Zininzi izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo ezinokuchaphazela izityalo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwezona zinto zikruqulayo kwaye kunzima ukuphelisa izifunxi-gazi ziinematodes zomhlaba; ezikwaziyo ukutshabalalisa yonke imimandla yokulima.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngesi sitshabalalisi, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Siza kucacisa ukuba zeziphi iinematodes zomhlaba, umonakalo ezinokuthi zibangele kunye nendlela yokulawula.
Ziziphi iinematodes zomhlaba?
Okokuqala siza kucacisa ukuba yintoni na nematodes umhlaba. Zizifunxi-gazi ezikhula emhlabeni kwaye ezichaphazela izityalo. Ezi ntshulube ezincinci ziphakathi kwe-0,1 kunye ne-3 yeemilimitha ngobukhulu. Okondla, zigqobhoza izityalo kwaye zifunxa izondlo ezingcanjini kunye neeseli ezifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, imifuno echaphazelekayo ibonakaliswe ngakumbi kwiziganeko ezivela kwiibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nefungi.
Ingakumbi kumafama yingxaki enkulu kakhulu. I-nematodes yomhlaba inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizityalo, ude wonakalise sonke isivuno. Ukuba le ngxaki ayithintelwanga okanye inyangwe kwangethuba, ilahleko yezoqoqosho inokuba phezulu kakhulu. Imithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo iqikelela ukuba i<em>nematodes yomhlaba inciphisa imveliso yezolimo ehlabathini lonke phakathi kwe-135 ne-XNUMX ekhulwini nyaka ngamnye. Oku kulingana malunga ne-XNUMX yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ngonyaka.
Umonakalo onokuthi ubangelwe ziinematodes zomhlaba
Xa isityalo esosulela i-nematode sifike ngempazamo ebaleni, kungathatha iminyaka eliqela ukuba inani labemi bentsimi libe likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba libangele iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwimifuno. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zifunxi-gazi zihamba kancinane emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka kwayo kuqhutywa ngokulula ngokuhambisa umhlaba osulelekileyo. Basenokuhlasela iindawo zezityalo kunye nezinto, njengoomatshini bezolimo kunye nezixhobo, izinto zokutyala, njl.
Xa uhlaselo lwe-nematodes yomhlaba lunwenwele ngokwaneleyo ukuze kubangele ukungaqhelekanga okubonakalayo kwizityalo, oku kulandelayo kuya kuqala ukwenzeka. uphawu:
- Ukunciphisa kunye nokudumba kweengcambu
- Ukubonakala kweegalls okanye amaqhina kwiingcambu
- I-Chlorosis kumagqabi athi ngokuthe ngcembe ajike abe tyheli
- Ukwehla komsebenzi
- Ukudumba kwezityalo
- Ukulibaziseka okanye ukukhula kwangoko kweziqhamo
- Amabala amnyama kwiingcambu
- Ukulibaziseka ekubonakaleni koqhambuko
- Izityalo ezininzi ezineempawu kwisityalo esinye
Ngokusisiseko, i<em>nematodes esemhlabeni ibangela ukuba iingcambu zibole kwaye zenze buthathaka isityalo ngokufunxa izondlo zaso. Zakuba iingcambu zingasekho, ziyaqhubeka nokugrumba umhlaba de zifike kwiingcambu eziphilileyo ezilandelayo. Ngaphandle komonakalo obalulekileyo owenziwa zezi zifunxi-gazi kwimifuno, zikwanyusa umngcipheko wokuba baya kosulelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye nokungunda.
Indlela yokulawula i-nematodes yomhlaba?
Ngelishwa, xa umhlaba uhlaselwe zizinambuzane zomhlaba, akukho nto ingako esinokuyenza. Njengoko zizifunxi-gazi ezihlala phantsi komhlaba, kunzima ngakumbi kwaye kunzima ukulwa nazo. Ngaphaya koko, isayizi yayo encinci yenza lo msebenzi ube nzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, sinayo inketho yokuphelisa i-nematodes ngendlela yendalo.
Enye yeendlela esinokuzama ngazo ukususa ezi zifunxi-gazi zikruqulayo i-solarization okanye i-biosolarization. Yeyona ndlela isebenzayo, kodwa ifuna ukuba intsimi iphelelwe zizityalo ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Eyona nto imalunga nokunyusa ubushushu bomhlaba de kutshatyalaliswe iintsholongwane. Ukwenza oku, umhlaba ugqunywe ngeplastiki ebonakalayo ubuncinane iiveki ezine ehlotyeni, ngokukodwa ngexesha lemitha yelanga enkulu.
Enye indlela yokulwa nematodes yomhlaba ngendlela ye-ecology ukwazisa amarhamncwa endalo yazo, njengezinye iintsholongwane okanye umngundo. Le ndlela ayisebenzi kangako kuneyangaphambili, kodwa inceda ukulawula ezi zifunxi-gazi.
Thintelo
Njengoko besithi, "ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga." Ngoko, eyona nto sinokuyenza ukusebenzisa amacebo okuthintela ukuthintela isityalo sethu ukuba singachatshazelwa ziinematode zomhlaba. Kukho iindlela ezininzi esinokuzisebenzisa ukuphumeza uthintelo olulungileyo:
- Izilungiso: Ukuba sichumisa umhlaba ngomgquba, umgquba okanye i-humus, siya kunciphisa inani le-nematodes emhlabeni.
- Tyala umgquba kwindawo eluhlaza njengemifuno. Ngale ndlela umhlaba uba yinitrogen eninzi, nto leyo engalunganga kwinematodes zomhlaba.
- Tyala i-nematode repellants, ezinje nge calendula, la dahlia, i-pyrethrum margarita, i-rue okanye i-marigold.
- Yomisa umhlaba omtsha elangeni iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba uyongeze kwinkcubeko.
- Ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo: Ngobu buchule siya kukwazi ukunciphisa inani lee-nematodes ezifumaneka emhlabeni.
Ukuba sele uneengxaki ngezi zinambuzane ezicaphukisayo, ungasishiya amava akho kwizimvo.