko ngamanye amaxesha libizwa njalo, linokufumaneka eSpain, kumahlathi ompayini. Unomnqwazi bomvu bumdaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30cm ubukhulu, ithe tyaba kancinci. Unyawo lumdaka ngombala, kwaye lishinyene kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4cm.

I-Boletus appendiculatus

Eli tikiti lifumaneka lula kwimihlaba ye-oki. Ibonakaliswa ngokuba nomnqwazi we-hemispherical, ntsundu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20cm ubukhulu. Isiqu sikhulu kakhulu, sifike kwi-5cm, sityheli ngombala xa sele sivuthiwe.

UBoletus chippewaensis

Eli tikiti kunzima ukulifumana, kodwa uqinisekile ukuba unethamsanqa ukuba uhamba uhambo lokuhambahamba kwihlathi lebeech (Ifagus sylvatica) kunye nemi-oki. Ibonakala ngokuba nomnqwazi umbala omdaka ngombala okanye bomvu bumdaka, ngeenyawo ezimdaka ngebala.

UBoletus fechtneri

El UBoletus fechtneri ifana kakhulu ne B. isihlomelo, nangona kunjalo unomnqwazi ocabaleleyo wombala okhanyayo kakhulu, njengegolide engwevu. Unyawo lumhlophe mhlophe, lukwazi ukujika lube bomvu kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo. Akuqhelekanga ukuyifumana, kodwa unokuyibona kumahlathi adibeneyo apho kukho imithi emhlophe yomthi.

Isiqhumiso seBoletus

Le i-boleto ekhula ngakumbi kumantla oSingasiqithi weIberia. Umnqwazi wayo ungalingana ukuya kwi-15cm ubukhulu, ubume obuse hemispherical ekuqaleni, kunye neplano-convex xa ugqiba ukukhula, emnyama mdaka. Unyawo lubanzi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2-3cm ubukhulu, luhlaza-tyheli ngombala.

I-Boletus impolitus

Uya kulifumana eli mushroom kumahlathi axubeneyo emimandla enemozulu epholileyo, nakwimozulu yeMeditera. Umnqwazi uvela umbala we-ocher otyheli, kunye nemilinganiselo malunga ne-10cm ubukhulu, ukwazi ukufikelela kwi-20cm, i-hemispherical ekuqaleni kunye nokuthamba njengoko ikhula. Unyawo lomelele, lubanzi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5cm.

IBoletus subtomentosus

Ungalifumana eli tikiti kuzo zombini ihlathi elidityanisiweyo kunye ne-coniferous. Inomnqwazi olinganiselwa kwi-12cm ubukhulu, ihemispherical, tyheli kakhulu ekuqaleni kwaye uluhlaza ngakumbi ekugqibeleni. Unyawo lungamalunga ne-10cm ubude nge-2cm ububanzi, kwaye umbala omdaka ngebala.

Amatikiti angadliyo

Amatikiti angenakutyiwa abonakaliswa ngokuba neetoni ezibomvu ezothusayo. Kodwa makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ekufuneka bayenze ukuze bangakhathazeki:

UBoletus satanas

El UBoletus satanas unomnqwazi olinganisa ukuya kuma-30cm ububanzi, mhlophe xa sele ivuthiwe. Unyawo lubanzi, lufikelela kwi-10cm ubukhulu, linombala obomvu oqaqambileyo. Inetyhefu.

I-Boletus sensibilis

Eli tikiti likhula eMntla Melika. Ngokukhawuleza xa bevela emhlabeni, banazo Isiqu esibomvu nomnqwazi, kodwa xa begqiba ukukhula, umnqwazi wamkela imilo ethambileyo, egcina umbala wawo. Unyawo kwelinye icala, lujika lube mthubi-mhlophe kwisiqingatha esingaphezulu, kwaye bomvu kwisiqingatha esisezantsi, ukuya kwi-3 cm ubukhulu. Inetyhefu.

Iiradicans zeBoletus

Le boletus ikhula emahlathini emithi enqumlayo, njenge-oki okanye i-beech (Fagus). Yibane Umnqwazi omhlophe elinganiselwa kwi-8cm ubukhulu, nangona ingafikelela kwi-20cm. Unyawo lubanzi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10cm, mthubi ngombala. Ayiyityhefu, kodwa ayityi njengoko ikrakra.

Siyathemba ukuba ngesi sikhokelo uya kuyazi indlela yokuchonga ngcono i-boletus etyiwayo kwizinto ezingadliyo. Khangela kakuhle! 🙂