Izityalo ezinenxalenye etyiwayo zihlala zikhokelela ekubeni zibe nezona zinambuzane zinezifo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane, umngundo, iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya ezichaphazelekayo kubo. UmdiliyaOwona mkhweli uthandwa kakhulu ngexesha leeholide zeKrisimesi, unelishwa lokuba sesichengeni kakhulu kwiintlobo zeentwala ezaziwa njenge phylloxera.
Esi sisibetho esibi esaphantse sazitshabalalisa izidiliya zaseMalaga ngo-1878. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, sinokufumana iingcambu ezinganyangekiyo, kodwa ... Singazi njani ukuba isityalo sethu sine-phylloxera?
Yintoni umdiliya phylloxera?
I-phylloxera yomdiliya, enegama lezesayensi IViteus vitifoliaeyinzalelwane yase aphid eUnited States, apho itya khona amagqabi kunye neengcambu zomdiliya waseMelika. Umjikelo wakhe kwezi zityalo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Amaqanda angaphezulu kwamagqabi kwixolo lesityalo.
- Iqanduselwa ngo-Matshi-Epreli (kuMntla weIkhweyitha), kuvela isibungu.
- Umbungu uya emagqabini kwaye uwalume emazantsi, apho kwenziwa khona inyongo etyheli, kwaye ibeka amaqanda angama-600.
- I-10% yala maqanda ahlala esenza iigall kumagqabi (anokuba yi-neogallic-chicken aphids), ngelixa i-90% ifudukela kwiingcambu (neogallic-root aphids).
Iifilloxeras zehla kwiingcambu zasebusika ezingcanjini kude kube nguJuni, eziba zii-nymphs. Imazi nganye ibeka iqanda kuqweqwe, ngaloo ndlela iqale umjikelo omtsha.
Zintoni iimpawu / ukonakala kwazo?
Umonakalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, umbi kakhulu. Sinokubabona kwi:
- Amagqabi: ukubonakala kwe-gill ye-thickness ethile, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, ngaphantsi.
- Ilifa: amaqhuma ngohlobo lwamaqhina okanye isifo sephepha esiphazamisa imisinga yencindi.
Kunyaka wokuqala asinakuqonda ukuba inayo, kodwa ngexesha lesibini, siza kubona ukuba imiphetho yamagqabi ilahlekelwa njani yiklorofili, ukuba iziqhamo ziwela ngaphambi kokuba zivuthwe kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isityalo siyafa ngenxa yokubola okusuka ezingcanjini .
Ngaba inokuthintelwa?
Ngethamsanqa, ewe. Uthintelo luqulathe fumana iintlobo zemidiliya yaseYurophu kwiingcambu ezinganyangekiyo kwi-phylloxera, njengeRiparia, iRupestris okanye iBerlandieri, nokuba inyulu okanye iyahlanganiswa.