Yini amaCormophytes?

Lapho ukhuluma nge- ama-cormophytesZisuka nje, ungahle ungazi kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lwezitshalo esibhekise kulo. Kepha ngikholwe, kuleli qembu kunenye yezinhlobo ezivame ukuhlobisa izingadi namasimu.

Izimbali ezizikhiqizayo zinhle kakhulu futhi zinemibala emihle, kunzima ukungami bese uyazibuka. Yini enye, eziningi zazo zikhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu.

Kuyini lokhu?

Igama elithi cormophyte linezincazelo ezimbili. Owokuqala olandelayo: kuyisitshalo esingapheli, okusho ukuthi, siphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, sine-corm, futhi silahlekelwa yingxenye yaso yasemoyeni (amacembe, iziqu) ebusika. I-corm yisiqu esingaphansi komhlaba, esinesizinda sokuvuvukala futhi sinezikhukhula ezithile lapho kuvela khona amahlumela, yingakho amaqabunga nezimbali. Yakhiwe ngamaqabunga omile avikela ingaphakathi.

Inokufana okuningana kuma-bulb; empeleni, izitshalo ze-cormophytic zivame ukufakwa ngaphakathi kweqembu elinama-bulbous, futhi zivame ukutshalwa ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi iziqu zombili ziqoqa izinto ezinomsoco futhi zinokuma okucishe kufane, uma siwela i-corm ngeke sibone izindandatho ezigxile kalula njengoba kungenzeka uma sisika isibani.

Incazelo yesibili ilula: kuyisitshalo esinezimpande, iziqu namaqabunga, futhi siqhuba izitsha zobisi kuzo zonke izingxenye zalo. Lezi zivame kakhulu, futhi zichichima kakhulu futhi. Lokhu kufaka zonke izitshalo ze-spermatophyte (ezikhiqiza imbewu), nama-pteridophytes (angama-ferns).

Imvelaphi yayo ihlehlela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 edlule. Ngaphambi kwazo, izitshalo ezimbalwa ezazikhona zazitholakala olwandle kuphela, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi yilapho impilo yaqala khona. Ukushintshwa kusuka endaweni yasemanzini kuya emhlabeni kwakungumshintsho omkhulu, ngoba ukuze baphile kwakudingeka bafunde ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngenkathi begwema ukulahleka kwamanzi.

Futhi bakwenze kanjani lokho? Yebo, ukuvumelanisa ukwakheka kwamaqabunga. Ngokuqondile, ngokuguqula i-epidermis, enesendlalelo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu samaseli akha i-cuticle. Lokhu ukumboza okwenza ukuthi ishidi lingangeni manzi. Futhi, ngenxa yayo, amanzi angaphakathi avinjelwe ukulahleka.

Ziyini izingxenye zemifino ye-cormophyte?

Lolu hlobo lwezitshalo aqukethe izimpande, iziqu namaqabunga. Kepha, yize ingxenye ngayinye ihlukaniswe kahle, konke kuvela endaweni efanayo. Izimpande zihluma futhi zikhulele emhlabathini, futhi womabili amaqabunga nesiqu kuvela phezulu.

Izibonelo ezi-6 zama-cormophytes

Kunezitshalo eziningi eziwela kuleli qembu, eziningi kangangokuba bekungeke kwenzeke ukuzisho zonke endabeni eyodwa. Ngalesi sizathu, sikhethe abanye ukukunikeza umbono wokuthi banjani:

I-Asplenium

I-Los I-Asplenium Zingama-ferns azalelwa e-Australia nase-Europe abonakala ngokwethula i-rhizome emfushane okusuka kuyo amaqabunga abizwa ngokuthi amahlumela. Lokhu kungaba lula futhi kube yi-lanceolate, noma kungahlukaniswa kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwayo kuyahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo, bekwazi ukukala amasentimitha angama-20 cishe kube imitha.

I-Crocus 

Izitshalo zenhlobo I-Crocus zingomunye walabo abethula i-corm. Zitholakala eYurophu, e-Asia, naseNyakatho Afrika. Azivamile ukweqa amasentimitha angama-30 ukuphakama, futhi amaqabunga awo aluhlaza futhi made. Izimbali cishe zingamasentimitha ayi-15 ubude, futhi ziyaqhakaza entwasahlobo.

Dioon

I-Dioon yizitshalo ezivela eMelika. Zibukeka zifana kakhulu I-cycas, futhi empeleni zingeze-oda elifanayo (ama-cycadales), kepha ukuthwala kwazo namaqabunga, kanye ne-inflorescence yazo kuhlukile. Zingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1-2, inamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, iphinifa ngamaphini amafushane, futhi inesikhumba.

I-Helianthus

Lezo zitshalo ezingaphansi kohlobo lwe-Helianthus ziyi-herbaceous yonyaka noma engapheli finyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1 no-5. Ziba neziqu eziqondile noma ezikhuphukayo, futhi amaqabunga awo ngokuvamile makhulu, afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-12, aphuzi ngombala.

I-Pinus

Izitshalo zenhlobo I-Pinus zingamaphayini, ama-conifers avela enyakatho Nenkabazwe avame ukukhula njengezihlahla (kuyaqabukela njengezihlahlana) ezinomqhele wepiramidi noma oyindilinga. Isiqu sikhula sithambekele ngandlela thile, sifike ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-7 ukuphakama. Zitholakala emahlathini aphakeme kakhulu, kodwa futhi nasolwandle, njenge I-Pinus halepensis isibonelo.

I-Rhopalostylis

Izinhlobo zohlobo lweRhopalostylis yizintende ezidabuka eSouth Pacific. Zinesigodo esincanyana esingaba ngamasentimitha angama-30, namaqabunga aphinyiwe aphakathi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwayisi-3 ubude. Zingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10-15 kuye ngokuhlukahluka.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunama-cormophyte amaningi. Iqiniso lokuthi ziningi kangaka libenza babe iqembu lezitshalo elithandeka kakhulu, ngoba kuneziningi ezilungele ukukhula noma kuphi.