Um-oki weHolm (Quercus ilex)

El I-Quercus ilex Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha i-shrub, enokukhuliswa kwiigadi ezinkulu okanye ezincinci. Ukukhula kwayo kuyacotha, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha inika umthunzi omnandi kakhulu. Ukongeza, iziqhamo ezivelisayo ziyatyiwa.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ungayikhathalela njani, sukuyeka ukufunda 🙂.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu

Luhlobo lwendalo kummandla weMeditera, ofunyanwa phantse kuyo yonke iIberia Peninsula, iBalearic Islands, uMntla Afrika, iFrance ne-Itali. Ikwakhula ngamanqaku e-UK. Iyaziwa ngegama lesayensi I-Quercus ilex, kunye nokufutshane okufutshane okanye okufutshane, i-holm oak, i-holm oak okanye i-alzina.

Ikhula ukuya kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezili-16 ukuya kuma-25, kunye nekomityi embhoxo ekuqaleni ethi ijikelezwe ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inokuhlala njengesihlahla semitha esi-3-5, ngakumbi ukuba umhlaba unamatye kakhulu okanye awunazondlo zaneleyo, okanye ukuba imvula ina kancinci.

Amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza, esele emthini umyinge weminyaka eyi-2,7 ngaphambi kokuba ithathelwe indawo yiminye emitsha. Unobumba obunesikhumba, kwaye ziluhlaza mnyama kumphezulu ophezulu kwaye zikhaphukhaphu ngaphantsi. Xa isencinci inameva elunxwemeni, kwaye xa sele indala inawo kumasebe asezantsi. Ngesi sizathu, kwimo yayo ebushushu idideka ngokulula neholly.

I-dioecious, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho iinyawo zowasetyhini neenyawo zobuduna. Intyatyambo yobukhomokazi incinci, iyodwa okanye ngamaqela amabini, o-orenji-tyheli xa sele ikhulile ezobudoda zibonakala zixhonywe kwaye zityheli. Isiqhamo sisiqhamo somthi, esimalunga ne-2-3cm ubude kwaye sinekepusi egubungela phantse isiqingatha saso. Ngokubanzi, kuthatha i-avareji yeminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ukubanakho ukuvelisa iziqhamo okokuqala ukusukela oko imbewu yahluma.

Iintlobo eziphambili

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-oki, ezona ziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• UQuercus ilex 'Rotundifolia': okanye iQuercus rotundifolia. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-holm oak ebanzi, i-oki eswiti okanye i-sweet acorn holm oak, ngumthi osoloko uluhlaza we-8 ukuya kwi-15 yeemitha ukuphakama komthonyama kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, eMantla e-Afrika, kwezinye iindawo zaseFrance kwaye ezinye ze-United Kingdom.
• UQuercus ilex 'Ilex': Ekuqaleni zivela kwezinye iindawo zaseFrance nakwezinye iMeditera, ezinjengeBalearic Islands okanye i-Itali.

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Ukuba ufuna ukuba nekopi, sicebisa ukuba uyikhathalele ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ubicación

Ngumthi ekufuneka ubenjalo ngaphandle, kwilanga elipheleleyo okanye kwi-semi-shadow. Ayinazingcambu zingenayo, kodwa ifuna indawo yokukhula ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ityalwe ubuncinci i-5-6 yeemitha kude nemibhobho, imihlaba egangathiweyo kunye nezinye izityalo ezide.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: Isebenzisa indawo yokukhula yendalo iphela exutywe ne-30% ye-perlite, kodwa ayisosityalo esinokugcinwa kwisitya sobomi bayo bonke.
• Jadini: I-okm ye-holm ikhula kwimihlaba e-siliceous okanye yelitye lekalika, ecoliweyo

Unkcenkceshelo

Sisityalo esixhathisa imbalela kakuhle, kodwa ngaphandle kokugqitha. Ukuze ikhule kakuhle kwaye kufanelekile ukuyinkcenkceshela rhoqo okanye ehlotyeni, ukuthintela umhlaba ukuba ungomi kwaphela, kwaye zonke iintsuku ezi-4 ukuya ku-5 kulo lonke unyaka.

