Imvelaphi, indaleko kunye nokhathalelo lweCacti

Ngaba uyayithanda icacti? Makhe ndikubalisele ibali lakhe imvelaphi yakhe. Amaxesha amaninzi sidlula phambi kwezityalo zethu ezithandekayo ezinameva, kwaye iyasibetha ukuba zohluke kakhulu kwezinye izityalo: azinamagqabi okanye amasebe, kwaye iingcambu zazo ziyancipha kakhulu xa sizithelekisa, umzekelo, Yentyatyambo edlamkileyo njenge-dimorfoteca.

Kule nto ikhethekileyo uya kufumanisa ukuba yintoni eyenza uninzi lwethu luzive lunomnqweno onzulu wokuba nabo emakhayeni ethu, ngokunjalo loluphi unonophelo abalifunayo ukuze bahlale beqaqambile Kwaye banako, ngenxa yoko, ukukunika iintyatyambo zabo ezintle.

Umvelaphi

Kwintsapho yaseCactaceae sifumana iindidi ezingama-73 zezityalo ezikhula kancinci, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwemiphetho, eziye zaqhelana nokuhlala kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu nalapho zisuka khona. Nangona sinokucinga ukuba bavela eMzantsi Afrika, kuba zininzi ii-cacti zentengiso ezivela kwimbewu yeentlobo ezivela apho, inyani kukuba ungothuka. Ngokwenyani, Zonke ii-cacti esizaziyo namhlanje zinemvelaphi efanayo eyi-tropical America. Ewe Ewe. Kukholelwa ukuba babumba ilizwe elidala ngenxa yeentaka ezifudukayo, ezazisitya iziqhamo zazo ezimnandi, kwaye zagcina imbewu esiswini sayo de ..., de zaziva zikhululekile. Yiyo loo nto izizukulwana ezizayo zazinohambo olukhululekileyo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke kukhuselekile, ukusukela, ukumanziswa ngokusisigxina, Ngexesha lohambo ukusebenza akuzange kulahleke.

Olunye uphawu kuzo zonke ezi zityalo zihle kangaka, nokuba ziphi na, yile areola, nto leyo engaphaya kwesakhiwo apho ameva, amasimi, kunye neentyatyambo zihlala zivela.

Ukuguquka kwemvelo

Ukuvela kwe-cacti kwaqala, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, eMzantsi Melika, malunga neminyaka engama-40 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwixesha lePaleozoic. Ngelo xesha ilizwekazi laseMelika lalimanyene kubo bonke abenza umhlaba wethu namhlanje. Imozulu yayihlala ishushu, into eyayithanda ukukhula nokukhula kwezityalo ezinamagqabi. Kodwa, kwinqanaba elithile, yoma ngakumbi. Ukusuka kolu tshintsho, izityalo ezinomdla zavela, ifana kakhulu nePereskia (Kumzekeliso, baya kuba ngabesibini ukusuka ekhohlo). Olu luhlobo lwakudala oluye lwasinda ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla kwaye lugcina phantse zonke iimpawu ze-cacti yokuqala eyayihlala eMhlabeni, oko kukuthi, inamagqabi, eyenza i-photosynthesis ifane naso nasiphi na isityalo "esiqhelekileyo", kwaye kunjalo ii-areolas apho kuvela ameva amancinci; Ngaphandle kweentyatyambo ezintle kakhulu, jonga:

Inqaku elinomdla elinokumangalisa ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba akukho cacti ihlala kwilizwekazi laseAfrika. Ewe, siya kufumana izityalo ezimnandi eziguquke kwiindawo ezikufutshane neentlango, kodwa akukho nanye yecacti. Kungenxa yokuba i-cacti yavela eMelika xa amazwekazi ahlukaniswa kukuhamba kwelizwekazi, malunga neminyaka engama-50 ezigidi eyadlulayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwecacti

I-cactus kunye nomntu okokoko kwabonakala oku, bebesondele kakhulu. Umntu uzisebenzisa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Itya iziqhamo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nezo Opuntia leukotricha, I-Opuntia ficus indica (I-prickly pear, enye ye-cacti ezimbalwa esele yenziwe eSpain, ngakumbi kwingingqi yeMeditera) okanye ezo IHylocereus undatus (eyaziwa ngcono njenge pitahaya).
• AmaNdiya aseMntla Melika, ngakumbi lawo aseMelika, thatha ithuba lembewu del ICarnegiea gigantea (eyaziwa ngokuba yiSaguaro okanye iGiant Cardón) ukubonelela ngomgubo wayo.
• Basebenzisa imicu yeCephalocereus yokugcwalisa imitya.
• Njengekama AmaNdiya aseCahita-Yankee asebenzisa ameva e IPachycereus pecten-aboriginum.
• Ziyabonakala ukuba ziluncedo njenge izichumisi zendalo.
• Zikulungele njengoko izityalo zokuhombisa, nokuba kungayigadi yohlobo lwentlango okanye kuyo nayiphi na ikona yekhaya.

Izityalo ezisengozini yokuphela

Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zininzi zisetyenziswayo, kwiindidi ezingama-73 phaya, Ezili-15 zisengozini yokuphela ngokweCITES . ukuzithengisa kwiimarike kwaye ke ufumane isixa esikhulu semali.

Ngesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba, ukuba ufuna ukufumana isityalo esisesichengeni sokuphela, qiniseka ngaphambi kokuba idlule kulawulo lweCITES, okanye yintoni efanayo: kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba isityalo sivela kwimbewu yecactus engabiwa kwindawo eqala kuyo kwaye, ukuba ikho, ibisoloko iphantsi komthetho.

Phakathi kwabo bakwimeko engaginyisi mathe:

• Uhlobo lweCopiapoa
• UTrichocereus pachanoi
• Uhlobo lweLophophora
• I-Astrophytum asterias

Unonophelo lweCacti

Sitshintshe isifundo kancinci ukugxila ngoku kwi uyakhathala Ukuba ezi zityalo zintle zifuna indawo yazo efanelekileyo, ukunkcenkceshela, uhlobo lomhlaba, imozulu ... kuba, kungenjalo siza kuphelela ekuchitheni imali.

Ke, masiqale:

Unkcenkceshelo

Kuhlala kucingwa ukuba ezi zityalo zikhula kwiindawo ezihlala entlango, zishushu, kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke, zomile kakhulu. Kodwa ngamava am ndingakuxelela lonto bayawathanda amanzi. Ngapha koko, ndihlala phi xa kunetha ... kuyanetha ngokwenene, oko kuthetha ukuba izitrato zikhukula ngoko nangoko ... kwaye kunjalo igadi. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngo-2010, kunethe ngendlela yokuba icacti ebendinayo, ebikwibhodi eyenziwe ngomthi malunga ne-40cm ngaphezulu komhlaba, ibiphantsi kwamanzi ngokoqobo de umhlaba wawufunxa, ubuncinci imizuzu emi-5. Kwakungekho kude kube ngoku ukuba ndiqonde ukuba kutheni. Isizathu esinye esicace gca… sidlule nje kum: yimvula. Yintoni imononoon? Ngokusisiseko utshintsho lonyaka kwicala lomoya. Imvula, ininzi kakhulu, izisa, ngokokutsho komntu osele ekhulile onomdla we-cacti, zezona zinesondlo.

Ke, kufuneka ubagalele kangaphi? Iya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezikhulayo, kodwa ndihlala ndicebisa vumela i-substrate yomile phakathi kwamanzi. Nge-cacti encinci, kuya kufuneka silawule ngakumbi, kwaye sinamanzi rhoqo, kodwa kungcono ukuhlala ixesha elifutshane kunokuya kude kakhulu. Kanye ngonyaka, bakhukula ngokupheleleyo ngekhe babenzakalise, kodwa ukuba sigcina i-substrate yonke imihla ifumile, siza kuphulukana nayo.

sezulu

Eyona mozulu intle ye-cacti yeyona ikufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindawo ehlala kuyo. Ngelishwa, kwimimandla emininzi sinokuba nemozulu engenaqabaka ... kodwa yomile kakhulu kuyo, into eza kusinyanzela ukuba sibankcenkceshele.

