Chestnut (Castanea sativa)

El isifuba Ungesinye sezihlahla zezithelo ezitshalwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda ezipholile zomhlaba: hhayi nje kuphela isithelo saso, esiphundu, kepha futhi nenani laso lokuhlobisa nokuba rusticity. Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, kungenye yalezo zitshalo okuthi, njengoba zikhula, zinikeze umthunzi omnandi, into ngokungangabazeki eyaziswa ehlobo.

Ukugcinwa kwayo akunzima, yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi lapho isimo sezulu singesihle (okungukuthi, uma sipholile, sithambekele ekufudumaleni, esikhundleni sokubanda) imvamisa iba nezinkinga ngenxa yokungabekezelelani okuncane nokushisa okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kumnandi kakhulu ukuhlangana naye. Uyathanda? 🙂

Umsuka nezici

I-protagonist yethu isihlahla esinqumayo esinegama lesayensi I-Castanea sativa. Ivela eningizimu yeYurophu nase-Asia Minor. Ikhula ibe ukuphakama okungamamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30, sinomqhele obanzi ngandlela thile nesiqu esifinyelela kumamitha amabili ubukhulu esinamagxolo ansundu, siphinde siqhekeke isikhathi eside kuzinhlobo ezindala kakhulu, futhi sibushelelezi kulezi ezisencane.

Amaqabunga angama-8 kuya kuma-22cm ubude ngo-4,5 kuya ku-8cm ububanzi, futhi awekho obala, anesisisekelo esiyindilinga, umkhawulo onamanzi, acwebezelayo ngaphezulu nangaphezulu e-pubescent engaphansi. Anombala oluhlaza, yize ekwindla aphenduka aphuzi ngaphambi kokuwa.

Izimbali zesilisa zingama-catkins afinyelela ku-20cm, kanti ezesifazane zakhiwe ngezitayela ezi-7 kuya kwezi-9 esiqongweni se-ovary, futhi zinombala okhilimu. Bahluma entwasahlobo.

Y izithelo ziyi-subglobose dome embozwe ngameva afinyelela ku-11cm ubude. Ngaphakathi iqukethe ama-achenes angaba ngu-2-3, angama-chestnut, alinganiselwa ku-2-4cm, anomumo obusayo, futhi ayadliwa.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nekhophi, sincoma ukuthi uyinikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Indawo

Kungumuthi okufanele ube njalo phesheya, ilanga eligcwele. Njengoba inkulu, kubalulekile ukuthi ibekwe ebangeni elincane lamamitha ayishumi ukusuka ezindongeni, ezindongeni, emapayipini, njll., Futhi okungenani kube yi-6m kusuka kwezinye izitshalo ezinkulu. Ngale ndlela, izokwazi ukukhula kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kuzoba yinjabulo ukucabanga ngobuhle bayo 😉.

Umhlaba

• Isibindi: ikhula enhlabathini epholile futhi enomswakama, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, futhi i-acidic kancane.
• Imbiza yezimbali: Akusona isitshalo sokukhula ebhodweni impilo yonke yaso, kepha phakathi neminyaka yaso yobuncane futhi njengoba sikhula ngezinga eliphakathi nendawo, singaba sinye ngesimbumbulu (sithole lapha) kuhlanganiswe ne-30% perlite (kuyathengiswa lapha).

Ukunisela

Isihlahla se-chestnut yisitshalo esingamelani nesomiso, kepha asithandi ukukhukhula kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalapho, sigcina isikhathi (ngokwesibonelo, uma lina kakhulu ngezikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka, futhi lapho kukhona khona amanzi sihlala simile futhi sinamanzi, isihlahla ngeke silimale. Enye into kungaba uma lina ngaleyo ndlela kaningi).

Ngakho-ke, ukugwema izinkinga, ngokwesilinganiso kunconywa ukuyinisela kathathu ngesonto ehlobo, futhi kanye noma kabili ngesonto unyaka wonke. Kepha qaphela, lokhu kufanele kuthathwe njengokuqondisa: uma lina kaningi endaweni yangakini, awudingi ukunisela kakhulu; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma lina kancane, kungadingeka ukuthi ukwandise imvamisa yokuchelela.

