Iphayini (i-Pinus)

El iphini ingenye yama-conifers esingayithola kakhulu enyakatho yezwe. Imvamisa, iyakhula njengesihlahla futhi ingadlula amamitha ayishumi, noma kunezinhlobo ezithile ezisele njengezihlahlana.

Yize namuhla izimpande zawo zaziwa njengezihlaselayo impela, kusese isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu ezingadini. Ukuze uma ucabanga ukutshala eyodwa, unganqikazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda 🙂.

Origen

Iphayini i-conifer eluhlaza njalo (Ilahlekelwa izinaliti -amahlamvu- kancane kancane njengoba izinsuku zihamba) ezalwa eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ngaphandle UPinus merkusii noma iphayini laseSumatran, njengoba igama lalo liphakamisa, lihlala esiqhingini saseSumatra.

Uhlobo, uPinus, yakhiwa izinhlobo eziyi-110 kwasatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika kubandakanya iMexico, i-Eurasia kufaka phakathi iCanary Islands, iRussia eseMpumalanga, iMpumalanga yeSiberia, iPhilippines, iNorway, kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga yeAsia. Eminingi yethulwe ezindaweni ezifudumele nezifudumele zaseNingizimu Nenkabazwe, njengeBrazil, i-Argentina, iChile, i-Australia noma i-Ecuador.

Umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ingenye yezinhlobo zakudala zezitshalo ezikhona, kusukela yavela ngesikhathi seCarboniferous, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-300 edlule, futhi ingesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa ezifakiwe kusigaba se- ukuzivocavocaNgamanye amagama, bakhiqiza imbewu "enqunu", ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, ngesikhathi semfundo ephakeme, izinhlobo eziningi zamanje zazivele zikhona.

Esikhathini esedlule, bekuyiSihlahla (esinjengalesi, sifakwe osonhlamvukazi par) par ubuhle. Izitshalo eziqhakazayo, angiosperms, azivelanga kuze kube yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-140 edlule, ngakho-ke uma sibheka Uphayini waphumelela kakhulu iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-260. Eqinisweni, yayikwazi ukwenza amakoloni ezifunda ezifudumele zalokho manje okuyi-Europe ne-Asia, phakathi kuka-50 kuya ku-70 degrees latitude latitude, kalula.

Kepha lokho kuduma bekungeke kuhlale unomphela, futhi lapho izitshalo eziqhakazayo ziqala ukuvela kwazo, insimu ebikade ihlala ama-conifers, ngakho-ke amaphayini, yaqala ukuncipha.

Futhi ngukuthi yize iphayini liyisitshalo esimelana kakhulu, izinga lokuhluma kanye nezinga lokukhula kwabo akunakulinganiswa nalokho kwama-angiosperms: ngenkathi imbewu yangaphambilini ingathatha unyaka owodwa ukuthi ihlume, leyo yezihlahla eziqhakazayo ingahluma emasontweni ama-1-2 (ngaphandle kokumbalwa). Futhi, ama-conifers ngokuvamile ahamba kancane, ngenkathi izihlahla ziqhakaza… kahle, akuzona lezo ezihamba kancane.

Izici

Iphayini iyi-conifer enomqhele ongaba yi-pyramidal noma oyindilinga, ikakhulukazi lapho umncane, futhi ubanzi lapho usukhulile. Amaqabunga, abizwa ngokuthi izinaliti, aqondile, aluhlaza okombala. Ama-cones ngokuvamile ahlukanisiwe, anama-scaly, futhi aqukethe imbewu enamaphiko. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama phakathi kwamamitha ama-3 kuye kwangama-60.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

