I-Prunus, imithi eneentyatyambo ezintle

Kwiitropiki basikelelwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi eneentyatyambo ezintle; Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla eshushu singenanto ingako, kukho izityalo ezithile ezithi, xa iintyatyambo zazo zithathe isigqibo sokuhluma, zibe yinto ebonakalayo yendalo. Omnye weyona mithi mihle ngu Prunus.

Nokuba loluphi na uhlobo, yi- Ukutyala esinokuthi sibe nekona elungileyo lomthunzi kunye novuyo olukhulu entwasahlobo. Njengokuba oko kwakungonelanga, kukho iintlobo ezininzi esinokusizolisa ngazo esiswini. Ke, ukuba sithathela ingqalelo konke oku, asinakuyeka ukubhala inqaku elikhethekileyo elinalo lonke ulwazi malunga naye, iPrunus.

Ukuhanjiswa kwePrunus kunye neempawu

Umlinganiswa wethu ophambili luhlobo lwemithi enqabileyo ngokubanzi okanye izihlahla (zilahla amagqabi ekwindla-ebusika kwaye zihlume kwakhona entwasahlobo) eyeyosapho lwezityalo iRosaceae. Zikhula ngokwendalo kwimimandla eshushu kwihlabathi liphelangakumbi evela eYurophu naseAsia. Kukho iindidi ezilikhulu zeentlobo ezamkelweyo kwezingama-100 ezichaziweyo, ezineempawu ezilandelayo:

• Amagqabi: enye, elula, ipetiate kwaye ihlala icocwa.
• Flores: i-hermaphrodites, yodwa, i-fasciculate okanye i-umbelliform cymes (yi-inflorescence eneentyatyambo ezilinganayo ubude obufanayo) okanye i-racemiform (i-inflorescence ene-stalk enkulu yeentyatyambo ezivela kuyo ezinye ekugqibeleni iintyatyambo zihluma) . Zimhlophe okanye zipinki ngombala.
• Isiqhamo: yidrupe ekufunyanwa kuyo imbewu enye okanye ezimbini. Inyama okanye umgubo obakhuselayo uqhele ukutyiwa (iblackthorn, iplum), kodwa ngamanye amaxesha womile (i-almond).
• Imbewu: Zilinganisa phakathi kwe-1 ne-2cm, zingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, zimdaka ngombala.

Ngaphakathi kuhlobo kukho ii-subgenres ezintandathu, ezi:

• i-amygdalus (ipesika kunye neamangile): zinamahlumela axillary ngokwamaqela amathathu.
• IiKhamera (itsheri): ineehlumelo ezizimeleyo kunye nembewu egudileyo.
• ILaurocerassus: ihlala iluhlaza (ihlala iluhlaza unyaka wonke), kwaye inamahlumela e-axillary odwa. Imbewu yayo igudile.
• I-Lithocerasus (dwarf cherry trees): zinamahlumela axillary ngokwamaqela amathathu, nembewu egudileyo.
• UPadus: banee-inflorescence zeklasta, amahlumela e-axillary odwa kunye nemidumba yembewu egudileyo.
• Prunus (Iapilkosi okanye ipilkosi, kunye neplam): zineehlumelo ezizimeleyo, kunye neembumba ezirhabaxa zembewu.

Uninzi lweentlobo ezilinywayo emhlabeni

Ukuhombisa

IPrunus cerasifera  

Yiyo umthi onqabileyo Eyaziwa ngokuba yiplum yegadi, i-cherry yokuhombisa okanye i-cherry-plum, eyinzalelwane yombindi mpuma weYurophu. Ikhula ukuya kubude obuphezulu de 15m. Amagqabi ayo abukisa kakhulu, kuba amhle ngombala obomvu krwe.

Ukongeza, nangona ikhuliswa njengehombo, sisityalo esineziqhamo ezityiwayo. Ngapha koko, unokwenza ijam kunye nabo. Kwaye ukuba le ayizukuphelela ekubeni inomdla kuwe, xelela loo nto ukumelana nokubanda ukuya -7ºC.

IPrunus cerasifera var. pissardii

Luhlobo lwe IPrunus cerasifera eyaziwa ngokuba yiplum emfusa-ishiye iplamu yeyasePersi. Imalunga ne- umthi onqabileyo ekhula phakathi I-6 kunye ne-15 yeemitha Mde.

IPrunus laurocerassus

Eyaziwa ngamagama iRoyal Laurel, uCherry Laurel okanye uLauroceraso, ngu i-shrub enkulu okanye umthi omncinci ohlala uluhlaza enokufikelela kubude Iimitha ezili-10. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo kwaye, ukuba iimeko zilungile, inokwenza nokuwa.