Kukwabalulekile ukwazi ukuba kukho uhlobo oluxhasa iqabaka elikhanyayo kunye nelifutshane (ukuya kuthi ga kwi -3º Celsius), njenge-Echinocactus, i-Ferocactus okanye i-Trichocereus, kunye Zonke kufuneka zibekwe kwilanga elipheleleyo. Ukuba uhlala kwimozulu epholileyo, ungabagcina ngaphakathi ukuba banokukhanya okuninzi kwendalo.

Uhlobo zeendawana

Sonke siwele kwisilingo sokuthenga i-substrate elungiselelwe i-cacti, akunjalo? Nangona zinokuba luncedo kwimozulu ezithile- ngokubanzi zifumile -, kwezomileyo, lo mxube womhlaba unotyekelo lokudibanisa okuninzi, apho i-cacti ingayi kubavumela ukuba bakhule kakuhle. Yeyiphi oyisebenzisayo?

Ngokwenyani, unokuxuba i-peat emnyama kunye ne-perlite kwiindawo ezilinganayo, kodwa ukusuka apha ndingathanda ukukucebisa ukuba kulo mxube ukongeza i-15% yesanti yomlambo kunye ne-5% ye-humid humus. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba: I-40% ye-peat emnyama, i-40% ye-perlite, i-15% yesanti yomlambo kunye ne-5% ye-humus humus.

Ukupasa

Isichumisi sibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izityalo, njengoko iyinxalenye esisiseko "yokutya" kwabo (ukuba ndingathetha), kunye namanzi. Izityalo zifuna ukondla yonke imihla, kuba izondlo ezifumaneka kwiingcambu ezivela kwi-substrate (kwaye, ngenxa yoko, nakwicompost) zinokuqhuba imisebenzi yazo ebalulekileyo, njengokuphefumla. Abalinganiswa bethu abakho ngaphandle, ke kuyakufuneka ukuba sibafamise amaxesha ngamaxesha kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula, oqala entwasahlobo uze uphele ekwindla.

Ngokubanzi, sinokuhlukanisa iindidi ezimbini zezichumisi: ezo zivela kwimichiza kunye nezendalo. Nabani na oya kugcina i-cactus iphilile, ke kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba ufuna ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kancinci, kwimeko apho izichumisi zamachiza kwifom engamanzi zicetyiswa ngakumbi; Okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba awungxami okanye ukhetha ukusebenzisa iimveliso zendalo, ungasebenzisa iguano okanye umgquba wehashe umzekelo, okanye umgquba.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

ICacti, njengazo zonke izityalo, inokuchaphazeleka zizitshabalalisi kunye nezifo. I-Aphids, i-mealybugs, okanye isigcawu esibomvu zintathu zezona ntshaba zixhaphakileyo zecacti yethu esiyithandayo; kodwa Amakhowa ePytophtora nawo angayenza into yawo ukuba unengxaki yokuntywila.

Ukwazi oku, kunye nendlela ukuthintela okungcono kunonyango, Siza kwenza unyango kube kanye ngeentsuku ezili-15 nge-Neem Oil, kwaye siyakugcina icactus inkcenkceshelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ichumise. Kwimeko yesibetho, siya kwenza ukumiliselwa kwegalikhi kwaye sisicofe isityalo; kodwa ukuba ihambele phambili kakhulu, Ndicebisa ukuba usebenzise isibulali zinambuzane esisebenza kunye neChlorpyrifos.

Kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku i-cactus ekhethekileyo. Ingaba uyithandile? 🙂