Umngcunube (Salix)

Los Salix Zizityalo ezithatha indawo eninzi. Kodwa ubungakanani bayo kunye nobuhle bayo kukuba xa zigcinwa kwiigadi ezinkulu ziyinto engummangaliso wendalo. Ingxaki kuxa bekhulile, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokungazi okanye ngokuthanda, kwiindawo ezivalekileyo: njengoko zikhula, iingcambu zazo ziya kubangela umonakalo ukuba zikufuphi nemibhobho njalo njalo.

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufuna ukukhulisa izityalo, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuzonwabela ngokupheleleyo, kubalulekile ukuba wazi iimpawu zazo ukuze kwixesha elizayo singanyanzelwa ukuba sizilahle. Kungenxa yokuba iSalix, njengezinye izidalwa zezityalo, inelungelo lokuhlala kwindawo elungileyo kwaye ifumane ukhathalelo oluyimfuneko kuthathelwa ingqalelo imozulu kunye neempawu zegadi. Masibazi.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeSalix

Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumngcunube, i-Salix luhlobo oluneentlobo ezingama-400 ze Imithi enqabileyo kunye nezihlahla ezivela kwimimandla epholileyo kunye nebandayo yeNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Zifumaneka ngokukodwa kufutshane okanye ecaleni kweekhosi zamanzi amatsha, yiyo loo nto iingcambu zazo zinde kwaye zomelele, kuba ukuba bezingenjalo, bezingenakuhlala zimiliselwe emhlabeni.

Isiqu sinamanzi amakhulu, kwaye iinkuni ziqinile, ziyaguquguquka kwaye zithambile ngokubanzi. Amasebe amancinci kwaye anemicu, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi amagqabi amade ahluma kuwo, kodwa angangqukuva okanye abe okweqanda.

Baye dioeciousOko kukuthi, baneentyatyambo ezingamadoda nababhinqileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. ICatkins (iintyatyambo zezi zityalo) ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuvuthwa komnqamlezo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kuqhelekile, yiyo loo nto kukho iihybridi ezininzi. Isiqhamo sisiqwenga.

Iintlobo eziphambili

salix alba

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-salguero okanye i-willow emhlophe, ngumthi wemveli kumbindi nakumazantsi eYurophu, emantla e-Afrika nakwintshona ye-Asiya ikhula ukuya kubude beemitha ezingama-25. Amagqabi ayo ngwevu osilivere, afinywe ngamatye, kunye nomgangatho ongaphantsi osilika kunye ne-5 ukuya kwi-12 cm ubude. Amaxolo womboko wawo angwevu.

Inqaba ukuya kuthi ga kuma-20ºC.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Salix alba, umngcunube omhlophe omangalisayo

I-Salix atrocinerea

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ash willow okanye i-zalce, ngumthi wemveli eYurophu naseMntla Afrika ikhula ifike kwiimitha ezingama-22 ukuphakama. Amagqabi aphelele okanye anezinyo, anoboya kumacala omabini, kwaye malunga ne-5-15cm ubude.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -17ºC.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Salix atrocinerea: iimpawu kunye nokhathalelo

I-Salix babylonica

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-willow yokulila okanye i-pendulum willow, ngumthi waseMpuma Asia ikhula kwiimitha ezili-12 (kunqabile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-26m) ngamasebe axhonyiweyo afikelela emhlabeni. Amagqabi amdaka, anomphetho otyibilikisiweyo, oqaqambileyo kunye nokuqaqamba.

Iyachasa ukuya kwi - 18ºC, nangona ikhula ngcono kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ukulila iWillow

Isalix canariensis

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sao okanye i-Canary willow, luhlobo lwendalo lweCanary Islands kunye neMadeira ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-10. Amagqabi amade okwe-lanceolate, anomphezulu oluhlaza ongaphezulu kunye ne-pubescent engaphantsi, kwaye malunga ne-10cm ubude.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -12ºC.