Ihlala isetyenziswa njengothango okanye ukugcwalisa izikhewu. Sisityalo esikunyamezelayo ukuthena kakuhle, kwaye siyamelana nengqele kude kube -10ºC.

IPrunus lusitanica

Eyaziwa njengeAzarero, uLaurel de Portugal, uLoro okanye uPalo de loro, le yi i-evergreen shrub okanye isityalo se-arboreal efikelela kubude obufikelela kwi 8 mitha Inzalelwane yasePortugal, iCanary Islands kunye noMntla Afrika. Iintyatyambo zayo zincinci kodwa zininzi kakhulu, zimhlophe kwaye zinamakha.

Iyamelana nengqele kude kube -10ºC.

IPrunus mahaleb

I-Saint Lucia Cherry yi isihlahla esinqumlayo okanye umthi Inzalelwane ekuMntla Afrika, kumbindi nakumazantsi eYurophu efikelela ukuphakama ukuya kwiimitha ezili-10. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ezivelisayo zinokuhombisa kakhulu, ukongeza, ekuhambeni kwexesha zinika umthunzi olunge kakhulu.

Ukumelana ukuya -7ºC.

Prunus umyeni

Iapricot yaseJapan okanye iPlum yaseTshayina yi umthi onqabileyo imvelaphi yase China ethi, emva kokuba isiwe eKorea nase Japan, ikwazile ukwenziwa la mazwe kula mazwe. Ifikelela kubude obufikelela kwi 10 mitha. Ivelisa iintyatyambo ezintle, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa ngaphezu kwako konke ukuhombisa; Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwe isiqhamo siyatyiwa, kodwa sinencasa ekrakra.

Ukumelana ukuya -7ºC.

IPrunus padus

I-cluster cherry, i-cherry okanye i-alder, i-cerisuela okanye i-pado cherry yi umthi onqabileyo eyinzalelwane yamahlathi afumileyo aseYurophu, eNtshona yeAsia naseMantla eAfrika ekhula aye kubude be 6-7 yeemitha. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zilungelelaniswe ngamaqoqo amade, axhonyiweyo, anika isityalo ukubonakala okumangalisayo.

Iyamelana nengqele kude kube -7ºC.

Prunus serrulata

Yaziwa ngcono njenge itsheri yaseJapan okanye itsheri yaseJapan, yi umthi onqabileyo owazalelwa eJapan, Korea nase China okhula aye kubude 6-7 yeemitha. Olunye uhlobo olunomdla kakhulu, kuba xa lidubula amasebe alo afihlwe ngasemva kweepalali kwaye kubonakala ngathi inesiqu kunye neentyatyambo kuphela.

Melana de -15ºC.

IPrunus serrulata 'Kanzan'

Luhlobo lwe cherry yase Japan ezalelwa eJapan, China nase Korea ekhula ibe ziimitha ezi-6-9. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele, inani elikhulu leentyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki ziyahluma.

Inkcubeko

Prunus armeniacaaca

Umthi weapilkosi, okwaziwa ngokuba yiapilkosi, iapilkosi, iapilkosi okanye ialbergero, yi umthi onqabileyo oyinzalelwane yase China, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan nase Syria ezikhula zide 3-6 yeemitha. Iintyatyambo zimhlophe, kwaye iziqhamo ziyidrupe etyiwayo etyiwa intsha, kwaye ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza ijam.

Iyamelana nengqele kude kube -10ºC.

IPrunus avium

El Itsheri Yiyo iziqhamo ezinqabileyo owazalelwa eYurophu naseNtshona yeAsia. Ikhula ukuya kubude beemitha ezingama-30, nangona kulimo akuvumelekanga ukuba kudlule 6-7m. Iintyatyambo zinombala omhle omhlophe, kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo eyona nto itsalela ingqalelo zeziqhamo zayo: iitsheri, ezinokutyiwa zintsha zivela kwisityalo, kwijem, nkqu notywala kwenziwa ngazo zibizwa ngokuba yimaraschino.

Ukumelana ukuya -15ºC.

IPrunus yekhaya

Iplum ngu Umthi onqabileyo ukuya kwi-6 yeemitha ubude owazalelwa eYurophu nakwintshona yeAsia. Ngumthi omhle onokusetyenziselwa ukuhombisa igadi kunye negadi yeziqhamo, kuba iintyatyambo zawo ziyamangalisa kwaye iziqhamo zawo zinencasa emnandi, kangangokuba zigqitywe zintsha kunye nakwiijusi okanye ijem.

Ukumelana ukuya -12ºC.

Prunus insititia

I-Prunus insititia, egama layo linzululwazi IPrunus domestica subsp. kwiziko, ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeplamu eyaziwa ngokuba yiplum yasendle, idamascene iplamu, iDamasko iplamu okanye inkulu emnyama yaseSyria. Yahlukile kumthi weplum ngawo iziqhamo, ezincinci, nangenxa yombala wolusu lwabo, olususela kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwi-indigo.

