Imithi yeeperile (iPyrus)

Los IPyrus bayimithi emihle kakhulu enokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezilinywa zombini egadini nakwiigadi, nakwiimbiza ezinkulu.

Ntwasahlobo nganye zivelisa iintyatyambo ezonwabileyo, zombala omhlophe omhlophe, kwaye kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva koko nabani na uya kuba nakho ukutya iziqhamo ezisandula ukukhiwa. Bazi.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zePyrus

Umlinganiswa wethu ophambili Uhlobo lwemithi kunye namatyholwana amancinci amancinci Yenziwe malunga ne-30 yeendidi zemveli yemimandla eshushu yeYurophu neAsia. Uninzi lukhula phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-17 yeemitha ukuphakama, kodwa kukho ezinye ezifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20, ezinje nge IPyrus pyraster okanye iperile yasendle, kunye nezinye ezihlala phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-12 yeemitha, ezinje nge IPyrus nivalis okanye umthi wepere wekhephu.

Amagqabi ayatshintshana, ovali, petiolate kwaye abukhali, enobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-10 cm ubude. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezibizwa ngokuba yi-corymbs, kwaye zimhlophe. Nje ukuba badutyulwe, qala ukuvelisa iziqhamo ezinokutyiwa ezibizwa ngokuba ziipomos ezithatha imilo ejikelezileyo okanye ebumbeneyo, ngobukhulu obuqala kwiisentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6.

Iintlobo eziphambili

Zezi zilandelayo:

IPyrus bourgaeana

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pyrutane okanye ipeyari yasendle, ngumthi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 yeemitha ukuphakama eyinzalelwane yehlathi laseMeditera. Ivelisa iziqhamo ezincinci, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3cm ubude nge-2cm ububanzi.

IPyrus calleryana

Eyaziwayo njengepeyari yeentyatyambo okanye i-C gallery pear tree, ngumthi ophakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-20 yeemitha ukuphakama Inzalelwane yase China. Iziqhamo zayo zincinci, zingaphantsi kwe-1cm ubukhulu, yiyo loo nto ingasetyenziswanga njengesityalo esityiwayo kodwa njengesihombiso.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iintyatyambo zeeperile (iPyrus calleryana)

IPyrus communis

Eyaziwayo njengepeyari yaseYurophu okanye ipere eqhelekileyo, ngumthi ophakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-10 yeemitha ukuphakama owazalelwa eMpuma Yurophu naseAsia Minor. Amapere ayo anobungakanani obulungileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6cm, kunye nencasa emnandi.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Pear (iPyrus communis)

IPyrus cordata

Eyaziwayo njengepeyari yasendle yaseAtlantic, sisihlahla esiphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 yeemitha ukuphakama Inzalelwane yengingqi yeAtlantic yeFrance kunye neIberia Peninsula. Isetyenziswa njengesityalo sokuhombisa kuphela, kuba isiqhamo sayo sincinci kakhulu kwaye siyakrakra.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ipeyari yasendle (Pyrus cordata)

IPyrus pyraster

Ikwaziwa njenge pear yasendle, yi umthi ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-20 Mde Inzalelwane yakuMbindi naseMpuma Yurophu, kunye nase Mzantsi mpuma Asia Iziqhamo ezivelisayo zilingana neesentimitha ezili-10.

IPyrus pyrifolia

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-nashi, i-pear yase-Asia, i-pear yase-Japan, i-pear yase-Korea, i-pear yase-Taiwan kunye nepeyile ye-apile, ngumthi wemveli e-Asia ifikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15. Iziqhamo zayo ziyafana kakhulu nama-apile, kodwa olu hlobo alunanto yakwenza nemithi yeapile (Malus yekhaya).

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

UNashi (Pyrus pyrifolia)

Luluphi unonophelo abalufunayo?

Ukuba ufuna iPyrus okanye ipere kumyezo wakho okanye kwigadi yeziqhamo, sicebisa ukuba uyikhathalele ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ubicación

Soloko ungaphandle, kwilanga elipheleleyo okanye kwindawo eqaqambe kakhulu. Azizizo izityalo ezinokuhlala ngaphakathi okanye emthunzini. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba bafuna phakathi kwe-900 kunye ne-1500 yexesha lokubanda ebusika ukuze bakwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yeentyatyamboKucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba basebenzise i-substrate yegadi yasezidolophini, njengale bayithengisayo apha.
• Jadini: Zikhula kwimihlaba etyebileyo ngezinto eziphilayo kwaye zitsaliwe.

Unkcenkceshelo

Rhoqo. Amanzi umndilili wamaxesha ama-3-4 ngeveki ehlotyeni, kwaye zonke iintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 kulo lonke unyaka.

Umbhalisi

Ngentwasahlobo nehlobo, kunye nezichumisi eziphilayo okanye ezenziwe ekhaya, ezinje ngomgquba, umbungu humus, okanye umgquba weenkomo, phakathi kwabanye.

Ukutyala okanye ukutshintsha ixesha

Ngentwasahlobo, xa umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile. Kwimeko yokuba unayo ebhodweni, thabatha yonke iminyaka emi-2-3.

