Ekwindla lixesha legolide lokukhetha amakhowa. Baninzi abantu abathanda ukuthi baqokelele amakhowa azo zonke iintlobo ukonwabela amandla abo okupheka emva koko. Kuxhomekeke kwimvula enethe ngexesha lentwasahlobo kunye nezaqhwithi eziqhelekileyo zasehlotyeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba inani lamakhowa akhoyo kunye nolwahlukileyo liza kwahluka minyaka le. Ukwazi indlela yokwahlula ukuba i-mushroom inetyhefu okanye akunjalo kubalulekile ekuphepheni naziphi na iingxaki emva kokuvuna. Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ku ungaxela njani ukuba amakhowa ayatyiwa okanye anetyhefu
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo, le yiposti yakho.
Ungaxela njani ukuba amakhowa ayatyiwa okanye anetyhefu
Enye yezona zinto zokutya zinqwenelekayo ngexesha lokuvuna ngamakhowa ahlukeneyo esiwafumana kumahlathi afumileyo. Kuyinto eyonwabisayo kunye nokuzonwabisa kunye neyokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba ngumsebenzi oyingozi ukuba awazi kakuhle ukuba amakhowa atyhefu kwaye atya ntoni.
Ukuze sikwazi ukwahlula ukuba i-mushroom iyityhefu, kufuneka kuqala sazi ukhetho lwamakhowa kwaye siwachonge iinyawo nomnqwazi. Phakathi kwalawa makhowa anenyawo nomnqwazi kukho ezinye ezinetyhefu kwaye zezo zihlala zinobume bamathumbu okanye ubuchopho entloko. Ukuze ube yingcali yokwahlula amakhowa atyayo anetyhefu, onke amalungu e-mushroom kufuneka ahlalutywe: hymenium, umnqwazi kunye neenyawo.
IHymenium yamakhowa
I-hymenium yinxalenye enika ukuchuma kwamakhowa. Kukwaziwa ngegama le carpophorus. Kulapho i-cell fusion yokwenyani yenzeka khona kunye ne-spores eziveliswayo eziya kuthi kamva zivelise abantu abatsha. Le hymenium ihlala ikwindawo ekhuselekileyo ye-mushroom ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo ekuveliseni kwayo. Njengoko unokulindela, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hymenium kwaye kuya kufuneka ufunde ukwahlula. Ngokwesiqhelo ihlala ibekwa phantsi komnqwazi kwaye zahlulwe zaziindidi ezi-4: amashiti, iityhubhu ezahluliweyo, ukucenga kunye nokubola.
Esinye isalathisi esibalulekileyo kukuqhekeka kwenyama. Kuxhomekeke kwimowudi onayo amakhowa aqhekeza inyama yawo singahlulahlule sibe yimicu okanye yaphuke okwitshokhwe okanye iinkozo. Lo mlinganiswa ngenxa ukwakhiwa yeseli kwezihlunu mushroom. Kwezinye kukho iiseli ezibalaseleyo ezide kwaye zibhityile ezaziwa ngegama lehyphae. Kwelinye icala, kukwakho amakhowa aneeseli ezingqukuva ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-spherocysts. Ezi seli zi-spherical zidibana kunye ne-hyphae kwaye zezona zinika inyama i-chalky okanye i-texture enkulu.
Uninzi lwama-mushroom anetyhefu athanda ukuba lelo qela, kuthi xa inyama yaphukile, kubonakale ngathi kukho ifayibha. Kukho iindidi ezimbalwa kuphela zamakhowa ayityhefu aphula okwetshokhwe. Uphawu olwahlulahlula kukuba bathambekele ekubeni nencasa eqholiweyo.
Umbala wespore
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo ukuba sifuna ukwazi ukuba amakhowa ayatyiwa na okanye yityhefu ngumbala weebhotile. Olona phawu kunzima ukuluqonda kuzo zonke iintlobo zamakhowa. Ukwazi inqanaba, kuya kufuneka uvumele I-spores inokufakwa ephepheni. Ukujonga umbala we-lamellae, kufuneka ujonge kwimizekelo evuthiweyo. Kuxhomekeka kumbala wale lamellae, umbala eziya kuthi zibe nawo ii-spores ungamelwa kakuhle.
Kukho imibala emi-4 esisiseko yesipore: mhlophe, mdaka, pinki kwaye umnyama. Singakufunda ukufakwa kwamacwecwe ngendlela ezibekwe ngayo ngokubhekisele kunyawo. Le yinto ebalulekileyo ekwahlula ukuba i-mushroom inetyhefu okanye iyatyiwa. Ezinye iipleyiti ziyehla zibaleke inyawo kwaye ezinye zezohlobo lokuphinda-phinda unyukela phezulu kunyawo. Oku kwaziwa njengeepleyiti zokuqhekeza kunye nezibonelelo.
Ukwahlulahlula olu hlobo lwee-blade kunzima ngakumbi kuba kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuba unyawo lwahlula ngokulula kwi-hat eyodwa. Ingathi unyawo luyasuswa kwaye liza kushiya uhlobo lomjikelezo womjikelo wenyawo ujikeleze unyawo. Ukuba yaphuka ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo, singathetha ngamashiti asezantsi kunye nasimahla. Ukuba unyawo kunzima ukwahlula, singathetha ngezinye iintlobo zamashiti.
Intsalela yesigqubuthelo
Xa amakhowa esekuqaleni kokukhula kwawo, agqunywa ngamagqabi ahlukeneyo njengewebhu okanye inwebu ecekethekileyo ekhusela amakhowa kwiimeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo. Njengoko zikhula, uninzi lweentlobo luphulukana ngokupheleleyo nentsalela yezi zigqubuthelo kwaye ezinye ziyigcina. Ubukho bolunye lwezi ntsalela ngumba ophambili xa kufikwa kumba wokwahlula ukuba amakhowa ayatyiwa na okanye ayityhefu.
Ezona ntlobo zigqumayo zezi zilandelayo: Ibuyela emazantsi onyawo, iintsumpa kumnqwazi ezihlala ngokulula zinokutsalwa ngomnwe, iringi elunyaweni kunye nekhethini efana nokhokho obubekwe phakathi komphetho womnqwazi nonyawo.
Amakhowa aqhelekileyo ayityhefu eSpain
- Amanita phalloides: Ngumzekelo obangela elona nani liphezulu leetyhefu kwinqanaba ngokubanzi. Ubuhlungu beli khowa linokubulala umntu kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa.
- I-agaric yempukane: Eli khowa alinakubhidaniswa nokhakhayi abaqhelekileyo abangenabungozi. Ukungeniswa kwe-agaric ye-fly kungabangela iziphumo ze-neurotoxic kunye neziphumo ezibi.
- fly agaric: Iziphumo zokusebenzisa la makhowa ziyabulala. Luhlobo lwe-mushroom olukhulayo, ngakumbi ngexesha lasentwasahlobo.
- USathana uBoletus: lelinye lamakhowa ohlobo lweBoletus eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yityhefu. Nangona ityhefu yayo ingekho ndlongondlongo njengegama layo. Ukuba uyatya, unokuziva ubuhlungu bamathumbu, umkhuhlane kunye nokugabha. Esi siphumo siyonyuswa ukuba siyasetyenziswa siluhlaza.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazi ukuba amakhowa ayatyiwa okanye ayityhefu.