Umbhalisile

Kungakuhle ukuyikhokha ngayo Umanyolo wemvelo entwasahlobo nasehlobo, Okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Umanyolo uthanda isitibhili (ungakuthola ngempuphu lapha noketshezi lapha), noma i- umquba wenkukhu (Uma uyithola isha, mayime elangeni okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10) zinothe kakhulu ngomsoco futhi zizokuvumela ukuthi zikhule ziphilile.

Uma kwenzeka uyifaka ebhodweni, sebenzisa umanyolo ongamanzi, ulandela imiyalo ebekiwe esitsheni.

Ukuvuna

Ama-chestnut avunwa phakathi ukuwa.

Ukuphindaphinda

Iphindaphindeka kalula wembewu ebusika. Indlela yokuqhubeka yile elandelayo:

1. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthola ama-chestnut, noma ngabe avela esihlahleni uqobo noma esitolo sokudla semvelo (kulokhu, thatha lawo athengiswa ngobuningi, ngokwemvelo).
2. Bese ugcwalisa ibhodwe elingu-20cm nge-mulch elihlanganiswe ne-30% perlite, bese uchelela kahle.
3. Bese ufafaza ithusi noma isibabule ukuvimbela ukuvela kwefungus.
4. Okulandelayo, beka izimbewu ezimbili kuphela ebhodweni, uzimboze ngongqimba lwe-substrate obukhulu ngokwanele ukuze zingadalulwa kakhulu.
5. Ekugcineni, beka ibhodwe ngaphandle, ngomthunzi omncane.

Kodwa-ke, nokugcina i-substrate imanzi kepha ingamanzi, zizohluma kuyo yonke intwasahlobo.

Izinhlupho nezifo

• Uyinki wesitshulu: yisifo esidalwa yisikhunta I-Phytophtora cambivora y I-Phytophtora cinnamomi. Isuka ezimpandeni iye esihlahleni sonke, idale ukufa okuqhubekayo kwamahlumela apical kanye necrotization yezicubu ezingaphansi kwegxolo.
  Ukwelapha, kufanele sisebenzise ama-fungicides asuselwa ethusi, kepha okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ukukuvimbela ngokulawula izingozi nokuthenga izibonelo ezinempilo.
• Ukuhlaselwa kusuka isibankwa esinezinwele (ILymantria yehlukile) nesimvemvane sesisila esinsundu (Ama-chrysorrhoeas e-euproctis). Ziyi-Lepidoptera ezimbili ezondla ngobuningi bamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi amathenda.
  Bangalwa nabo insipho ye-potassium o uwoyela we-neem.

Isibindi

Imelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike -17ºC, kodwa abangasekho bayamlimaza. Ukushisa okwedlulele (ngaphezulu kuka-30ºC) akukuthandi nakho. Ayikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Isebenzani?

Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukusetshenziswa njengesihlahla somhlobiso, njengesibonelo esizimele noma ngamaqembu, ngaphandle kokungabaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusakazwa kabanzi yileso sesihlahla sezithelo. Izithelo zawo, ama-chestnut, ayadliwa, futhi empeleni anomsoco kakhulu. Inani layo lokudla okunempilo ngama-gramu ayi-100 limi ngokulandelayo:

• Amakhalori225 kcal
• Ama-carbohydrate: 44,17g
• Amafutha: 1,25g
• amaprotheni: 52g
• Uvithamini B1: 0,144mg
• Vitamin B2: 0,016mg
• Vitamin B3: 1,102mg
• Vitamin B6: 0,352mg
• I-Vitamin C: 40,2mg
• Calcio: 19mg
• hierro: 0,94mg
• magnesium: 30mg
• Iphosphorus: 38mg
• Potassium: 484mg
• Isodiyamu: 2mg
• Zinc: 0,49mg

Ziyini izinzuzo zama-chestnut?

Yidla ama-chestnut njalo njalo kuzosisiza sihlale siphilile, ngoba ziyasutha, ziqinisa amazinyo namathambo, zikhuthaza ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa, zivikele inhliziyo, zithuthukise ukuhamba kwamathumbu futhi zingadliwa uma kune-anemia njengoba iqukethe i-iron.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ukuthandile okufundile nge-chestnut 🙂.