Ukukhula kweediliya akukho kufutshane njengoko kunokuvakala. Sisityalo esisebenza kakuhle eSpain kodwa, ukuze sihlale ixesha elide kwaye singabinangxaki, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni izifo zomdiliya.
Uninzi lwazo lunokumiswa xa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala kodwa, ukufezekisa oku, kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba ungazichonga njani kwaye uzenze kunyango. Ngesi sizathu, ngeli xesha siza kukunceda ngesi sikhokelo sisebenzayo malunga nezifo zemidiliya, iimpawu zazo kunye nonyango oluqhelekileyo.
Ngumbungu
Ngaba ukhe wazibona ezinye amabala amancinci kumagqabi aluhlaza? Zivele ikakhulu kwinxalenye ephezulu yamagqabi ngelixa, emazantsi, unokuqaphela ukuba kukho ukungunda okupapascent. Ukuba kunjalo, ngoko ujongene nesinye sezifo zomdiliya ezixhaphakileyo.
Ingxaki kukuba oku kunokubangela ukuba amagqabi awe, kwaye kubangele ukuba sonke isityalo sonakaliswe yile fungus.
Unyango olunjani? Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba de unale ngxaki, kufuneka usike onke amagqabi kunye namasebe ukuze, ebusika, kungabikho kubakho. Kuya kufuneka ufefe umdiliya ngomxube wobhedu olungamanzi, i-zineb, okanye umxube weBordeaux. Ewe kunjalo, ukuba nje ayiyontyatyambo kuba, ukuba uyayenza, inokuchaphazela iziqhamo kwaye iphulukane nesivuno.
Umdiliya erinosis
Esi sinambuzane sibangelwa ziintwala Iimpawu ze-Eriophyes, esihlala sichaphazela isityalo ebusika, apho sizimela khona kwingqele yamagqabi nangaphantsi kwexolo. Ke, entwasahlobo, ngamaqondo obushushu amahle, iyavela kwaye yenza into yayo.
Uya kuqaphela kumagqabi kuba kuya kubakho ukuqhuma, ngelixa emazantsi baya kuba neenwele ezimhlophe nezimdaka.
Kufuneka wenze ntoni ngale ngxaki? Ukuba izidiliya zakho zithwaxwa yiyo, olona nyango lulungileyo lonyango (isalfure), kodwa ungasebenzisa ezizezakho okanye uthene amalungu achaphazelekayo uze uzitshise.
Isifo sePowdery, sesinye sezifo zomdiliya eziqhelekileyo
Ukuqina komgubo yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu kwabo banezidiliya, ngakumbi ukuba bakummandla weMeditera. Kubonakala xa ubushushu buphakathi kwama-25 nama-28 degrees kwaye ukufuma kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ziintoni ezibangela oko? Ngokuchasene nezo zangaphambili, kule meko ingxaki ayihlali kumagqabi kuphela, kodwa ichaphazela iindawo ezininzi zesityalo:
- Iziqu: Uya kubona amabala amnyama kunesiqhelo, ngakumbi kwinxalenye yamahlumela amatsha.
- AmaSpredishithi: Uya kuqaphela ukuba amagqabi anempuphu emhlophe okanye uthuthu kuwo (inokubakho kuphela ngaphambili, okanye ngasemva).
- Iibhantshi: Ziyakuchukunyiswa yile powder emhlophe okanye uthuthu kwaye inokuqhekeza iidiliya.
Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuphelisa ingxaki? Kuxhomekeke ekubeni umdiliya ungaphakathi, ungafaka unyango okanye enye. Kwaye yile, ukuba sele unawo amabhantshi okuqala, isalfure okanye unyango lwenkqubo; ukuba iyadubula, yisalfure eyimpuphu kuphela; kwaye ukuba iidiliya ziyakhula kwaye zitshintsha umbala, kunyango lwenkqubo kuphela.
IBotrytis okanye ukubola okungwevu
Esi sesinye sezifo zomdiliya esizichaphazela kakhulu. Olunye lweempawu eziphambili zalo mngundo uya kuba nazo kwiidiliya. Ezi, ngequbuliso, ziya kugutyungelwa ubunzima obumdaka ngwevu, okweenwele. Ukongeza, ayizukuchaphazela iidiliya kuphela, kodwa zinokuya nakwiintyatyambo ngendlela yokuba iziqhamo sele zibonakele ngale ngxaki.
Ukuba ayibanjwanga ngexesha, ukungunda kuyakhawuleza ukusasazeka, kuba iyakwenza oko ngokudlula emoyeni, kungalahleka isityalo siphela. Nangona kunjalo, asizukukuqhatha; Yeyona nto kunzima ukuyilawula, kwaye uhlala uyiqaphela kuphela xa sele lixesha kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba inesisombululo. Imalunga nokusebenzisa imichiza yokubulala ukungunda, efana ne-methylthiophanate okanye i-benomyl esebenza ukulwa nale fungus, kodwa banengxaki yokuba, ekuhambeni kwexesha, bayanyangeka, ke kuya kufuneka ubatshintshe nabanye ngqo kule ngxaki.
Roya
Umhlwa sesinye sezifo zomdiliya ezinobunzima, kuba sibangelwa kukungunda. Uyakuyiqaphela kuba amabala abomvu aqala ukuvela emagqabini, ngakumbi kwezona zidala. Kwaye ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha, uya kuqala ukuphulukana nazo ngokungenakuphikiswa.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba elangeni ngqo linokubethwa, ke ngoku ukuthena okuhle ukunceda ukugcina umdiliya usempilweni kunokunceda. Idityaniswe nefungicide ethile inokugcinwa.
Isilinganisi
Phakathi kwezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zomdiliya, kwaye namhlanje ezinesisombululo esincinci, i-tinder yenye yazo. Kubangelwa ngumngundo bahlasela imithi yomdiliya, ebangela ukuba iqale ukuba tyheli, nangona indawo eluhlaza (emnyama okanye emnyama) izakuvela macala onke ala mabala. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, iinkuni ziyabola, zithambe, zibe mhlophe kwaye zibe nesiponji.
Amagqabi nawo ayachaphazeleka, alahlekelwe ngumbala aze afe. Ngokubhekisele kwiidiliya, ziya kuvela ngombala ofanayo nengxaki yokungunda.
Ingxaki kukuba le fungus inokuba ngaphakathi kwesityalo iminyaka, isonakalise, kwaye kude kube semva kwexesha kakhulu ukuba iyabonakala. Ukuba kulonto sidibanisa ukuba akukho mveliso yezempilo enako ukulwa noku, ukuba unomdiliya onje, ekuphela kwento onokuyenza kukuzama ukuthena kwaye, ukuba sele ichaphazeleke kakhulu, yususe ngokupheleleyo.
I-anthracnose
Uphawu lwenkangeleko kumagqabi abanye iindawo ezingqukuva phakathi komdaka nomnyama, Ezi ziyatshintsha njengoko i-fungus iqhubela phambili, i-grey hue. Amagqabi ngokwawo ayoma kwaye kuphela loo mngxuma uya kuhlala kuwo ngaphandle kokuma.
Ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela iibhantshi.
Inyangwa njani? Sebenzisa iimveliso ze-phenological ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ukulawula ingxaki.
Zininzi izifo zesidiliya, kodwa ezi sele sizikhankanyile zezona zixhaphakileyo kwezi zityalo. Ngaba uyazi ngaphezulu?