Yonke into oyifunayo kufuneka ube negadi ye-organic

Kule minyaka idlulileyo kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi kubonakala ngathi siyazikhwebula kwindalo. Kwiivenkile ezinkulu sifumana ukutya okucutshungulwayo, kubiza kakhulu, kodwa kunencasa eyenziweyo. Ukuba sifuna ukufumana iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye nencasa yokwenyani, kuya kufuneka sihlawule kabini. Unomdla omncinci, huh? Kodwa ke, andizukuthetha nawe malunga naloo nto, kodwa malunga ungayonga njani imali ekuthengeni ngoku khulisa izityalo zakho inkcubeko.

Ukuba unesiqwenga somhlaba, sisebenzise ukuze ube nezityalo eziza kukunika okumnandi kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, iziqhamo ezisempilweni kakhulu. Kule nto ekhethekileyo siya kukunceda lungisa igadi yakho yendalo, uyikhathalele kwaye uyigcine. Ungaphoswa 🙂.

Uyiqala njani igadi yendalo

Into yokuqala nephambili ukuyenza, ewe, kukulungisa umhlaba. Ukuba nomhlaba otyebileyo, ochumileyo, ngaphandle kwamatye, kubalulekile kwizityalo ukuze zikhule ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokucinga ukuba zeziphi izityalo ofuna ukuba nazo, kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

1. Susa imifuno, kodwa ungawasusi kwaye uwaphose emgqomeni, kodwa kunokuba uwasuse kwaye uwaphose kwimfumba yomgquba eya kuthi kamva isetyenziswe ukuchumisa (apha sikuxelela indlela yokwenza ngayo). Ukuba umhlaba mkhulu, ungasebenzisa i-motocultor.
2. Ngoku lixesha lokuba susa amatye, ngakumbi ezikhulu. Ukucoca amatye kuba ngcono.
3. Emva koko, siya kuqhubeka hlawula, ukugalela umaleko malunga ne-3-5cm ukutyeba kuwo wonke umhlaba, nokuwuxuba nomhlaba. Ukuba sele unawo umgquba owenzileyo, ungawusebenzisa, kodwa ukuba akunjalo, sebenzisa izichumisi eziphilayo, ezinje ngeentshulube eziza kuwudlalisa umhlaba, oya kuthi ube luncedo kakhulu kwizityalo.
4. (NGOKUZITHANDELA): Ukuthintela ingca ekukhuleni, ungabeka i-mulch emnyama yeplastiki enemingxunya yezityalo, iyathengiswa kwii-nursery nakwiivenkile ezikwi-intanethi.
5. Emva inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ifakwe, apho kule meko kucetyiswa ukunkcenkceshela, okanye ngemibhobho exuding. Eyokuqala icetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uhlala kwimozulu efumana imitha yelanga eninzi, apho kungekho mvula ininzi, kuba kuhlala kunzima ukuba umhlaba ukwazi ukufunxa amanzi awela kakhulu, njengaxa kukho izantyalantyala zemvula okanye unkcenkceshelwa ngombhobho wesintu; Kwelinye icala, ukuba kungokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu, kubiza imali encinci, kuba iwela kancinci, kwaye ayilahleki.
   Ukuphuma kwemibhobho yokunkcenkceshela ilungile kwizityalo ezincinci ze-horticulture, ezinje ngamaqunube, iletisi, ikhaphetshu, njl. Zizityhubhu ezizele ziindawo ezikhupha amanzi ngokuqhubekayo, zigcina umhlaba uhlala ufumile.
6. Ngoku, ngoku unako tyala izityalo ufuna, kodwa uzibeke kumgama ofanelekileyo ukuze zikhule kakuhle.

Izityalo zeHorticultural: ukuhlwayela, ukutyala kunye nokuvuna

Ukuhlwayela

Nje ukuba umhlaba ulungiswe, kufuneka siwugcwalise ngohlaza, ngezityalo. Kodwa kanjani? Kwiimarike zalapha ekhaya nakwiindawo zokugcina izityalo sifumana izithole ezinobungakanani obulungileyo ukuba zityalwe emhlabeni, kodwa Kutheni ungazihlwayeli ngokwethu? Ngale ndlela, siya konga imali encinci.

