Iiglasi zeVersailles

Los Iiglasi zeVersailles Zizona zitiya zidumileyo zaseFrance, hayi eFrance kuphela, kodwa nakwilizwe liphela. Bahlala kwindawo enkulu, kwaye bahombise ibhotwe elibizwa ngegama labo. Ibhotwe elalihlala ookumkani abaliqela, nelabona izityalo ezininzi zityalwa ukusukela ekudalweni kwayo, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300 eyadlulayo.

Imbali yayo yeyokulawulwa kwendalo ngabantu, kodwa kunjalo uphawu oluphambili lokuba ungayifumana njani intsimi izele bubomi.

Umlando omncinci

Imvelaphi yeeGadi zaseVersailles inokufumaneka ngexesha likaKing Louis XIII. Ngo-1632 wathenga imihlaba ngelo xesha yayiyekaJean-François de Gondi, kwaye kungekudala emva kokuba ebenegadi zokuqala zephiko lasentshona eliyilwe Abalimi begadi abadumileyo belo xesha: UClaude Mollet noHillaire Masson. Kumele ukuba babemthanda kakhulu, kuba iskimu esisisiseko saqhubeka kwada kwada ngo-1660, xa ebandisile.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkcukacha ezikhoyo nangoku. Umzekelo, ii-axes zasempuma-ntshona kunye nasemantla-mzantsi eziwela kuwo, okanye iodolo ebekwe kwizityalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi thango.

Ngokufika kukaLouis XIV emandleni, Wayeneentlanganiso ezininzi noLouis Le Vau, owayengumphathiswa wezemali (uNicolas Fouquet), umzobi uCharles Le Brun kunye nomzobi womhlaba ogama linguAndré Le Notre. Isiqhamo sezo ntetho zingenakubalwa, IiGadi zaseVersailles zandisiwe zaze zalungiswa ngalo lonke ixesha lokulawula kwakhe.

Amanqanaba okwakhiwa kwakhona, ukusuka kwi-1662 ukuya kwi-1709

U-Louis XIV wanikezela ngenxalenye elungileyo yolawulo lwakhe kulwakhiwo lwegadi ezijikeleze Ibhotwe. Ngapha koko, kuye kufanele ukuba babonakale namhlanje.

Kodwa, njengawuphi na umyezo ofanele ityuwa yawo, yahamba ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okwakhiwa kwakhona:

• Unyaka 1662: Lo nyaka ubekelwe bucala ukwanda kweebhedi esele zikhona, kunye nokwenza ezintsha. Zizinto zokugxininisa iorenji, leyo yindawo apho imithi yeorenji inokukhuselwa ebusika; kunye neGrotto yaseTetis, ekumantla ebhotwe kwaye enxulumene noLouis XIV kwimifanekiso yelanga.
• Iminyaka eyi-1664 ukuya ku-1668: kule minyaka kwaqala isigaba sokwakhiwa kwemithombo kunye nokuhombisa iigadi ezinamahlathi, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo enxulumene neLanga kunye neApollo. Ukwakhiwa kweGran Canal kwaqala ngo-1668 kwaye kwagqitywa ngo-1671.
• Iminyaka eyi-1674 ukuya ku-1687: Ngaloo minyaka iigadi zaye zaya kwisitayile sendalo saya kwesinye sokwakha ngakumbi. Kwakhiwa amadama aneemilo zejiyometri, iOrangery yachithwa kwaza kwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhulu, kwaza kwalungiswa amahlathi amathathu.
• Iminyaka eyi-1704 ukuya kwi-1709: emva kweMfazwe Yeminyaka Elithoba kunye neMfazwe yokulandelelana kweSpain, amanye amahlathi aguqulwa kancinane kwaye anikwa amanye amagama awayenxulumene neminyaka yokugqibela kaLouis XIV.

Ubudala bokungaqiniseki (1715 ukuya ku-1774)

Ukusukela ngo-1715 ukuya ku-1722, uKing Louis XV wayengekho kwaphela kwiiGadi zaseVersailles, kwaye xa ebuyayo akazange afune ukuyihoya kakhulu, ephenjelelwa ngutatomkhulu wakhe, owamcebisa ukuba angaqalisi kumaphulo amakhulu okwakha. .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ayenzileyo kukugqiba ichibi laseNeptune phakathi kwe-1738 kunye ne-1741, kunye nokwakha iLe Petit Trianon, ebekwe kwi »Queen's Village». Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngo-1774, wafa.

Ukuzama ukutshintsha (1774 ukuya ku-1791)

Ngokunyuka kwe ULouis XVI Kwitrone yaseFrance, iigadi zaseVersailles zazama ukutshintsha. Le ndoda wayefuna ukuguqula igadi yesiFrentshi isisiNgesi; Ngamanye amagama, wenza konke okusemandleni ukwenza ukuba ibonakale indalo, ngaphandle kokutshintsha imeko yendawo kakhulu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto uninzi lwezityalo ezazityaliwe ngexesha lolawulo lukaLouis XIV zanqunyulwayo. Yintoni egqithisile, Iithango eziphilayo, ezazifuna ukuthenwa rhoqo, zatshintshwa yimithi enjengemithi ye-linden okanye i-chestnut emgceni.

