Ngaba wakha weva nge-olive verticillium wilt? Sisifo sokungunda, njengoko igama laso libonisa, sichaphazela imithi yomnquma.
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "dryer" okanye "wilt", esi sifo sibi kakhulu. yiyo loo nto Jardinería ON Sifuna ukuba wazi yonke into enokwenzeka ngayo ukuze, ukuba unemithi yomnquma, ukwazi ukuyithintela, uyibhaqe kwaye uzame ukuyigcina imithi yakho.
Yintoni i-olive verticillium wilt?
I-Verticillium wilt sisifo sokungunda esiyingozi esichaphazela imithi yomnquma. Ibangelwa ngumngundo IVerticillium dahliae, que isasazeka emhlabeni kwaye inokosulela iingcambu zomthi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, xa umnquma uchaphazeleka kuwo, eminye isengozini ngenxa yokuba isasazwa lula emhlabeni (ngokunkcenkceshela, umzekelo).
Emva kokuba i-fungus ihlasele i-vascular system yomthi, isasazeka kwisityalo sonke kwaye inokubangela ukubuna, ukutyheli kwamagqabi, ukubola kunye nokufa komthi ekugqibeleni.
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-verticillium wilt inokuchaphazela imithi yomnquma yayo yonke iminyaka, nangona kunjalo imithi emincinci ichaphazeleka ngakumbi sesi sifo. Isenokuchaphazela nezinye izityalo nezityalo, kuquka iitumato, iipepile, iitapile, amaqunube, nemithi yeediliya. Ngoko ke, nangona inegama elinxulumene nomthi womnquma, ngokwenene kukho ezinye ezininzi ezinokonakaliswa yile fungus efanayo.
Esi sifo isasazeka ngeembewu zomngundo ezikhoyo emhlabeni kwaye zinokuphila iminyaka emininzi. Usulelo ludla ngokuvela ngamanxeba amancinane ezingcanjini zomthi. Oku kunokubangelwa yimiba efana noxinzelelo lwamanzi, umonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini, ukuthenwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, kunye nokuchanabeka kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo.
Iimpawu ze-olive verticillium wilt
Ngoku ukuba uyazi kancinci malunga nesi sifo, kwaye ngakumbi ukuba senziwa njani kwaye yintoni enokuhlasela, lixesha lokwazi iimpawu. Ezi zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubuzaza bosulelo, kodwa ngokubanzi ezo ziye zabonwa zichaphazela phantse yonke imithi yomnquma xa isifo sibhaqwe zezi zilandelayo:
- I-Wilting: Igqabi lomthi womnquma elichatshazelwa yi-verticillium wilt kwaye lome, kodwa hayi ngokulinganayo. Enyanisweni, amabala anokubonakala asasazeka kuwo wonke amagqabi ade abune ngokupheleleyo.
- Amagqabi atyheli: Amagqabi angajika abe tyheli phambi kokuba ome. Kungenzeka ukuba, ukuba ubona oku, into yokuqala ocinga ngayo kukuba idinga amanzi amaninzi. Kodwa inokuthi yenzeke ngexesha lokulahla amaqabunga (kwaye ke kunzima ukuqaphela ukuba awukwazi umthi).
- Ukuphulukana namagqabi: Umthi uqala ukuphulukana namagqabi ngaphambi kwexesha, nangaphambi kokuba ixesha lokukhula liphele.
- Ukuchaswa: Njengoko isifo siqhubela phambili, umthi ulahlekelwa ngamagqabi amaninzi, nto leyo enokubangela ukuchithwa okukhulu kwamagqabi kunye nokunciphisa isivuno somnquma.
- ukufa kwamasebe: Ngale nto sibhekisela kwinto yokuba, ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa ngamagqabi, amasebe anokomisa kwaye afe ngokungenakuphinda abuyiselwe.
- izilonda kwi-cortex: Kwezinye iimeko, izilonda zingabonwa kwi-bark ye-trunk kunye namasebe. Ziyimiqondiso ebonisa ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinqanaba langaphakathi lomthi.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-fungus ihlasela ukusuka kwiingcambu, ngoko kukuhlaselwa kwangaphakathi okunokubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumthi (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yonke into ejikelezileyo) kwimiba yeeveki. Ukongeza, njengoko besinixelele ngaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaba uhlale uchaphazelekile kwaye yonke into oyityala kuwo ilandela indlela enye kuba umngundo usasebenza emhlabeni.
Unyango olunokwenzeka lwe-olive verticillium wilt
Ngelishwa, asinandaba ezimnandi kuwe. Kwaye akukho nyango lwaziwayo lwe-olive verticillium wilt. Xa umthi wosulelekile, esi sifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngemithambo yomthi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni kwawo. Kungaphezulu, ukuba kukho eminye imithi yomnquma kule ndawo, okanye ezinye izityalo okanye izityalo ezibuthathaka kule fungus, nazo zinokufa.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula ukwanda kwesi sifo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yaso kwisityalo. Siza kukuxelela malunga nabanye ukuze, ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ubona ubuso bakho nesi sifo, uyazi into onokuyenza:
- Susa imithi eyosulelekileyo: Ukuba umthi wosuleleke kakhulu, ukuwususa kunokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukwanda kwesi sifo kweminye imithi ekufutshane. Kucetyiswa ukuba banqunyulwe nge-flush (nokuba basuse iingcambu) kwaye batshiswe ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuthena: Ukuthenwa rhoqo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umthwalo wesifo kumthi osulelekileyo, ukuwuvumela ukuba ugxile kumasebe anempilo kunye namagqabi. Noko ke, xa umngundo uhlasela iingcambu, ngamanye amaxesha oku akuncedi ukuzisindisa.
- Unyango ngamachiza: Unyango lwemichiza, olufana nemichiza yokungunda, lunokunceda ukulawula ukusasazeka kwesi sifo nokunciphisa ifuthe laso kwisityalo.
Ukuba ekugqibeleni kufuneka ususe umthi womnquma, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba i-fungus inokuhlala emhlabeni, ngoko umhlaba kufuneka uphathwe ngaphambi kokutyala nantoni na.
Indlela yokukhusela i-verticillium
Alithandabuzeki elokuba i-olive verticillium wilt sisifo esibulalayo. Yiyo loo nto ukuthintela kuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela esi sifo singachaphazeli imithi yomnquma nezinye izityalo.
Yaye yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uyithintele? Ewe, sicebisa oku kulandelayo:
- Khetha iintlobo ezixhathisayo: Azikho zonke, kodwa kukho iintlobo zomnquma ezixhathisa ngakumbi kule fungus.
- Nyanga umhlaba: I-fungus ebangela i-verticillium wilt ingahlala emhlabeni iminyaka emininzi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyicoca. Oku kuquka ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo, ukubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni phambi kokutyala, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula.
- Ukunkcenkceshela okufanelekileyo: Imithi yomnquma kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda uxinezeleko lwamanzi, nto leyo enokwenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni sosulelo lwe-verticillium wilt. Ngale ndlela, kunqande ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ungakwenzi ngezona yure zishushu kakhulu.
- Ulawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo: Ngale ndlela, abayi kuba sengozini yefungus (kuba izinambuzane kunye nezinye izifo zinokubenza buthathaka.
- Ukuthena okufanelekileyo: Inceda ukugcina impilo jikelele yemithi yomnquma. Kufuneka ususe iinkuni ezifileyo kunye nezigulayo, kwaye uphephe ukuthena ngeenyanga zemvula.
Ngaba ukhe wajongana ne-olive verticillium wilt? Wenza ntoni ukuzama ukusindisa umthi okanye abo bawungqongileyo?