Izifo zezityalo ngaphakathi

Ukuba nesityalo kubandakanya ukubeka esweni ukukhula kwaso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwaye, nangona sinayo ngaphakathi, ayikhuseli kwizifo zangaphakathi zezityalo, apho ichanekile kwaye inokuphelisa ubomi bayo.

Kodwa yintoni izifo eziqhelekileyo zokutshala izindlu? Unaso isisombululo? Uyakuyiqonda njani? Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ingaba eso sipho semifuno osifuna kakhulu sinokuhlupheka sisifo okanye isibetho, siya kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphatha.

Oonobangela abaziintloko zezifo zezityalo ngaphakathi

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyazi kukuba zonke izifo zezityalo ezisendlwini zihlala zibangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha indibaniselwano yazo ezininzi, ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha kungenxa yokuba kuye kwaveliswa into engakhange ilungelelaniswe kakuhle kwisityalo.

Ngokomzekelo, phakathi kwezi zizathu esinazo:

• Ukungaboneleli ngokwaneleyo kunye nobushushu. Ngelixa izityalo ezininzi zinokuziqhelanisa, akukho lula ngazo ukuba zenze njalo.
• Ukungabikho okanye ukugqithisa komswakama okanye amanzi. Ukunkcenkceshela kubalulekile, kodwa kukho umgca olungileyo phakathi kokunkcenkceshela ngokwaneleyo nangaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu kokunkcenkceshela. Kuyafana nokufuma.
• Awusebenzisi umhlaba olungileyo. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa, ngokuhamba kwexesha, izakhamzimba ezisemhlabeni ziyalahleka, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kutshintshwe. Nangona kunjalo, ababaninzi abakwenzayo.
• Ubukho bezilwanyana nezityalo. Xa kukho izinambuzane, izibungu, ifungi, njl. isifo okanye isibetho esiyehla isidiliya singabonakala ngaphandle kwonyango.
• Sukusebenzisa isichumiso okanye sigqithise. Ngalo mbandela kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ayisiyokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kuphela, kodwa ikwayihlobo olisebenzisayo, ukuba yimichiza okanye yeyendalo, izakha-mzimba esinazo (nokuba isityalo singazifuna), njl.

Izifo zezityalo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba, I-95% yezifo ezihlupheke kwizityalo zangaphakathi kungenxa yefungi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iipesenti ezi-5 ezinokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya okanye ii-virus, ekunzima ngakumbi ukuziphelisa (kuba akukho mveliso zisebenza nge-100% kwaye ke ukulwa nazo kuyinkimbinkimbi).

Ngokubanzi, izifo ezixhaphakileyo zezityalo zangaphakathi ezinokuthi zenzeke kwizityalo zakho zezi:

IBotrytis

Sikwabizwa ngokuba kukungunda okungwevu, sisifo esivela kwizityalo ezincinci nezindala. Lubonakala ngo usulele amagqabi, amathupha, iintyatyambo kunye neziqu. Umqondiso ocacileyo wale ngxaki kukuba ukungunda okungwevu kuyasigquma isityalo, kude kubangele nokubola.

Ukuyiphelisa, kubalulekile ukufaka iyeza lokuthintela ukubola kodwa ubeke isityalo kwindawo enesibane esilungileyo kunye nomoya, ukunciphisa (okanye ukunqumamisa ngesiquphe) ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokufuma) kunye nokuphelisa iindawo ezinesifo okanye ezo zinobukho obukhulu kuzo. kuthintele ukusasazeka.

Bola

Esi sifo sichaphazela iingcambu zezityalo kwaye sinokubangelwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zomngundo, esona siqhelekileyo sithi FI-Usoium oxysporium, iPhythium spp. o Rhizoctonia solani.

Uya kuyibona le ngxaki kuba amagqabi ezityalo aqala ukujika tyheli ukuya, akukho xesha, jika umdaka kwaye uwe. Iya kuhamba ngakumbi nangakumbi, kuba iingcambu ziyabola kwaye oko kuthintela isityalo ekubeni sikwazi ukuya phambili.

Akukho zisombululo zininzi kule meko, ngaphandle kokuzama ukutshintsha umhlaba ukuze uhlambulule iingcambu ekudluliseni kunye nokuphelisa amanzi amaninzi okanye iifungi ezinokubakho, sebenzisa unyango lweekhemikhali kunye nokunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umngundo womphunga

Nangona esi sesinye sezifo zezityalo ezisendlwini ezichaphazela kakhulu izityalo zangaphandle, sinokubonakala nasemakhaya kwaye sizakubangelwa kukungunda ezifana Uncinula spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Njl

Ukuyifumana, akukho nto injengokubona i- umgubo omhlophe emagqabini ubukhulu becala. Olu thuli luya lukhulu kwaye luhlasela amagqabi, aya kuqala ukoma aze awe.

Kukho izisombululo ezininzi, kwizinto zokubulala ukungunda ezifana nesalfure okanye imichiza.

I-anthracnose

Esi sesinye sezifo zezityalo ezixhaphakileyo ngaphakathi kwaye sibonwa ngeliso lenyama kwizityalo ezininzi zangaphakathi. Into eyenzayo yile amagqabi akhangeleka ngathi abolile, kodwa yinxalenye yayo kuphela. Kubangathi banengxaki yokutshiswa ngamagqabi okwenza ukuba bangabinamsebenzi.

Isisombululo kukususa lamagqabi ngokukhawuleza ukuze isityalo sikhule esitsha. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uphinde usebenzise i-fungicides okoko, xa iveliswa ngundo, inokuchaphazela abanye (okanye isiqu).

Zintwala

Ziqhelekile ngaphandle, kodwa nangaphakathi. Uya kubona ukuba njani amachaphaza amancinci anokuba mhlophe, mnyama okanye tyheli. Ukongeza, ngexeshana elincinci banokugqibela ukosulela isityalo sonke, ke kuya kufuneka wenze ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.

Ngenxa yoku, olona nyango lulungileyo yile nambuzane kunye nezinambuzane ezinokukunceda ukuba uzisuse.

Mealybugs

Yeyona nto inzima kakhulu ekuya kufuneka ulwe nayo. Ngokubanzi, yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphelisa mealybugs usebenzisa i swab yotywala phantsi, okanye usebenzisa ibrashi yamazinyo endala ukususa loo fluff umhlophe onokuba zizilwanyana ezihambahamba kwisityalo kwaye zitye kuso.

Kukho neekhemikhali zihlala zisebenza kakhulu.

Njengoko ubona, zininzi Izifo zezityalo zangaphakathi ezinokubeka esichengeni impilo yesityalo sakho. Kule meko, elona cebiso lilungileyo sinokukunika lona kukujonga. Kwaye, ukuba uyazazi izityalo, eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba uqaphele xa into ingahambi kakuhle, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane kwakhona ngaphandle kokonakalisa kakhulu.

Ngaba uyazi izifo eziqhelekileyo kwizityalo zangaphakathi? Ngaba oku kuye kwenzeka kuwe? Ungasixelela malunga nemeko yakho ukunceda abanye.