IPrunus dulcis

El iamangile lincinci umthi onqabileyo Imvelaphi evela kwimimandla yeentaba zoMbindi weAsia, ikwazile ukwenzeka ngokwesiqhelo kwiMeditera. Fikelela kubude obuphezulu Iimitha ezili-5. Iziqhamo zaso, iiamangile, zityiwa zintsha, nokuba kungokutyiwa kwiidessert okanye kukutya okulula.

Ukumelana ukuya -5ºC.

IPrunus persica

Umthi wepesika okanye wepesika yi umthi onqabileyo imvelaphi yase China, Afghanistan ne Iran. Ifikelela kubude be 6-8 yeemitha. Ngexesha lasentwasahlobo, phambi kokuba amagqabi ahlume, iintyatyambo ezintle ezipinki ziyadubula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumthi omhle wegadi ... kodwa nomthi wegadi, kuba iziqhamo zawo zimnandi kwaye zinokutyiwa zintsha.

Ukumelana ukuya -7ºC.

IPrunus spinosa

Mnyama Sisitshalo esinameva esinqabileyo nesinameva esikhula sibe ziimitha ezi-4 ukuphakama imvelaphi yaseYurophu. E-Spain yaziwa ngokuba yi-sloe okanye i-arañón kwiindawo ezisemantla peninsula, nase-Abruños okanye e-Ameixa Brava kwiindawo zase-Galicia. Iziqhamo zayo zityebile kwifayibha, kwaye zikwangumthombo ogqwesileyo wepotassium, isinyithi kunye necalcium. Zingatyiwa zintsha, kodwa zenze ijam, ijeli kunye nokulungiselela pacharán.

Inqaba ukubanda kunye neqabaka kude kube -10ºC.

Uzikhathalela njani?

Emva kokubona imimangaliso emininzi, uziva ngathi unayo, akunjalo? Kodwa, ukuze ube sempilweni ngokugqibeleleyo kufuneka wazi ezinye izinto ukuze ube nakho ukubanika olona nyango lusemagqabini, yile nto ndiza kukuxelela yona ngoku:

• Ubicación: Zizityalo ekufuneka zibengaphandle, kwilanga elipheleleyo. Kwimeko apho ufuna umthi we-cherry waseJapan kwaye uhlala kwingingqi yeMeditera (okanye ngemozulu efanayo), ndingacebisa ukuba uyibeke emthunzini ukuze ingabi nexesha elibi ehlotyeni.
• Umgangatho: kufuneka ibe nomsele olungileyo, njengoko inovakalelo kwiingcambu zokubola. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba i-pH engathathi hlangothi okanye encinci (6-6,5).
• Unkcenkceshelo: rhoqo. Kukho iintlobo ezithile, ezinje nge P. dulcis, ezinyamezela kancinci imbalela, kodwa ziya kukhula ngcono ukuba zinkcenkceshelwa amaxesha ama-3-4 ngeveki ngexesha leenyanga ezishushu nangaphantsi konyaka.
• Ixesha lokutyala: ngasekupheleni kobusika, ngaphambi kokuba amagqabi ahlume.
• Ukuphindaphinda: ngembewu (ukuhlwayela ngqo) okanye ngokusika malunga ne-40cm ubude entwasahlobo.
• Umbhalisiukuchumisa unyaka wonke ngezichumiso zendalo, ezinje ngomgquba okanye ukuphosa iintshulube.
• Ukuthenakuyacetyiswa ukuba uzithene, ngakumbi ezokulima, ukulawula ukuphakama kwazo ebusika. Kuya kufuneka ususe amasebe awomileyo, agulayo kwaye abuthathaka, kunye nokucutha ezo zikhula kakhulu.
• Izinambuzanei-mealybugs, borer, defoliator moths kunye ne-aphids eziza kunyangwa ngesibulali-zinambuzane esithile.
• Izifo:
  • Itanki: amasebe akhawuleza azenzele ngaphandle kwesizathu. Singanyangwa nge-Fosetil-Al, kodwa ukuba esi sifo sihambele phambili kungcono ukususa isityalo kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ngomhlaba ngelanga, umzekelo.
  • Iqhina elimnyama: ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo, zibaxekile kwaye zibuthathaka ekukhuleni kwamasebe neziqu. Ichaphazela ikakhulu ii-plums. Inokunyangwa ngokusika kwinxalenye esempilweni kunye nokubeka ukunyanga okunyangayo. Ngokunjalo kubalulekile ukuba wenze unyango lube lunye kunye nefungicide esekwe kubhedu.

Ucinga ntoni ngePrunus? Kulungile, kunene?