• I-Pinus canariensis: uphayini we-canary. Njengoba igama layo likhombisa, ligcwele iziQhingi zaseCanary, futhi libhekwa nguHulumeni wesifunda njengophawu lwemvelo lwesiqhingi saseLa Palma. Ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-60 ukuphakama, nobubanzi besiqu obungu-3m. Inesimo se-parasol lapho isikhulile, ne-pyramidal lapho isencane.
  Isetshenziselwa izinkuni zayo, kepha futhi njengesihlobiso sobuhle bayo nokumelana nomlilo.
• I-Pinus halepensis: Iphayini le-Aleppo. Idabuka esifundeni saseMedithera, futhi ifinyelela ubude obufinyelela ku-25m. Isiqu sawo asivamile ukukhula siqonde, okuyinika ukubukeka okungajwayelekile.
  Ingenye yalezo ezimelana kahle kakhulu nomswakama namazinga okushisa aphezulu, yingakho isetshenziselwa ukongiwa kwenhlabathi esengozini yokuguguleka. Izinkuni zalo zisetshenziselwa nokwenza amabhokisi.
• UPinus sylvestris: Iphayini yaseScots noma uphayini waseScots. Ivela e-Eurasia futhi ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama. Isici saso esivelele kakhulu umbala obomvu noma we-russet wegxolo lawo, olinika ukubukeka okuhluke kakhulu. Umboko wayo uqondile, futhi umqhele wayo omdala awujwayelekile futhi ubanzi.
  Isetshenziselwa iphepha, ukwakhiwa ngokujwayelekile futhi njengomkhiqizo wokwelapha ngenxa ye-antiseptic, diuretic, antiviral, antipyretic, immunostimulating and expectorant properties.
• I-Pinus nigra: uphayini omnyama, eyaziwa nangokuthi iphayini elimnyama noma uphayini omnyama. Ikhula kusuka eningizimu yeYurophu, isuka eSpain iye eCrimea, futhi nase-Asia Minor, eCyprus nasendaweni yase-Atlas Mountains (Africa). Ikhula ibe ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha angama-20 kuya kwangama-55, ngesiqu esingaphezulu noma esincane esiqondile esinamaxolo ansundu ansundu noma amnyama grey.
  Isetshenziswa njengomhlobiso, njengoba imelana nesomiso kahle.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nekhophi, sincoma ukuthi uyinikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Indawo

Ukuba isitshalo esivame ukuba sikhulu futhi sinezimpande ezingenayo, Kumele itshalwe ngaphandle, ebangeni elingamamitha ayishumi ukusuka emapayipini, phansi, ezindongeni, njll. Kubalulekile ukuthi ibe selangeni eligcwele, kungenjalo ngeke ikhule kahle.

Umhlaba

Kuzoncika kohlobo, kepha ngokomthetho uma umhlaba uvundile futhi une i-drainage enhle ngeke zibe khona izinkinga.

Ukunisela

Maphakathi. Cishe ama-2 ngesonto ehlobo, futhi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-6-7 unyaka wonke.

Umbhalisile

Akudingekile, noma ngabe ufuna ungayithatha ngezikhathi ezithile-njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15, ngokwesibonelo- Earthworm humus noma umquba wenkomo.

Izihlahla

Akunconyiwe. I-Pine isitshalo esithatha isimo saso sokugcina njengoba sikhula. Akudingi ukuthenwa, ngaphandle uma kunamagatsha aphazamisa ukudlula, lapho ungawasusa khona ekupheleni kobusika.

Ukuphindaphinda

Iphindaphindeka ngezimbewu entwasahlobo. Indlela yokuqhubeka yile elandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, ithileyi lesithombo sehlathi ligcwele indawo ekhulayo yendawo yonke.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, iyaniselwa kahle bese kufafazwa ithusi noma isibabule ukuvimbela ukuvela kwesikhunta.
3. Imbewu bese iyahlwanyelwa, ifake okungenani ezimbili esokeni ngalinye.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho zimbozwa ungqimba oluncane lwe-substrate bese luniselwa futhi, kulokhu ngesifutho.
5. Ekugcineni, umbhede wembewu ubekwa ngaphandle, emthunzini omncane noma elangeni eligcwele.

Bazohluma ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Kuyamelana kakhulu, kokubili izinambuzane nezifo. Manje kunezinhlobo ezithile, njenge I-Pinus halepensis, esengozini ikakhulukazi udwendwe lwephayini. Yize kungenasidingo sokuthi ukhathazeke: nge I-Bacillus thuriengensis (kuyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.) ungalwa nayo kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuniselwa ngokweqile isikhunta sizosilimaza. Ukugwema lokhu, kufanele ulawule izingozi futhi, uma unentshisekelo yokuvimbela ngangokunokwenzeka, yiphathe ngethusi noma isulfure entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Isibindi

Kuzoya ngohlobo, kepha iningi limelana kuze kufike ku - 18ºC Ayikho inkinga. Uma unemibuzo nganoma iyiphi ethile, xhumana nathi 🙂.

Isebenzani?

Umhlobiso

I-Pine isitshalo esihlobisa kakhulu, esisetshenziswa njenge i-specimen ehlukanisiwe noma ngamaqembu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezilwa kanye / noma ezivimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, nezinye eziphikisana nesomiso nokungcola.

Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, kungasetshenziswa njenge-bonsai. Uma udinga imininingwane eminingi ngakho, chofoza lapha.

Ukwelapha

Njengoba siphawule ngenkathi sibona izinhlobo eziyinhloko, ezinye zinezinto zokwelapha ezithakazelisa kakhulu, njenge-Scots pine. Kepha qaphela, ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kufanele ubonane nodokotela.

Madera

Izinkuni zikaphayini zithandwa kakhulu yenza ifenisha.

Ucabangani ngophayini?