Ngale nto, into esiya kuyenza yile thenga imbewu ye organic Ekupheleni kobusika / entwasahlobo / nasekuqaleni kwehlobo (isityalo ngasinye sinexesha laso elifanelekileyo), esiza kutyalwa kwiitreyi zembewu kusetyenziswa indawo ekhulayo. Siza kubabeka kwindawo apho ilanga lithe ngqo kubo, kwaye siya kugcina umhlaba ufumile. Ziyakuntshula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye xa zimalunga ne-5cm ukuphakama, zingatyalwa egadini.

Ukutyala

Batyalwa njani? Inyani yile yokuba kuxhomekeke kubungakanani abaza kufikelela kubo bakube badala. Zihlala zityalwa kwimiqolo okanye ekumeni, ezizezona ndlela zimbini zisebenzisayo zokwenza uninzi lwendawo.

• Kwimigca: Zonke ezo zityalo zingaphezulu okanye zingaphantsi ubude, okanye ezifuna umhlohli, ezinje ngezityalo zetumato, iikhukhamba, ii-ertyisi, igalikhi, ... Umgama oshiyekileyo oyi-20-25cm usele phakathi kwezityalo.
• Ukugxadazela: ezo zihlala zisezantsi zityalwa ngendlela egxadazelayo, efana neletisi, i-endives, iikhaphetshu, amaqunube, isipinatshi, ... Umgama omncinci oyi-30cm uhlala ushiyekile.

Ukuvuna

Zininzi izityalo ezinokuvunwa kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, kodwa zikhona ezinye ezithatha ixesha elide. Sekunjalo, zihlala zithatha malunga neenyanga ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, ndiza kukuxelela ukuba zithatha ixesha elingakanani izityalo eziqhelekileyo kwigadi:

• Itswele: ityalwa ngoJanuwari / Februwari, ize ivunwe phakathi ehlotyeni.
• Iikhukhamba: Bahlwayelwa ngo-Epreli, kwaye bavunwa phakathi ehlobo.
• Ilethasi: Ihlwayelwe ngoFebruwari, kwaye ivunwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
• Iiradishes: Zingahlwayelwa unyaka wonke, ze zivunwe kwinyanga enesiqingatha kamva.
• Chard: Ihlwayelwe ekwindla / ekuqaleni kobusika, kwaye ivunwa entwasahlobo.
• Igalikhi: Ihlwayelwe ekuqaleni kobusika, kwaye ivunwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
• Amagqabi aluhlaza: Ihlwayelwe ekuqaleni kobusika, kwaye ivunwa entwasahlobo.
• IikhothoBahlwayelwa entlakohlaza, bavuna ehlotyeni.

Ukubaluleka kokujikeleza kwesityalo

Ngokuqinisekileyo ukhe weva okanye wafunda oku malunga nokujikeleza kwezityalo. Ewe, yinto ekufuneka yenziwe, okanye ubuncinci iyacetyiswa ukuyenza ukunqanda, kungekuphela nje ukuba umhlaba uphulukana nezondlo zawo, kodwa kananjalo ukuze izityalo zingabinazitshabalalisi zininzi okanye izifo ezakhe iintlobo.

Kukho uhlobo lwezityalo, iimbotyi (iimbotyi, iimbotyi, ii-ertyisi) ezilungisa iNitrogen ukusuka emoyeni ukuya emhlabeni, kungoko kwisizini ezayo ezinye iintlobo zezityalo zingatyalwa ukuze zikwazi ukuthatha ithuba le nitrogen kwaye zikhule ngokumangalisayo. Ke, Zijikeleziswa njani izityalo?