Kwaye kunjalo, ewe, ivela kwiMeditera kwaye ngenxa yoko iyaziguqula ngaphandle kwengxaki ukuze ihlale kwiindawo apho ihlobo lome kwaye lifudumele kakhulu kwaye ubusika bunobulali, kodwa ukuba unoncedo, nokuba lincinci, uya kuba ngcono icimile.

Ngapha koko, ukuba unokuthandabuza, jonga ukufuma komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba unkcenkceshele. Kule nto ungasebenzisa imitha yokufuma yedijithali okanye ufake intonga yomthi ebhityileyo.

Umbhalisi

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ngasekupheleni kobusika / ekuqaleni kokuwa ungayihlawula kube kanye ngenyanga nge Izichumisi zendalo, njengeguano (ungayithenga apha nge powder kwaye apha ulwelo) Umzekelo, ulandela imiyalelo echazwe kwiphakheji.

Ukuphindaphinda

El I-Quercus ilex iphindaphindwa ngembewu okanye ngeengcambu entwasahlobo. Masibone ukuba ungaqhubeka njani kwimeko nganye:

Imbewu

1. Kuqala kufuneka ugcwalise imbiza malunga ne-13cm ubukhulu nge-substrate ekhulayo yendawo yonke kwaye uyinkcenkceshele kakuhle.
2. Emva koko, kubekwe iimbewu ezimbini ubuninzi embindini, zigqunywe ngumaleko omncinci we-substrate.
3. Emva koko ubhedu okanye isalfure ziyafefa ngaphezulu.
4. Emva koko, zigqunywe ngomaleko omncinci we-substrate kwaye unkcenkceshele kwakhona, ngeli xesha ngesitshizi.
5. Okokugqibela, imbiza ibekwe ngaphandle, emthunzini.

Ziza kuhluma kwiinyanga ezi-1-2.

Iingcambu ziyadubula

Iingcambu zengcambu zizithole eziphuma ecaleni kwesityalo esingumama. Ukuzehlulahlula, kuya kufuneka wenze imisele malunga ne-20cm ubunzulu, kwaye uyisuse ngokulula. Emva koko batyalwe kwiimbiza ezizodwa okanye egadini, ze bankcenkceshelwe iiarhente zokwenza ukhula ekhaya de kubonwe ukukhula (kuhlala kuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa).

Ukuthena

Ekupheleni kobusika ungathenakakhulu. Kufuneka sisuse amasebe awomileyo, agulayo okanye abuthathaka, kunye nokusika lawo akhula kakhulu.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Iyaxhathisa kakhulu ngokubanzi, kodwa isesichengeni sokuhlaselwa yiyo imibungu yokuchaswa (Itortrix kunye neLimantria), kunye noko kubizwa ngokuba yi oki eyomileyo. Akucaci ukuba zeziphi izizathu zokugqibela, kodwa ukuba umthi ufumene unikezelo lwamanzi rhoqo kwaye emva koko unengxaki yembalela, kungenzeka ukuba ube nexesha elibi kakhulu ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba semngciphekweni wokufa.

Ukuthintela iingxaki, kubalulekile ukuthatha unonophelo olufanelekileyo lwe-Quercus ilex, ukuyinika amanzi kunye 'nokutya' (isichumisi) nanini na xa kukho imfuneko, kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke ukungasebenzisi izihlahla.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Inqaba iqabaka ukuya kuthi ga -12ºC, kodwa ayisosityalo esinaso kwimozulu yetropiki.

Isebenzisa ntoni?

• Umhlobiso: Sisityalo esihombisa kakhulu, ekuhambeni kwexesha sinika umthunzi olungileyo. Ukongeza, inokuthenwa ukuyinika ityholo okanye imilo yebhonsai.
• UkutyaIi-acorn zisetyenziswa njengesixhobo semfuyo emadlelweni, kodwa ziyatyiwa ngabantu.
• Madera: isetyenziselwa ukwenza amalahle, kunye nokwenza iziqwenga ezinokumelana nokuxubana okuphezulu njengeenqwelo okanye amakhuba.
  Amaxolo ayaxatyiswa ngokushuka isikhumba, ngakumbi eMorocco.

Ucinga ntoni nge I-Quercus ilex?