Isithsaba (Raphanus sativus)

El isithombo Ingcambu yesityalo sokulima esikhula kakuhle egadini nasezimbizeni, ukuba nje le yokugqibela ibanzi kwaye ingaphezulu kwayo yonke inzulu.

Kodwa, Zithini iimfuno zakho? Yintoni ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukuze ufumane isivuno esifanelekileyo?

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngayo yonke loo nto, kubalulekile ukuba wazi iimpawu zesityalo, kuba ngale ndlela siyakwazi ukuba singakanani indawo esikuyo, kunye nenye idatha enokubangela umdla. Njengokuba. Sisityalo sonyaka esineentlobo ezimbini okanye ezi-biennial -kuxhomekeke kwimozulu- ye-eurasia ene-taproot eyomeleleyo. Ifikelela kubude obumalunga ne-20 ukuya kwi-100cm, kunye nokuma okuncinci kunye nokuncinci..

Amagqabi asisiseko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30cm, petiolate kwaye avele enze iirosisi; kwaye ezi zingasentla ziyi-ovate okanye i-oblong-lanceolate. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe ngokwamaqela ali-10-50, kwaye zimhlophe-zipinki okanye zimfusa. Iziqhamo zi-silique (iziqhamo ezomisiweyo ezomileyo) ezingama-30-60 ubude nge-6-12mm ububanzi. Imbewu imalunga ne-3-4mm ubude, kwaye imdaka xa ivuthiwe.

Iindidi zeradishes

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo esigqamisa kuzo:

Yentwasahlobo

Babizwa ngokuba ngabaseYurophu nabo. Ixesha lokukhula lihlala malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokuba imbewu ihlwayelwe, kwaye incasa yayo ithambile.

• I-Cherry belle: inkulu, ingqukuva kwaye ibomvu. Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-28 ukukhula.
• I-Scarlet Globe yokuqala: Yenziwe ibhaluni, kwaye ibomvu ngokuqaqambileyo. Ivunwa malunga neentsuku ezingama-23.
• Ikhandlela lomlilo: Ingqukuva, ibomvu ngombala, inombala omde okanye odibeneyo. Kukhula kwiintsuku ezingama-25.

Ntwasahlobo-ehlotyeni

Zizi-radishes ezinokuhlwayelwa kwasekuqaleni ukuya ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kwaye zivunwa kude kube lihlobo.

• Isidlo sakusasa saseFrance: bubomvu obomvu obunencam emhlophe kunye nobume obude. Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-23 ukukhula. Ewe kunjalo, kufuneka uyihlwayele ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuba iyabuthanda ubushushu behlobo.
• Ii-Icicles: yiradish emhlophe emide kunye ne-conical emhlophe emalunga ne-10cm ekhula malunga neentsuku ezingama-25.

Ebusika

Zingaba ziJapan, amaTshayina kunye neYurophu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhulu, yiyo loo nto zifuna ixesha elininzi lokukhula, phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-50-70. Zihlala zityalwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo / ekuqaleni kokuwa.

• I-China Rose: yi-pinki kunye ne-radish edibeneyo, ekhula kwiintsuku ezingama-52.
• I-China i-radish emhlophe okanye emhlophe: Inkulu kwaye inde, kwaye ithatha iintsuku ezingama-60 ukuba ivunwe.
• Umdaka omnyama: ikwabizwa ngokuba yiradish yasebusika, inemilo erhangqiweyo kwaye inkulu ukogqitha abanye. Kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-55 ukukhula.

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda indlela yokuyikhulisa kwipatio yakho okanye egadini, sicebisa ukuba ugcine oku kulandelayo engqondweni:

Ubicación

Sisityalo esithi yibulele ukuba kwindawo ekhanyayo, nangona ikwaqhelana nomthunzi ophakathi. Ngayiphi na imeko, kufuneka ihlale ingaphandle.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: sebenzisa i-mulch (yithenge apha). Isikhongozeli kufuneka sibe banzi, ubuncinci sibeyi-40cm ububanzi, kwaye sinzulu. Olunye ukhetho inokuba kukubeka ngaphezulu amavili amabini, kwaye usebenzise isiqwenga semingxunya kunye nelaphu lesinyithi njengesiseko.
• Isiziba semifuno: kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlaba ngaphambi kokuhlwayela. Kule nto, kufuneka ususe ingca kunye namatye, uchumise ngezichumisi ezifana nomgquba, faka inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela kwaye wemba imiqolo yokuqhubeka nokuhlwayela okanye ukutyala.