1. Iqela lokuqala: Kwisiqwenga somhlaba okanye ekoneni iimbotyi esele sizikhankanyile ngaphambili ziyakulinywa, kodwa kunye negalikhi, amatswele, ilike, ilethisi, isipinatshi, ichard, iseleri kunye neradishi.
2. Iqela lesibini: Kwenye, beka iikhaphetshu (zonke iintlobo: ikholifulawa, ihlumelo laseBrussels, ...), i-broccoli kunye nekhaphetshu.
3. Iqela lesithathu: Kwelinye, zonke izityalo ezikhuliselwe iingcambu zazo, ezinje ngeetapile, iminqathe, iitheniphu okanye ii beet, ziya kulinywa.
4. Iqela lesine: Kwelinye, izityalo ezingapheliyo ziya kubekwa, njengemithi yeziqhamo okanye amatyholo (iblueberry, isitrasi, njlnjl.) Kunye / okanye izityalo ezinencasa.

Unyaka wokuqala kunye nayo yonke iminyaka emi-4 kufuneka ilandelwe kolu luhlu, kodwa hayi yonke le:

• Ngexesha lonyaka wesibini, iqela lesibini kufuneka libekwe kwelokuqala, lelo leqela lesithathu kwelesibini, lize elelo lokuqala kowesithathu, oko kukuthi, bekuya kuba ngu-2, 3, 1, 4.
• Kunyaka wesithathu, abo beqela lesithathu baya kwelokuqala, abokuqala baye kowesibini, baze abo besibini baye kowesithathu, ngaloo ndlela beshiye u-3, 1, 2, 4.
• Ngexesha lonyaka wesine babebuyela kulungiselelo lokuqala, kwaye ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili baya kuqala kwakhona.

Izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo kwigadi yendalo

Ungaziphepha njani izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo

Izityalo zeHorticulture zingumzobo wazo zonke iintlobo zezinambuzane, ngelishwa. Nangona kunjalo, sinokwenza izinto ezininzi ukubaphepha:

• Kufuneka zigcinwe zinamanzi amaninzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe amatyeli aliqela ngeveki, ngakumbi ngexesha lasehlotyeni, kodwa kuthintelwe ukungena kwamanzi. Kwimeko apho uhlala kwiMeditera, okanye kwindawo apho ilanga linamandla kakhulu, unokunyanzelwa ukuba unkcenkceshele yonke imihla.
  Ungaze umanzise amagqabi, iziqu okanye iintyatyambo.
• Kubalulekile ukuba unkcenkceshele Umbhalisi. Xa isityalo sichume kakuhle, kunzima kakhulu ukuba sihlaselwe zizinambuzane. Ngesi sizathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uchumise ngezichumiso eziphilayo ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhula kunye neziqhamo.
• Izityalo akufuneki zityalwe kufutshane, kuba ngapha koko ukungavisisani okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamagqabi kunokuba ngaphezulu ukwanela kukungunda, iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane.
• Elinye inyathelo lokuthintela elisebenzayo ukudibanisa izityalo, kodwa oku kufanelekile icandelo ngalinye section.

Umbutho wezityalo egadini

Umbutho wezityalo ujonge ukunqanda, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuba igadi ihlaselwe zizitshabalalisi.

• Imifuno + Ikhalenda: ukulwa iintshulube, iimpethu kunye neencukuthu.
• Carrot + izityalo ezinevumba elimnandi (njenge-sage, rosemary okanye thyme): ukulwa neembovane kunye neeaphids.
• Utamatisi + ikonofile: ukulwa nokubola kunye nokubola kwetumato.
• ICucurbits + iNasturtium: ukulwa neentshulube, iiaphids kunye neenkumba.
• Imifuno + Chives: ukulwa nomhlwa.
• I-Leek + ikonofile: ukulwa iimpukane kwiileki.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umgama phakathi kwezityalo ukuze zikhule kakuhle zombini.