I-Salix caprea

Yaziwa njenge willow yeebhokhwe, i-salce yebhokhwe okanye i-sargatillo, ngumthi wemveli wase-Europe kunye nasembindini nasentshona Asia. Ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10, kunye ne-3 ukuya kwi-12cm yamagqabi amnyama anomphezulu oluhlaza ontsundu kunye neverdigris okanye iverdiclaro emazantsi.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Salix caprea

I-Salix cinerea

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ashy willow, ngumthi wemveli eYurophu naseNtshona yeAsia ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-6 ukuphakama. Amagqabi akwi-12cm ubude, kwaye ane-ovate okanye oblanceolate, glabrous, hairy and with grey tomentum. Umphezulu ongaphezulu ungwevu oluhlaza okanye ohlaza okomnquma, kwaye icala elingaphantsi liluhlaza okomhlaza okanye oluhlaza ongwevu.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

I-Salix eleagnos

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-grey willow okanye i-twill, ngumthi wemveli kumbindi nakumazantsi eYurophu, eAsia Minor naseNtla Afrika, ifikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezi-10. Amagqabi athe nkqo, aba yi-16cm ubude, kwaye anombala oluhlaza ocacileyo, ocacileyo nomphezulu ongaphezulu kunye nomhlophe ngaphantsi okanye luthuthu ngaphantsi.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -15ºC.

I-Salix fragilis

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-wicker okanye i-brittle wicker, ngumthi wemveli eYurophu nakwintshona yeAsia ifikelela kubude beemitha ezisi-10 ukuya kwezi-30. Amagqabi aluhlaza ocacileyo, anemida enesuntswana, kwaye ane-9-15cm ubude.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Isalix purpurea

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-wicker emfusa, i-willow, i-red salce okanye i-wicker yomlambo, ngumthi wemveli eYurophu, eMntla Afrika nase-West Asia ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-6. Amagqabi ayo a-lanceolate okanye a-linear, 4 ukuya kwi-12cm ubude, kunye nohlaza ocacileyo kunye ne-matte kwicala elingasentla, kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza emazantsi.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -20ºC.

Isalix salviifolia

Yaziwa ngokuba yi-bardaguera emhlophe, isarga okanye umngcunube, ngumthi oqhelekileyo woSingasiqithi weIberia, nangona ungekho eCatalonia, uLuntu lwaseValencian, eNavarra, kwisiqingatha esisemazantsi e-Extremadura nakwimpuma-mpuma yeCastilla y León. Ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-6 ukuphakama. Amagqabi a-lanceolate, alula, aluhlaza okomhlaza okanye aluhlaza okomhlaza, kwaye anoboya, ngakumbi emazantsi, kwaye zi-2 ukuya kwi-10 cm ubude.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -17ºC.

I-Salix viminalis

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-white wicker okanye i-wicker, ngumthi wemveli eYurophu naseAsia ifikelela kubude beemitha ezili-10. Amagqabi ayandisiwe, aba li-5 ukuya kwi-15cm ubude, anoboya, kwaye ngomphezulu oluhlaza okanye o-mat.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Ukuba ufuna umthi womngcunube kwisitiya sakho, sicebisa ukuba ubonelele ngale nkathalo ilandelayo:

Ubicación

Zizityalo ekufuneka zibenjalo phesheya, kwilanga elipheleleyo okanye kumthunzi omnyama. Ngenxa yeempawu zabo, kufuneka batyalwe kumgama omncinci weemitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwimibhobho, iindonga, njl.

Umhlaba

Ziyakhula kumhlaba ofumileyo, zizityebi kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye zihlala zililitye lekalika. (ngaphandle, njenge Isalix salviifolia ukhetha umhlaba onomhlaba one asidi).

Ngethuba leminyaka yabo encinci banokubizwa nge-mulch (kwintengiso apha) exutywe ne-30% perlite (iyathengiswa apha), Kodwa siyacebisa ukuba batyale emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza kangangoko ukuze bakwazi ukukhula kakuhle.

Unkcenkceshelo

Unkcenkceshelo kufuneka rhoqo. Abamelana nembalela, kwaye bayathanda ukuhlala umhlaba unomswakama.

Umbhalisi

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubabhatale ngezichumiso zendalo, ezinje ngeguano, umgquba, okanye umgquba oluhlaza, phakathi kwabanye.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Izichumisi ezi-5 ezenziwe ekhaya zezityalo zakho

Ukuthena

Imingcunube akufuneki zithenwe, kuba bayinyamezele kakubi kakhulu. Akuqhelekanga ukuba bagule (okanye baphele besweleka) emva kokuthena okungaphezulu okanye okungaphantsi.