Ukuphindaphinda

Imithi yeeperile ziyanda ngembewu nangokomilisela.

Imbewu

Zityalwa entwasahlobo, umzekelo, kwiitreyi zezithole ezine-substrate zezithole (ziyathengiswa apha). Zama ukubeka ezimbalwa kwi-alveolus nganye, hayi ngaphezulu kwe-2-3, kwaye uwagqume ngomaleko omncinci we-substrate. Okokugqibela, iyankcenkceshelwa kwaye ibekwe ngaphandle, emthunzini.

Ziza kuhluma malunga nenyanga.

Imisebenzi yobugcisa

Iifom zeBud zenziwa ekwindla-ebusika kwezi patheni zilandelayo:

• UFranco: uxhathisa umhlaba we-limestone kakuhle.
• Umthi weQuince: uhlala usetyenziswa ngenxa yokufana kakhulu kwezityalo ezimiliselwe.
• Amagqabi ebirch (IPyrus betulaefolia): ngumthi womthonyama e-China, apho kukhethwe khona umgca wokumelana kakuhle nomhlaba owomileyo kunye nokumelana ne-aphids.

Inyathelo nenyathelo lokulandela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, kufuneka wenze i-T-shaped incision in the pattern, kwaye ngoncedo lwe-trowel ye-knife, hlula i-bark ngaphandle kokufaka uxinzelelo oluninzi.
2. Ngoku, yenza i-longitudinal cut ye-3 centimeter, ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, ujikeleze isikhupha, nakwindlela eya ecaleni.
3. Emva koko, faka i-gusset kwi-incision, kwaye uyihlengahlengise kangangoko unako ngokucinezelwa kancinci.
4. Okokugqibela, yibophe ngeplastiki ukuqala ngezantsi kwehlumelo, unike ithuba elininzi. Xa ugqibile, yenza okufanayo ngentla apha.

Ukuba yonke into ihambe kakuhle, kwisithuba esingaphantsi kwenyanga (ngesiqhelo, emva kweentsuku ezingama-20) uya kuba nakho ukususa iiplastikhi.

Izinambuzane

Unokuba Isigcawu esibomvu, ibhere bug, pear worm, pear meleta, I-san jose intwala, iziqhamo zimpukane kunye noJanus del peral.

Ungayinyanga ngeemveliso zendalo, ezinje ngesepha ye potassium.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Zeziphi iimveliso zendalo zokunyanga izinambuzane ezisebenzisayo?

Izifo

Iyaxhathisa, kodwa inokuchaphazeleka i-mottled kunye nokubola komthi wepere.

Ukugcina lo mthi ukhathalelwe kakuhle kwaye ufakwa isichumiso, kuya kuba nzima ukuba ugule, kodwa ukuba uyawenza, wunyange ngefungicides.

Ukuvuna

Kuxhomekeka kwindidi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwekwindla.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Yonke iPyrus iyamelana neqabaka, ubuncinci ukuya kwi -7ºC, kodwa iindidi zaseAsia zihlala kwindawo ezise -18 -C.

Iindidi zeeperile zicetyiswa kakhulu ukuba zisetyenziswe

Ukuba ujonge iintlobo zokutyala egadini yakho okanye uneembiza, jonga kwezi sikubonisa zona ngezantsi:

UBlanquilla

Ikwaziwa ngokuba imhlophe ivela kwiAranjuez okanye ipere yamanzi, ivelisa amapere amade, i-oblong in shape, kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza ngombala. Impuphu yayo imhlophe, iswiti kwaye inevumba elimnandi. Ixesha lokuvuna lisekupheleni kwehlobo.

Yithenge apha.

UCastell

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiSanjuanera okanye iSan Juan, iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezinemveliso ephezulu kunye namapere amancinci, acocekileyo, aluhlaza-tyheli kunye nepinki. Inyama imhlophe, iswekile, kwaye inamanzi amaninzi. Zivunwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Yithenge apha.

Inkomfa okanye iNkomfa

Ivelisa amapere obukhulu obungqindilili, obude kakhulu, ohlaza-tyheli ngombala kunye nomhlophe-tyheli, inyama entle kunye nejusi. Imuncu kancinci, kodwa imnandi. Zingavunwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla.

Yithenge apha.

U-Ercolini

Luhlobo lweeperile olunemveliso kakhulu oluvelisa iziqhamo eziphakathi ukuya kwezinkulu ezinemilo edibeneyo, emthubi otyheli okanye bomvu ngombala. Inyama imhlophe, intle kakhulu, iswekile, kwaye iyanyibilika. Ixesha lokuvuna lisekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Yithenge apha.

Ipeyinti yegadi encinci yemifuno

Luhlobo olufanelekileyo lwemifuno yokukhula ezimbizeni okanye kwizitiya ezincinci ezivelisa amapere aluhlaza anobukhulu obulungileyo, kunye nenyama emhlophe kunye nencasa enuka kamnandi nencasa zivunwa ekupheleni kwehlobo.

Yithenge apha.

Ngaba unesibindi sokuba nePyrus? 🙂