Yazi i izinambuzane zomnquma wasendle Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuzibona ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqale unyango lokuphelisa izinambuzane. Ekubeni ezi, nangona zibonakala zingenabungozi, zinokude zibangele ukufa komthi.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izitshabalalisi nezifo ezichaphazela olu didi kunye nento esinokuyenza xa sifumanisa ukuba kukho into eyonakalisa impilo yomthi wethu.
Ukubaluleka komnquma wasendle
Ngelo xesha, xa uzama iimpawu zomnquma wasendle, sele sibonile ukuba luhlobo oluthile lwasendle lomnquma. Nangona ingakhuliswanga urhwebo ngeziqhamo zayo, injalo Inexabiso elikhulu ngendalo, kunye nembali kunye nenkcubeko.
Umnquma wasendle ngumthombo obalulekileyo wezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwi-ecosystem yeMeditera. Ekubeni inika indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kwinani elikhulu le iintaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, izinambuzane, kwanezinambuzane.
Idume ngokuxhathisa kwayo kwizifo kunye nezinambuzane ezenza umonakalo omkhulu kwimithi yomnquma elinywayo. Ngesi sizathu, kwenziwa umsebenzi kwiinkqubo zokuphucula ufuzo ukuze ukudlulisa oku kuxhathisa kwendalo kwiintlobo zomnquma ezilinywayo.
Lo mthi unweba iingcambu zawo nzulu, ngaloo ndlela unceda ukuzinzisa umhlaba kwaye uthintele ukhukuliseko. Into ethi eminye imithi kunye nezityalo ezikwimekobume yazo zizuze kuyo. Ngaphandle koko, Inomhlaba obalulekileyo kunye nexabiso lokuhombisa.
Kwaye asinakulibala ukuba ibe yinxalenye yenkcubeko yeMeditera kangangeenkulungwane, ngoko ke lilifa lendalo elifanele ukulondolozwa.
Izinambuzane zomnquma wasendle
Masiqale ngezitshabalalisi ezinokuchaphazela umthi womnquma wasendle:
Umnquma ubhabha
Le mpukane iwonakalisa umthi womnquma olinyiweyo nakwinguqulelo yawo yasendle. Kuba imibungu itya isiqhamo kwaye yenza umonakalo kwisityalo, ukunciphisa umgangatho wayo kunye nobuninzi.
Nokuba umnquma wasendle awutyiwa, kungcono ukuwugcina ukhuselekile kwesi sitshabalalisi.
i-mealybug emnyama
Esi sinambuzane sitya incindi yamagqabi. amasebe omnquma kunye namasebe omnquma wasendle. Ukuba uhlaselo alunabungozi kakhulu, luya kwenza buthathaka umthi, kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwaye kunciphise kokubili ukukhula kunye nemveliso.
iaphid yomnquma
Iintwala zizinambuzane ezitya incindi yamagqabi kunye namahlumelo athambileyo omthi womnquma wasendle, ngokufanayo nendlela i mealybug eyenza ngayo.
Ukuba umthi uhlaselwe, awuyi kuba buthathaka kuphela, kodwa uya kuba sengozini yokugula.
Inundu lomnquma
Imibungu yeli nundu itya iintyatyambo namagqabi amatsha eminquma yomnquma neyendle. Zinokubangela umonakalo kwiintyatyambo zeentyatyambo kunye kuchaphazela amandla okuvelisa umthi.
umsebenzi wasemgodini wamagqabi
Sinambuzane esinombungu odla amagqabi. Umonakalo abanokuwenza mkhulu kangangokuba uchaphazela amandla omthi okwenza ifotosynthesize.
iingcambu nematodes
Ziyosulela iingcambu zomnquma kwaye zibangele umonakalo kwiingcambu; ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa amanzi omthi kunye namandla okufunxa izondlo.
Izifo ezinokuchaphazela umnquma wasendle
Izifo onokuthi ube nazo umnquma wasendle zinokuba yingozi ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, kodwa zonke zimele zinyangwe ukuze kuncitshiswe amandla azo okwenzakalisa umthi.
Ukubola okupheleleyo
Esi sifo sibi sibangelwa ngumngundo wohlobo lwePhytophthora. I-pathogen ichaphazela ingcambu, kwaye Ibangela ukubola kunye necrosis.
Ezinye zeempawu zayo ezibonakalayo zezi:
- Amagqabi kunye namasebe abuna ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi kwindawo ephezulu yesithsaba.
- Amagqabi ajika abe tyheli aze awe phambi kwexesha.
- Isantya sokukhula komthi siyehla.
- Ukwemba emazantsi omthi womnquma wasendle, unokubona ukuba iingcambu zabo zibolile.
Ingxaki yokubola kweengcambu kukuba umngundo obangela ukuba uxhathise kakhulu xa sele uzinzile. Inyaniso, Ayimangalisi into yokuba ekugqibeleni ibangele ukufa komthi.
Olona nyango lulungileyo kukusebenzisa ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo lokuthintela, ukuphepha kuzo zonke iindleko ukuba ukufuma kuqokelele kwiingcambu zomthi. Kuba ikwindawo ezifumileyo apho umngundo uziva “usekhaya.”
isebe lomnquma
Esi sifo saziwa ngokuba yindawo emnyama yomnquma, kwaye sinokuchaphazela umnquma wasendle okanye umthi womnquma wasendle. Ibangelwa yifungus Cycloconium oleaginum kwaye, Nangona sisifo esixhaphakileyo phakathi kwemithi yomnquma, Loo nto ayikwenzi ukuba ibe nzulu kangako.
Njengazo zonke iimeko apho ukusuleleka kwefungal kwenzeka, unobangela osisiseko kukufuma kakhulu kumthi. Kwimeko ethile yale fungus, ukuqala ukusebenza, Ifuna ukufuma kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Yiyo loo nto ixhaphake kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Phakathi kweempawu zayo sigxininisa:
- Ukubonakala kweesetyhula okanye ezingaqhelekanga ezimnyama ezimnyama okanye amabala amnyama emagqabini.
- Amabala anokukhula kwaye ahlangane kunye.
- Amagqabi ajika abe tyheli aze awe phambi kwexesha.
- Ukuba ukuwa kwamagqabi kuninzi kakhulu, imveliso yeziqhamo iya kuhla.
Indlela yokuphatha izinambuzane zomnquma wasendle kunye nezifo zabo?
Into yokuqala kukuhlala uqhuba isenzo sokuthintela, ukuthatha amanyathelo ukwenzela ukuba umthi ayichatshazelwa zizinambuzane okanye ngumngundo okanye ezinye iintsholongwane.
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba kukho undonakele, zama ukufumanisa okwenzekayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngale ndlela unokuqalisa ukusebenzisa iyeza.
Kwimeko yohlaselo lwezinambuzane, ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa izitshabalalisi zendalo, ezibangela umonakalo omncinci kwindalo kwaye azichaphazeli ezinye iintlobo ezilungileyo kwimithi, njengeenyosi.
Ukuba isifo sibangelwa yi-fungus, sebenzisa i-fungicide, susa amasebe awonakele kakhulu, kwaye Qinisekisa ukuba iingcambu azifumani ukufuma ngaphezu koko zikufunayo.
Zombini izitshabalalisi zomthi womnquma wasendle kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ngumngundo zinokukhokelela ekufeni komthi, ngoko yinto ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo kakhulu.