Unkcenkceshelo

Ubuninzi bokunkcenkceshela kufuneka bube phakathi kwaye buqheleke, kodwa kuthintelwe ukungena kwamanzi. Ngokubanzi, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, Iya kunkcenkceshelwa amaxesha ama-2-3 ngeveki entwasahlobo kunye namaxesha ama-4 ngeveki ehlotyeni.. Ngapha koko, ukuba unokuthandabuza, jonga ukufuma komhlaba ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela, umzekelo ngokufaka intonga yomthi ebhityileyo (ukuba iphuma icocekile xa uyikhupha, ungankcenkceshela).

Umbhalisi

Ngalo lonke ixesha lonyaka igalelo le isichumiso sezinto eziphilayo kunye / okanye ekhaya. Ke, ayizukuswela nasiphi na isondlo kwaye iya kuba nakho ukukhula ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuphindaphindeka komradi ngembewu entwasahlobo, ngokulandela eli nyathelo ngenyathelo:

Kwibhedi yembewu

1. Okokuqala, itreyi yezithole (enje ithengiswa apha) igcwele indawo yokukhula yendalo iphela.
2. Emva koko, unkcenkceshelwa ngesazela.
3. Emva koko, imbewu ezimbini ubuninzi zihlwayelwa kwisokethi nganye.
4. Emva koko zigutyungelwe ngumaleko omncinci we-substrate.
5. Okokugqibela, iyankcenkceshelwa kwaye ibekwe ngaphandle, emthunzini okanye elangeni.

Ukutshintshwa

Ungazihambisa kwiimbiza ezinkulu okanye kwigadi xa zimalunga ne-5-7cm ukuphakama.

Egadini

Ukuzihlwayela ngqo egadini kufuneka uqale umbe imiqolo malunga ne-15cm ubunzulu, ushiye umgama oyi-20cm phakathi kwayo. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ubeke imbewu ushiye ukwahlulwa malunga ne-20-25cm.

Okokugqibela, bagqume ngomhlaba omncinci kwaye uqalise ukunkcenkceshela ngokuvuza.

Imbewu iya kuhluma kwiiveki ezi-1-2.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Iyaxhathisa, kodwa inokuchaphazeleka:

• Zintwala: zizinambuzane ezincinci kakhulu, zingaphantsi kwe-0,5cm, ezitya iiseli zamagqabi neentyatyambo.
  Unako ukulwa nabo nge-diatomaceous earth okanye i-potassium soap.
• Umbungu wekhaphetshu: izibungu zebhabhathane UPieris brassicae zitya amagqabi kunye neziqu. Ungayilwa nesinambuzane sendalo esifana nesi Bacillus thuringiensis Uthengisa ntoni apha.
• Ngumbungu: sisifo esibangelwa kukungunda okwenziwa sisidleleli ngokubonakala kokumhlophe okanye ukungunda okumhlophe okanye umgubo kumagqabi, iziqu kunye neziqhamo.
  Kuyaliwa ngokulawula umngcipheko kwaye, ukuba uyafuna, ukwenza unyango lokuthintela / lokunyanga ngefungicides yendalo, enjengesalfure. Bona ifayile.
• Umdaka omnyama: izibungu zenundu Spodoptera littoalis bondla kumagqabi, kodwa ungayiphepha le nto kwaye uthintele nomnye umonakalo nge Bacillus thuringiensis. Kuyaliwa nayo IChlorpyrifos, kodwa ukubulala izinambuzane kuyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo (nakubantu) andikucebisi.

Ukuvuna

Njengoko sele sibonile ngaphambili kwi »iintlobo zeradishi», kuxhomekeka kakhulu kukwahlukahlukana, kuba kobusika ngabo bathatha ixesha elide ukuba bakulungele. Kodwa kwi-avareji, malunga neentsuku ezingama-30-40 baya kuba.

Yintoni ekusebenziseni i-radish?

ICulinario

Inokusetyenziswa okuninzi ekhitshini: kwiisaladi kunye nezibheno, njengesinongo, kwaye nangamagqabi omisiweyo unokulungisa iisuphu.

Unyango

Iimpawu zayo zonyango zinomdla kakhulu, kuba inegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-thyroid, kunye nayo ngumchamo kunye nokwetyisa.

Ucinga ntoni ngomsizi?