Njengakwilizwe lezilwanyana nakwilizwe lezityalo kukho iindidi ezininzi, amaqela kunye neentlobo, nakwizinto eziphilayo ezincinci ngokunjalo. Ngokukodwa, iibhaktheriya zinomphetho ophawuleka kakhulu ngezibonelelo zazo ezahlukeneyo: iCyanobacteria. Zihlala zihambelana ne-algae kunye nolwandle kunye nezityalo zasemanzini zethoni eluhlaza kunye nohlaza.
Ezi zinto ziphilayo zibaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba lendalo kunye nendaleko. Ukufumanisa kwakhe kwaba yimpumelelo kwihlabathi lezityalo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi nge-cyanobacteria, iimpawu kunye nezibonelelo kunye neengozi, qhubeka ufunda eli nqaku.
Yintoni icyanobacteria kwaye zifumaneka phi?
Phakathi iintsholongwane kukho phyla ezahlukeneyo okanye iindidi, enye yazo cyanobacteria. Ezi zinakho ukwenza ifotosinthesisi yeoksijini, apho bafumana khona ii-elektroni emanzini, ngaloo ndlela bekhupha ioksijini njengemveliso. Ngenxa yokuba kuphela kwee-prokaryotes zokwenza njalo, zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-oxyphotobacteria.
Ixesha elide, i-cyanobacteria yaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanophytic algae, egama lithetha "izityalo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka," okanye ii-cyanophytes, eziguqula "ulwelwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka." Kodwa ngeSpanish bahlala bekhethwe njenge-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emva kokufumanisa umahluko phakathi kweeseli ze-eukaryotic kunye neprokaryotic, kwafumaniseka ukuba Kukho kuphela ezi zinto zine-prokaryotic algae, kungoko igama le-cyanobacteria.
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili ze-cyanobacteria esifuna ukuziqaqambisa. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ziyi-prokaryotic kunye nee-unicellular. Ukongeza, bahlala kwiikoloni ngohlobo lwezikhewu ezingenanto, amashiti okanye imisonto. Olunye uphawu lokuqaqambisa kukuba eyona ndawo ihlala kuyo ngumhlaba omanzi namanzi. Kunika umdla ukwazi ukuba bayakwazi ukuhlala kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi. Ngokubhekisele ekuveliseni kwakhona, oku kwenziwa ngokuqhekeka kwemisonto yabo. Nangona ubukho becyanobacteria buluncedo kakhulu kwindalo, ezinye iintlobo zivelisa izinto ezinetyhefu ezinako ukutyhefa ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezabelana ngendawo efanayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Iindawo zokuhlala ezixhaphakileyo phakathi kwecyanobacteria ziindawo ezinelitha, oko kukuthi, amachibi kunye namachibi, ngaphandle kweziqu ezifileyo, ixolo lomthi, kunye nomhlaba ofumileyo. Kwakhona, ezinye iintlobo ziyi-halophilic kwaye zihlala elwandle. Abanye, kwelinye icala, banesifo sokufudumeza umzimba kwaye bahlala kwigiza.
Njengoko i-cyanobacteria indala kakhulu, i-niches abeza kuyo kwikoloni yahluke kakhulu. Nangona zinganyanzelisi ngokwemo yendalo esingqongileyo, zihambelana namanzi. Singazifumana ezi zinto ziphilayo emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye neendawo ezinamaqondo aphezulu okanye asezantsi. I-Cyanobacteria iyakwazi ukwenza i-calcareous izakhiwo kwaye ihlala emanzini amdaka.
ICyanobacteria: Imizekelo
Nangona zininzi ii-cyanobacteria esinobungqina bazo namhlanje, siza kugqamisa ezimbalwa kuphela. Umzekelo uya kuba yibhaktheriya ebizwa I-Aphanizomenonfls-aquae. Ezi zifumaneka kumanzi amatsha kunye netyuwa. Yintoni egqithisile, Zikhule zisetyenziselwa isichumiso, ukwenza iziyobisi, okanye ukutya. Omnye umzekelo uya kuba yibhaktheriya ebizwa IArthrospiraplatensis, ikwabizwa ngokuba yiSparulinas. Zixhaphake kakhulu kumanzi akweleenjiko kunye nakweleenjiko. Ukongeza, sinokuzifumana emanzini anomxholo ophezulu we-carbonate.
ICyanobacteria: Izibonelelo kunye neeHarms
Njengezinye iibacteria ezininzi, icyanobacteria ibaluleke kakhulu kwindalo nakwindalo. Ngenkqubo ye-oksijeni ye-photosynthetic, banegalelo elibonakalayo kwi-oxygenation yomoya wokuqala. Ngaphandle kwalo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu, zezona kuphela izinto eziphilayo ezinokulungisa i-nitrogen esemoyeni. Obu buchule bubalulekile kwabo bantu bahlala kwi-symbiosis kunye ne-cyanobacteria, njengoko bebonelela ngezixhobo ze-nitrogen. Phakathi kwazo kukho ukungunda, iprotozoa, kunye nezinye izityalo. Inyaniso enomdla kukuba i-cyanobacteria ayinalo udonga lweseli kwi-lichen, esebenza njenge-chloroplast evelisa ukutya kweqabane labo.
Ngendlela efanayo, Ukufakwa kwe-nitrogen emhlabeni kubenza babe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizichumisi, kuba baphucula umgangatho womhlaba. Ngapha koko, i-cyanobacteria yayiyeyokuqala ngokwemveliso yeklorophyll A kunye no-B kunye nezinye ii-pigments ze-photosynthetic. Ikwangumanduleli weekloroplast kuzo zombini iintyatyambo zomhlaba kunye nobulembu.
Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki siyilibale loo nto ezinye iintlobo zecyanobacteria zivelisa ityhefu ethile eyingozi ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwindawo enye okanye ezisebenzisa amanzi apho ezi zinto zifumaneka khona. Iityhefu abazivelisayo zinokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo:
- Ityhefu: Bahlasela iiseli.
- I-hepatotoxic: Bahlasela isibindi.
- Neurotoxic: Bahlasela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Ihlabathi lezityalo zibanzi kwaye linomdla kakhulu. Umzimba ngamnye unegalelo kubuchule bawo ukuze i-ecosystem isebenze kwaye igcinwe ikwimeko entle. I-Cyanobacteria, ngaphandle kwetyhefu abanokuyivelisa, ziyinxalenye yeepilisi ezahlukeneyo ezingazukufana ngaphandle kwabo. Ukuthintela utshintsho olunokubangela ukunyamalala kweentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka sikhathalele iplanethi.