Njengoko besitsho: zonke iintshukumo zinempembelelo, nangona ezi ziphumo zingenakuba zibi, okanye ubuncinci hayi kubo bonke abantu. Kutheni sisitsho nje? Kuba kukho inkqubo eyenzekayo namhlanje kwimimandla emininzi emanzi, enje ngemigxobhozo, amachibi kunye nolwandle olusemhlabeni, oluguqula ezo zinto ziphilayo.
Iyaziwa ngegama lika ubhalo kwaye yinto etyebisa indalo, kodwa ngokuyinxalenye. Makhe sibone ukuba iqulathe ntoni.
Yintoni i-eutrophication?
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / F. lamiot
I-Eutrophication, ekwabizwa ngokuba yingxaki ye-eutrophic okanye ye-dystrophic, Ligama elinikwe ukutyebisa okugqithileyo kwimeko-bume yasemanzini. Ukucacisa ngakumbi, kuxa i-ecosystem, ichibi, ulwandle, ichibi, njl njl, ifumana izakhamzimba ezingaphezulu kunokuba zifuna. Ukongeza, lo mgquba uhlala utyebile kwi-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus, ukuze i-algae ye-unicellular, enje nge-diatom kunye ne-chlorophytes, iqale ukwanda emanzini amatsha, iphele nge-cyanobacteria.
Le yokugqibela iya kwenza umaleko umphezulu, ukuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga ukufikelela nzulu. Ngesi sizathu, ukusukela apha ukuya phambili, into eyenzekayo kukuba intlenga iyaveliswa, ngakumbi nangakumbi, de, emva kwexesha (iminyaka), kwenziwe umhlaba owomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kukhule imithi nezinye izityalo.
Yintoni unobangela?
Unobangela unokuba ziindidi ezimbini: ezendalo okanye imvelaphi yomntu. Inkqubo ye- zendalo Zinjalo, njengoko igama lazo libonisa, ezo zivela kwindalo ngokwayo, ngaphandle kongenelelo lomntu. Izityalo zifuna i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus ukuze zikhule; eneneni, zibaluleke kakhulu kubo kangangokuba zithathwa njengee-macronutrients zizityalo zezityalo. Ke ngoko, njengoko zisifa, ezi zondlo zikhutshwa emhlabeni.
Ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo ziyafezekiswa, oko kukuthi, ukuba inani lezityalo eziphilayo ezibuyiselwe emhlabeni ziyabonakala, okanye ubuncinci, zigcinwa rhoqo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kulindeleke ukuba imeko yendalo itshintshe. Oku kuqhelekile. Kwenzekile kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuyenzeka ngoku, kwaye kuya kuqhubeka ukwenzeka kude kube sekupheleni kweentsuku, ke akufuneki ukuba sikhathazeke.
Kodwa ngoku makhe sithethe ngezizathu anthropogenic, Ngezinto esizenzayo thina bantu, ngakumbi igadi okanye abantu abathanda igadi. Abantu abalima izityalo, ngokubanzi, bathambekele ekuthengeni izichumisi ezizityebi nge nitrogen kunye / okanye i-phosphorus. Ayongxaki: izityalo, njengoko besitshilo, zifuna ezo zinongo. Eyona nto ikhathazayo kukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kwezichumisi kunye nomgquba, kuba ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba singangcolisa loo manzi, sitshintshe ikhonkco le-trophic kwaye sibeke emngciphekweni ukulingana kwendalo. Ngoba?
Kulungile ke Zonke ezi nitrate zinokuphelela ngaphezulu okanye phantsi komhlaba, okanye zinokuhlanjwa ziye elwandle ngexesha lemvula enkulu, Yinto eyenzekayo umzekelo kwiindawo ezininzi zaseSpain. Kweli lizwe zininzi iindawo apho umhlaba uhlala womile kangangeenyanga ezininzi zonyaka kangangokuba ubumbana, ungangeni manzi, kwaye ubushushu. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, xa kuqala ukubakho imisinga yomoya obandayo, kubakho imvula enamandla kangangokuba ihlamba yonke into abanokuyihamba.
Imvula, ngamanzi. Ewe, kodwa izityalo azinakukwazi ukuzisebenzisa, kuba zithatha izakha-mzimba kunye namanzi ngokwawo, kunye nezo sizongeze xa sizichumisa.
Iziphumo zokuchithwa kwexesha
Iziphumo ze-eutrophication zahlukile. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ndibathiye amagama, ndingathanda ukuba wazi into: ukuba imvelaphi yendalo, le nkqubo ithatha iinkulungwane. Yenziwa kancinci, inde ngokwaneleyo ukuba wonke umntu okule ecosystem abe nexesha lokuhlengahlengisa. Ngale ndlela, ikhonkco lokutya alitshintshi, ke ubomi buqhubeka ngokwesiqhelo.
Kodwa xa ivela kwimvelaphi yomntu, le nkqubo ithatha kuphela amashumi eminyaka. Ubomi bomntu bude ngokwaneleyo ukuba i-ecosystem itshintshe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile, ngoku, ukuyazi ifayile ye- Iziphumo ze-anthropogenic eutrophication (ngabantu):
- Ivumba lamanzi lifumana ivumba elibi kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba ukubola kuyanda, kwaye ioksijini iyaphelelwa. Ngenxa yoko, kusenokubakho ilahleko kwezoqoqosho kwicandelo lezokhenketho.
- Incasa yamanzi itshintshiwe, Ukungakulungeli ukusetyenziswa.
- Ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwentlenga, umlambo okwakuhanjwa kuwo awusenakuhamba.
- Iintlobo ezihlaselayo ziyavela, bakulungele ngakumbi ukuhlala kuloo ndawo itshintshiweyo kunale yabemi.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, Ukungabikho kweoksijini kukhuthaza ukukhula kweentsholongwane ezinetyhefu kwiintaka nakwizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Umzekelo, yena IClostridium botulinum, ebangela i-botulism, isifo esichaphazela ikakhulu iintsana zabantu.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo konke oku, Sinyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwezichumisi, ngakumbi izichumisi. Sineplanethi enye kuphela, kwaye nangona sithanda ukuba nezityalo ezikhathalelwe kakuhle, ngokongeza nje umgquba okanye isichumiso, asizukubenza bakhule ngokukhawuleza, okanye bavelise iziqhamo ezininzi. Ngapha koko, into eyenzeka ngokufuthi ichasene noko: iingcambu zayo zonakele, amagqabi ayayeka ukufumana ukutya, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, sishiywa ngaphandle kwesityalo.
Masifunde ilebheli yemveliso yezolimo esiyithengayo kwaye silandele imiyalelo ngononophelo, ngokulungileyo kwezityalo, iplanethi kunye neyethu.