Ungaziphelisa njani izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo

Izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo ezibachaphazela kakhulu zezi:

IiParasites

• Zintwala: zizinambuzane ezincinci, ezingaphantsi kwe-0cm ubude, ezifunxa incindi yamagqabi neziqu. Uhlala ebonwa kunye neembovane. Inokulwa ngokubamba iincukuthu ezinamanqaku asixhenxe (ICoccinella septempunctata) kwaye uzibeke kufutshane nesityalo esichaphazelekayo. Kuya kubakho isidlo esikhulu!
• Uhambo: Zizinambuzane ezimalunga ne-2mm ubude, zimnyama ngombala, zikhumbuza ii-earwigs. Zingalawulwa / zidityaniswe ngokuseta imigibe eblue.
• Isigcawu esibomvu: ezi arachnids zincinci kakhulu. Ichaphazela zonke izityalo, ngakumbi ngexesha lasehlotyeni. Eyona nto icetyiswayo kukusika amalungu achaphazelekayo nokunyanga isityalo nge-Neem Oil.
• Impukane emhlophe: Kulula kakhulu ukuziqonda, ngakumbi xa sichukumisa iziqu. Ukulwa nayo kunye / okanye ukuyigcina iphantsi kolawulo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyale i-rosemary kunye / okanye ibasil, kwaye ubeke imigibe encangathi yeempukane ezimhlophe.

Amakhowa

• Umhlwa: Ibonakaliswa ngokubonakala kwee-pustules ezibomvu ngaphantsi kwamagqabi. Inokulawulwa ngokwenza ukumiliselwa nge-100 gram yehasheetail (i-Equisetum), kusetyenziswa i-1l yamanzi. Isetyenziswe ngesitshizi.
• Ubumuncu bolusu: Lubonakala ngokudala umaleko omhlophe emagqabini. Inokulawulwa kwakhona nge-infusions yehashe.
• Umbungu: Lubonakala ngokubangela amabala atyheli kuwo onke amalungu esityalo. Inokulawulwa, nokuba ithintelwe, ukuba umhlaba uphathwa entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla ngobhedu okanye isalfure, kodwa ukuba unezilwanyana zasekhaya, sebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwehasheetail ngcono.
• Bold: Ibonakala ngokubonakala kongqimba omnyama ogquma amagqabi, iziqu kunye neziqhamo. Ngundo onxulunyaniswa nobusi obufihlwe ziintwala kunye neempukane ezimhlophe, ke ezi zinambuzane zimbini kufuneka zinyangwe ukuze ukungunda kube buthathaka.

Virus

• Iintsholongwane zepatato: Uyazi ukuba unayo le ntsholongwane ukuba ubona ukuba imithambo-luvo yamagqabi iqala ukubonakala imnyama. Kulwelwa ngokususa ingca yasendle, kunye neendawo ezichaphazelekayo zezityalo.
• Intsholongwane yeTan: Le yintsholongwane enesidlulisi. Ibonakaliswa ngokubonakala kwamabala e-annular kumagqabi nakwiziqhamo, abazichithayo. Iitrips kufuneka zisuswe ukuze intsholongwane inyamalale.
• Iintsholongwane zetamatato mosaic: ivelisa imibala efana namabala e-green hues kumagqabi. Ukuthintela oku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sihlambe izandla zethu kakuhle xa sisiya kusebenza egadini.

Intsholongwane

• Ingqokelela yebacteria: Ibonakala ngokuvelisa amabala amade kumagqabi kunye neziqu, kunye namabala asetyhula kwiziqhamo. Eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo kukuthintela, ukunqanda ukusikeka okunzulu kunye namanxeba, kunye nokubeka unamathiselo wokuphilisa kuwo xa kuthenwa ngokuqatha.
• Ukumanzi okanye ukubola okuthambileyo: Ibonakala ngokubonakala kwendawo efumileyo kunye ne-opaque kwisiqhamo, esincinci siyabola. Ukuthintela oku, ukunkcenkceshela ukunkcenkceshela kuyadimazeka, kuba le yindlela yokunkcenkceshela ethanda iintsholongwane.
• Indawo yeAngular yeCucurbits: Lubonakala ngokudala izilonda emaphethelweni amagqabi. La mabala athi chu asasazeke, alihlube igqabi. Inokuthintelwa ngokuphepha ukufuma okungaphezulu.

Makhe ndikuxelele into ebalulekileyo malunga nezinambuzane kunye nokunye: ukuba yigadi yendalo, Kuyimfuneko ukuba kubekho. Kucetyiswa kuphela ukuba ubaphathe xa ichaphazela imveliso.

Kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngokukhethekileyo kolu hlobo lwegadi olumangalisayo Yonwabele impilo 🙂.