Nangona kunjalo, wakhawuleza waqonda ukuba ubume bendawo bungamvumeli ukuba abe negadi yesiNgesi yesiNtu; ke ubuyile wayinika isitayile saseFrance, kodwa ewe, wasusa kuphela oko iingcali zakhe zamcebisa ukuba akususe. Umzekelo, umsebenzi IGrotte des Bains d'Apollon, yakhiwa kwihlathi elingesiNgesi elisagcinwayo nangoku.

I-Revolution kunye nexesha elizayo likaNapoleon

Unyaka we-1792 wawungunyaka ombi kakhulu kwiiGadi zaseVersailles. Eminye imithi yagawulwa emahlathini, kwaye iinxalenye zeGrand Parc zatshatyalaliswa. Ngethamsanqa, le meko ayikhange ibe nzima ukubulela umlawuli wegadi yezityalo uLouis Claude Marie Richard, owayethetha norhulumente esithi imifuno ingatyalwa kwiibhedi zeentyatyambo, kwaye kwiindawo ezazishiywe zivulekile imithi yeziqhamo inokutyalwa.

Yiyo loo nto sifika kwixesha likaNapoleon, owayehlala kunye ne-uKumkanikazi uMaria Luisa kwibhotwe. KwiiGadi, imithi emininzi yaqhubeka igawulwa, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umhlaba ukhukulisekile kwaye kwakufuneka kulinywe emitsha.

Ukubuyiselwa (1814-1817)

Ngo-1814 ukubuyiselwa kokuqala kwezitiya kwaqala ukusukela kwinguqu. Izityalo ezazimbi zazitshintshwa, iingxaki ezazinokulungiswa yimithombo kunye namachibi,… ngamafutshane, IiGadi zaseVersailles ngokuthe ngcembe zaphinda zalufumana uzuko lwazo ngeli xesha.

Ixesha elitsha (ngo-1886-ngoku)

Ngo-1886 kwafika UPierre de Nolhac njengomlawuli weMyuziyam yeeGadi zaseVersailles. Le ndoda yayingumphengululi omkhulu, kwaye Wazinikela kwinxalenye yobomi bakhe ekwazini, kwaye esazisa ngeencwadi awazibhalayo, ngembali yebhotwe kunye neegadi zalo. Kodwa ukongeza, wabhala ngendlela ekufuneka zibuyiselwe kwaye zigcinwe.

Ezi nqobo ziyalandelwa ngoku.

Zithini iimpawu zeGadi yaseVersailles?

Igadi zaseVersailles Zinommandla weehektare ezingama-800, ezihonjiswe malunga nemithi engama-200.000, kunye nezinye ezingama-210.000 zeentyatyambo ezityalwa minyaka le.. Ezi zityalo zisebenzisa umndilili wamanzi angama-3600 eekyubhi zamanzi. Ukuba ufuna ukubandwendwela, kuya kufuneka uye kwi-Place d'Armes, eVersailles, eFrance.

Yintoni ongayibona?

Ukubona kunye nokuzonwabisa kwiiGadi zaseVersailles ngamava angalibalekiyo. Unokubona izityalo, kucacile, uninzi lwazo. Kodwa nezinye izinto ezizakwenza ukuba uyithande indawo. Umzekelo:

Ilali yaseKumkanikazi

Ilali yaseKumkanikazi ikwiLittle Trianon, kwibhotwe laseVersailles. Yakhiwa nguMarie Antoinette ngo-1782, owayekhangela indawo anokubaleka kuyo enkundleni kunye nemithetho yayo. Wayelangazelela ukuba akwazi ukukhokela ubomi kufutshane nendalo, kwaye akwazi ukulibala ukuba wayeyindlovukazi. Ke, Kwakhiwa izindlu ezilishumi elinambini, nganye kuzo yayinegadi yazo yeziqhamo, igadi yeziqhamo, okanye igadi yeentyatyambo.

Umjelo oMkhulu waseVersailles

Ngommandla weehektare ezingama-24 kunye neemitha ezimbini ubunzulu, lelona chibi likhulu kuyo yonke iVersailles. Yakhiwa nguAndré Le Notre phakathi konyaka we-1666 nowe-1679, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1979 yabhengezwa njenge-UNESCO njengeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi, kunye nezinye iiGadi kunye neNdlunkulu.

UTrianon omkhulu

IGreat Trianon, okanye iMarble Trianon njengoko yaziwa njalo, yayalelwa ukuba yakhiwe ngo-1687 phantsi kukaLouis XIV. Yenziwe yintendelezo, ibhotwe, izitiya kunye namachibi. Nge-20 ka-Agasti ka-1913 yabhengezwa njenge-Monument yaseFrance.

Ucinga ntoni ngeeGadi zaseVersailles? Ingaba wakhe wa?