Kumawaka amaninzi, amawaka eminyaka, oko kukuthi, thina Homo sapiens, savela kwiplanethi malunga neminyaka engama-200.000 eyadlulayo, besisoloko sinolwalamano olusenyongweni kakhulu nezityalo. Enkosi kubo ukuze sikwazi ukuzikhusela engqeleni nakwilanga eligqatsayo, siye sakwazi ukuzondla kwaye, kwakhona, siye safunda ukuphilisa amanxeba kunye nezinye izigulo.
Ukuzibuza ukuba yintoni i-ethnobotany kukubuza ukuba loluphi ulwalamano esinalo ngenene kunye nobukumkani bezityalo kwaye ke kutheni zibaluleke kangaka kuthi.
Yintoni inkcazo yeethnobotany?
I-Ethnobotany (ukusuka kwi-Greek ethnos ethetha abantu kunye nengca yezityalo) Yinzululwazi efunda ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu nendawo yezityaloOko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kunye nendlela esinokuzisebenzisa ngayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kwaye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Nangona, njengoko besitshilo, besisebenzisa izityalo ukuze sizuze amawaka eminyaka, i-ethnobotany yavela kwinkulungwane yama-77 AD. C., xa ugqirha ongumgqirha wase-Greek u-Dioscorides epapasha "u-De Materia Medica", ikhathalogu yokuqala enezityalo ezingama-600 zeMeditera ezichaza indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kwezonyango. Kule herbarium ibonisiweyo unokufumana ulwazi malunga nenye nganye: zithathwe phi kwaye zithathwe njani, nokuba zinetyhefu, zisetyenziswa ngoku, nokuba ziyatyiwa okanye akunjalo. Kwizizukulwana ezininzi abafundi bafunda kule herbarium, kodwa khange bangene kule ndawo kude kube ngamaXesha Aphakathi.
Ukusukela ngoko, abanye abaninzi bapapasha imizekeliso ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, enje nge "Species Plantarum" ebhalwe ngu Carlos Linnaeus (1753), esinetyala kuye i-Binomial Nomenclature Method, apho zonke iintlobo zinamagama amabini (uhlobo nohlobo), okanye »Izityalo ze abantu baseTewa »baseNew Mexico, epapashwe nguBarbara Freire-Marreco ngo-1916.
Kufundwa njani ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo?
Indlela yokufunda ngokusetyenziswa kwezityalo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- I-Primero, Chaza iingqikelelo. Umzekelo, ukuba bayazi ukuba kukho isityalo esinokuba ngamayeza, ngoku kuxa beveza umbono wabo.
- Emva bayaphanda, ezincwadini nakwindawo abahlala kuyo.
- Ke Bahlanganisa iinkcukacha manani kwaye uhlalutye idatha.
- Ekugqibeleni, tolika iziphumo kwaye ujonge ii-hypotheses zabo.
Kutheni kubalulekile?
Enkosi kufundo lwezityalo, lonke uluntu lunokuxhamla ngendlela efanayo kubo. Sinokwazi, enkosi kwiincwadi, zeziphi izityalo ezinokuba luncedo kuthi kwaye zeziphi ezingekhoyo.
I-Ethnobotany sisifundo esinomdla kakhulu, awucingi? 🙂