Into enokwenziwa kukusika amasebe omileyo, kwaye kuphela ebusika.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ziphinda-phinda ngokusikwa ngasebusika. Ukwenza oku, isebe elinemithi ecekeceke kufuneka lisikwe, elilinganisa malunga ne-35cm ubude, ukumilisela isiseko ngehomoni yokuxhasa (iyathengiswa Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo) kwaye ekugqibeleni uyityale (ungayikhonkxi) embizeni enemingxunya yokuhambisa amanzi (iyathengiswa apha) ezaliswe nge-vermiculite yangaphambili.

Ukugcina i-substrate ifumile, iya kuncothula malunga neentsuku ezingama-20. Ukukunceda, unokuyitshiza kanye ngemini ukuze ugcine amanzi.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

I-Salix zizityalo ezi-ethe-ethe kwizitshabalalisi nakwizilwanyana-ingakumbi ifungi- ezibangela izifo:

Izinambuzane

• Mealybugs: Banokuba zi-algonous okanye zi-limpet-like. Abulinganisi ngaphezulu kwe-0,5cm, kwaye batya incindi yamagqabi, kunqabile ukusuka kumasebe amancinci.
  Ungalwa nabo ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa apha). Bona ifayile.
• IiChrysomelas: ngooqongqothwane abathi, kwinqanaba labo lokutya, batye amagqabi.
  Yilwa entwasahlobo kunye ne-malathion.
• Imibungu yeDefoliator: Njengombungu we-walnut, okanye umbungu we-liverwort, zitya amagqabi, zishiya imingcunube ingekho.
  Ziyalwa xa zincinci nge-malathion.
• Zintwala: zizinambuzane ezincinci, ezimalunga ne-0,5 cm ubude, ziluhlaza, tyheli okanye zimnyama, ezitya incindi yamagqabi (nakwezinye izityalo nazo ziintyatyambo).
  Ziyilwa ne-diatomaceous earth okanye i-potassium soap (iyathengiswa apha). Bona ifayile.

Izifo

• Amagqabi: akubalulekanga, kodwa kuyafuneka ukuqokelela ukuwa ngexesha lekwindla ukuthintela ukuphinda usulele. Ukuba iyenzeka rhoqo, yiphathe nge-oxychloride okanye i-zineb.
• Umngundo womphunga: ngumngundo ovelisa umgubo omhlophe ogqume amagqabi. Ayibalulekanga, kodwa inokunyangwa ngefungicides ezisekwe kubhedu. Bona ifayile.
• Iigusha zamagqabi: Ngasentwasahlobo, amanye amagqabi kunye namasebe amnyama kwaye awe, kwaye amanye aya kubuna. Izikhonkwane ezincinci ziya kuvela kumasebe.
  Iyathintelwa nge-oxychloride yobhedu kwakamsinya nje ukuba amathupha evukile, kodwa ukuba sele kukho iimpawu, amalungu achaphazelekayo kufuneka athenwe kwaye atshiswe.

Ixesha lokutyala

En primavera, xa iqabaka lidlulile.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Kuxhomekeka kwindidi, kodwa bonke bayamelana nengqele kunye neqabaka.

Zisebenzisa ntoni?

Umhlobiso

I-Salix zizityalo ezihombisa kakhulu, ilungele ukukhula kwigadi ebanzi, ngakumbi ukuba banomjelo wamanzi kufutshane okanye bakwindawo apho kunethayo rhoqo.

Amayeza

I-Salicin ikhutshwe kwimingcunube, esisicwili esisebenzayo esenziwa ngaso i-aspirin, ichiza elingelilo lonyango lokuthintela ukudumba.

Kodwa kwakhona, sele kudlulileyo, ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-V. Zombini iAsiriya, iSumer kunye ne-Egypt ixolo lalisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa iintlungu nokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Ukutya kwezilwanyana

Amahlumela ezinye iintlobo, ezifana I-Salix caprea, inokusetyenziswa njengokutya kweebhokhwe.

Ibhasikithi

Kukho imijelo emininzi apho amasebe asetyenziselwa ukwenza iingobozi, njenge I-Salix fragilis okanye I-Salix viminalis.

Ucinga ntoni ngeminyezane?