Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye sezitshabalalisi esihlala sihlasela yomnquma kunye nemithi yeamangile. Imalunga nayo isibhorha. Ezi ziqongqothwane ezinokuthi, ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwazo, zikwazi ukufikelela kwi-8 yeemilimitha kwimeko yabantu abadala. Zihlala zihlasela izityalo ezinobukhulu obuphakathi nobukhulu obufana nezihlahla kunye nemithi yesundu. Ukongeza, inokuthi ihlasele neminye imithi yokuhombisa efana neeconifers kunye nemithi yeziqhamo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ezona mpawu ziphambili ze-borer kwaye loluphi olona nyango lusebenzayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ezi zinambuzane ezinemibungu enokulinganisa ngaphezu komntu omdala. Umzimba wayo udibeneyo kwaye wahlulwe ngombala wekrimu. Xa ifikelela ekuvuthweni zijika zibe mnyama ngombala omdaka. Iyabonakala ngemihlathi eyomeleleyo kwaye iintlobo zihlala zijikeleza rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye zithatha iminyaka emibini ukuyigqiba.
Inokuhlasela ezinye izityalo ezibuthathaka ngokugqobhoza amaxolo azo nokungena kuwo ukwakha iigalari zazo. Eyona njongo iphambili yokwakha iigalari ngaphakathi kwemithi kukubeka amaqanda ngowasetyhini. Xa abancinci bezalwa, banokwenza ezinye iigalari ngelixa bekwinqanaba lesibungu. Oku kubangela ukuhlaselwa okwahlukileyo kumthi omnye obangela ezinye iimpawu ezinje ubumthubi bamagqabi namasebe achaphazelekayo. Singabona nokuba isithsaba somthi somile njani kwaye, xa umboko womile, uhambelana nokufa kwawo wonke umthi.
Isitshabalalisi se-Olive borer
Esi sinambuzane sineentlobo ezimbini zezinambuzane ezisapho lweCurculionidae. Igama le-borer linikezwe ngendlela abenza ngayo imingxunya emithini.
Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba losuleleko, umonakalo odalwe zezi qongqothwane unokuba mncinci okanye wenze umonakalo omkhulu kwimveliso yomnquma. Iigalari ezivelisa iborer kwixolo lomnquma zibangela ukusika kokuhamba kwencindi kwaye kubangele ukuba amasebe aqale ukuma.
Ukuchonga ukuba imithi yethu yeminquma ichaphazeleka yibhorha kufuneka sijonge ezinye zeempawu eziphambili. Eyokuqala kukuwa kweminquma kunye nokomiswa kwamahlumelo. Ukongeza, inokumisa amanye amasebe abalulekileyo omthi womnquma obangela ukuba isivuno siwele phantsi. Ukwahlulahlula kwi-verticillosis yomnquma kufuneka jonga kwaye ufumane imingxunya emincinci enemingxunya.
Ukunyanga iminquma kunye ne borer kufuneka sigxile ekuphandeni loo minquma ingenamandla amancinci. Imithi yeminquma emidala okanye engaphezulu iya kuba nethuba lokuhlaselwa. Benza oku kuba banokwenza lula ukwenza iigalari kwixolo.
Unyango lwe-Olive borer
Ukuthintela ukosuleleka kwe-borer kufuneka siphucule imeko yomthi womnquma ukuze ungahlaseli:
- Siyakwazi ukuqonda ababhalisele ukunceda ngeemfuno zezimbiwa yomnquma.
- Siza kuyonyusa umngcipheko wenkxaso ukuze ungabinalo naluphi na uhlobo loxinzelelo lwamanzi.
- Ukuhlaziya amasebe kunye nokuwathintela ekubeni buthathaka, sinokufaka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze ukuthena kwakhona. Oku kuyakusinceda ukuba isibhorashi asihlaseli amasebe amadala sibona ithuba lokwenza iigalari.
- Singawatshabalalisa loo masebe aneempawu zokwakhiwa kwegalari. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zinambuzane zecoleopteran zihlala zinezinga eliphezulu lomsebenzi phakathi kwenyanga kaMatshi nango-Meyi.
Enye indlela yokunyanga iborer kukusetyenziswa konyango lweekhemikhali. Singazisebenzisa izibulali zinambuzane ezigunyazisiweyo ezinje nge-dimethoate kodwa kuyacetyiswa kuphela ukuba isifo siphezulu. Ingxaki ekusetyenzisweni kwezi khemikhali kukuba inokubulala nezinambuzane ezizingelayo ze-borer. Ezi zinambuzane zinoxanduva lokuzingela ngokwendalo ezi zinambuzane kwaye kunjalo UCheiropachus quadrum, uRaphitelus maculatus, kunye no-Eurytoma morio.
Isibhokhwe seAlmond
Isibhori sinokuchaphazela nokulinywa kweamangile, itsheri, iplum kunye nezinye iintlobo zemithi yeziqhamo ezinamatye kunye nemibhobho. Ezi zinambuzane azifani nezihlasela umthi womnquma, kodwa zezosapho lakwaScolytidae. Banobude obuphakathi phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 mm xa bekwimeko yabantu abadala kunye nomzimba ojikelezayo. Asinako ukwahlula amadoda kubafazi. Ngokuchasene noko kwenzekileyo nge-olive borer, imibungu ye-alimondi borer ilinganayo kwaye imhlophe ngombala. Abanayo imilenze.
Njengomthi womnquma, loo mialmondi isesichengeni kakhulu yile ibuthathaka. Le bhungane inemibutho emibini yonyaka. Isizukulwana sokuqala siqala isigaba saso sotshintsho ngenyanga ka-Epreli. Abantu abadala sele bephumile ngaphandle kwegalari ngenyanga kaMeyi. Abafazi beborer ngunobangela wokwenza iigalari kumasebe abuthathaka okanye kweyona mithi ibolileyo.
Isizukulwana sesibini senzeka phakathi kwenyanga ka-Agasti ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo. Abantu abadala bahlala betya kumasebe emithi enamandla. Ingxaki kunye nomonakalo owenzayo kukuba, emva kokondla, banokomisa ezona ndawo zinemveliso yomthi. Yile ndlela izivuno eziqala ngayo ukuncipha kwaye umthi uqala ukubuthathaka ngakumbi nangakumbi. Olunye lweempawu esinokuthi siqonde ukuba umthi wom-amangile uchaphazeleka yibhorha kukuba amanxeba afumanekayo ngethuba lokondliwa kwemibungu ahlala ekhupha i-exudate yencindi ngokuhambelana okufanayo naxa ene intlaka.
Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwemithi yeamangile, ulawulo lwesi sifo lwenziwa. Kuba behlasela eyona mithi ibuthathaka, sinako ukwenza unyango ngezichumisi ezilungileyo, ukuthenwa kwala masebe abuthathaka ukomeleza esi sifo. Ngale ndlela siya kunciphisa umngcipheko womthi wom-amangile ochaphazelekayo. Siyakhumbula ukuba umntu obhinqileyo uthanda ukwenza iigalari zakhe kula masebe abuthathaka.
Sinokususa zonke iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ukunqanda ukosuleleka. Okokugqibela, kukwakho nolawulo lweekhemikhali nangona kungasoloko kusebenza kakhulu kuba abantu bakhuselwe yi-cortex. Unyango lwekhemikhali luquka ukusebenzisa iDeltamethrin ngeentsuku ezili-14 zexesha. Olu nyango lusebenzela i-borer yomthi womnquma.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesi sifo.