Siza kuthetha ngohlobo oluyinzalelwane yamasimi endalo e-Uruguay kwaye esebenza njengendalo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kumhlaba wendalo ohlaziyiweyo. Malunga nayo I-Paspalum notatum. Isetyenziswa njengengca eluncedo kakhulu ngokuchasene neendawo ezinamazinga aphezulu embalela kwaye efuna ukugcinwa kancinci. Yeyethu iqela lengca kwaye sisityalo sehlobo esingapheliyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ukusetyenziswa kunye nomdla we I-Paspalum notatum.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Sisityalo esiliqela lengca kwaye sifumaneka kumabala endalo. Inemveliso ephezulu kwimbewu kwaye iyasebenza. Inesiqu sohlobo isitokhwe eyinika amandla amakhulu okulinywa ngokusisigxina kuba inamandla amakhulu emveliso. Inokuba yinto efanelekileyo yehlobo okanye njengendidi yokufumana iindawo zendalo ezihlaziyiweyo. Ukuba i-ecosystem ihlazekile ukutyisa kakhulu okanye ukugqitha kwinqanaba lezolimo esi sityalo sinokuwubuyisa umhlaba.
Njengoko sisazi, kwezolimo kukho ukulima okungaphaya kokutya kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula enokonakalisa umhlaba kunye nokuthotywa kweemeko zendalo. Kukule meko apho ifayile ye- I-Paspalum notatum inokusinceda ukuba sidibanise inkqubo yemfuyo ngendlela enemveliso. Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo oku kunokwenzeka, sinokwenza uninzi lwezixhobo zamandla. Uncedo olunikwa sesi sityalo ukubuyisa iindawo ezihlaziyiweyo kukuba inesakhono esikhulu sokwenza ikholoni ngothungelwano olubanzi lweerhizomes ezimfutshane. Imveliso yayo yefula ingahluka phakathi ko 1500-2000 kgMS / ha unyaka wonke xa sele ityaliwe. Inokufikelela kwinqanaba le-6000 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200kgMS / ha kule minyaka ilandelayo.
Ukuze ifikelele kula maxabiso emveliso, kufuneka ifikelele kwiimeko zokufuma okuphezulu kunye nokuchuma okufunekayo. Ireyithi yokukhula komndilili kwiinyanga zasebusika nasentwasahlobo imalunga ne-45kgMS / ha / d, Ukufumana ukukhula okuphezulu kwe-90 ukuya kwi-100kgMS / ha kwisiqingatha sesibini sikaJanuwari. Ngamaqabaka okuqala asebusika, ahlala engawona anamandla, isityalo siphulukana nefula eluhlaza kunye namahlumela avela kwiirhizomes. Sele ikwisigaba sesibini sokukhula xa iqala ngamandla kwaye yenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthobha nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe I-Paspalum notatum
Ixabiso lesondlo sesi sityalo liyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubungakanani bokutya okuqokelelweyo. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, iyahluka ngokobungakanani bee-inflorescence ezikhoyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izityalo zeqela elinye, ulwakhiwo luthetha ukuba umququ wedlelo ufumaneka ikakhulu ngeebhleyidi eziluhlaza kunye neembumba ezimbalwa. Imveliso yembewu ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yobungakanani kunye noxinano Iipanicles eziveliswa ukusukela phakathi kuDisemba ukuya kuFebruwari.
Intwasahlobo lelona xesha licetyiswayo lokuhlwayela kuba zifikelela kumaqondo obushushu amahle kwaye zihluma ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho ukumiliselwa okunempumelelo ngexesha lokuwa, ngakumbi xa inxulunyaniswa nezinye iintlobo ezikhula kwindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Ukuhlwayela kumhlaba osele kulinyiwe, ukulima ngqo ngokuthe ngqo, zezona ndlela zicetyiswayo zokusetyenziswa kwe I-Paspalum notatum. Kwaye iyakwazi ukubuyisa kwaye iphinde ihlaziye iimpawu zomhlaba phantse kuwo wonke.
Kufuneka kukhethwe indawo engenakhula ukuze kulungiswe kakuhle isiza sokutyala. Isityalo sinokugubungela, kufuneka senziwe kusetyenziswe ubuncinci beherbicide obunokubakho ukuze ungaphinde uqhubeke utshabalalise umhlaba. Ukuxinana kwembewu kufuneka kulungelelaniswe ngokusekwe kulwazi lwembewu. Kuya kufuneka sijonge malunga ne-150 yembewu kwaye sithethe ngemitha nganye yesikwere yomphezulu. Ukuchumisa kokuqala kufanele kubandakanye isichumiso esinezibini ukusukela ukubakho kwe-phosphorus kunye ne-nitrogen kunceda ekwandiseni amandla ezityalo. Inokuphuculwa kancinci ekuqaleni kodwa notyalo-mali oluphezulu kwinkqubo yeengcambu. Oku kugxininiswa kwizityalo ezenziwa ngexesha lekwindla.
Imbewu inendawo eleleyo kwaye kuqhelekile ukuba ibone ukukhula okude emva komhla wokuhlwayela. Ngesi sizathu, kulindeleke ukuba indawo yokutyala isengxakini yokukhula kwangoko. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, iyenzeka kuba yingca yasehlotyeni.
Izinto eziluncedo ze I-Paspalum notatum
Enye yeenzuzo zokusebenzisa le ngca kukuba inokusetyenziswa njengokutya. Inexabiso lesondlo elihlala liphezulu xa likhula. Ixabiswa njengesininzisi sokhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nokulula kokusekwa kunye nokuzingisa ukuhlala kakuhle. Ukumelana nembalela, kuyacetyiswa kwabaninzi imihlaba ewohlokileyo kungekuphela ngenxa yokutyisa okugqithisileyo kunye nokulima ngaphezulu, kodwa nangemihlaba ethwaxwe yimbalela. Olu londolozo luphantsi, ngenxa yoko lufuna inkathalo encinci. Ingxaki yam ngobugqithisi phambi kwezinambuzane eziyingozi zitsala kancinane nasiphi na isifo.
Ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwayo kakhulu, isetyenziswa eMzantsi Melika njengamadlelo eenkomo. Inokusetyenziselwa ingca yegadi kwimimandla ithotyiwe ngakumbi kuba inamandla amakhulu olwandiso. Ukubanakho ukwandisa indawo yokuhambisa ngokulula, inokusetyenziswa njengesityalo sokugquma.
Umsebenzi wokudityaniswa kwe I-Paspalum notatum umhlaba ubandakanye uvavanyo lokuqala lokuqala lokwenza owona mzuzu wokuhlwayela ukuze uthathe ithuba lokukhula kwawo okuphezulu. Ukusukela ekuqaleni zikhula kancinci, Unyaka wokuqala uvumela ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kohlobo, nangona kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ngoku emadlelweni ukuze unciphise ukhuphiswano lwakho nolunye utyani olunokuthi lukhule ngokukhawuleza. Ukusukela kunyaka wesibini kuxa ukucetyiswa kwe-nitrogen kucetyiswa ngohlobo lokuba kuncede ukonyusa imveliso yefula kunye nokunyusa inani leprotheni ekuyo. Inani lokuchumisa liyakufakwa ngokolawulo lwamanzi olukhoyo ngexesha lokukhula kunye nenani lefula evunyiweyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga I-Paspalum notatum kunye neempawu zabo.