Ihlathi elinamanzi

Ihlathi eliqothukile liyindawo lapho yonke impilo, kokubili isitshalo nezilwane, kufanele ilwe ukuze iphile ngendlela eqine ukwedlula ehlathini elishisayo elinomswakama ngokwesibonelo. Futhi, njengoba amazinga okushisa engashintsha ezinyangeni, futhi imvula imvamisa iba ngesizini, ukuze baqhubekele phambili kufanele basebenzise kakhulu amazinga okushisa afudumele ukuze, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bahlale bephila, ngakolunye uhlangothi. basize banqobe isizini ebi kakhulu yonyaka.

Futhi yindawo lapho abantu bengazi khona ukusebenza kwendalo nokuthi isimo sezulu siyithinta kanjani, ngendlela okunzima kakhulu ukuyibona kwezinye izindawo.

Iyini incazelo yehlathi eliqothuliwe?

Ihlathi elinqunyiwe Yiso lapho izitshalo zivelele khona, ikakhulukazi izihlahla, eziphelelwa amaqabunga ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka. Kepha ngokuya ngendawo, ezimbili ziyahlukaniswa, ake sithi, ama-subtypes:

• Ihlathi elipholile eliqinile: yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-aetisilva noma i-estisilva. Njengoba igama layo likhombisa, itholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele zomhlaba, kubude obuphakathi kuka-35º no-50º. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu, ihlathi le-marcescente lifakiwe, okuyinto lapho izihlahla zingakhiphi amaqabunga awo omile kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
• Ihlathi elishisayo elishisayo: noma ihlathi elomile. Kubizwa nangokuthi ihlathi elomile noma i-hiemisilva. Itholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu, kanye nakwezifudumele. Lapha, kunenkathi ende eyomile kakhulu, ehlala izinyanga ezi-4 kuya kwezi-9, kepha wonke amanye amazinga okushisa ahlala phakathi kuka-25 no-30ºC futhi kunezimvula eziningi.

Ake sihlolisise izici zomuntu ngamunye.

Ihlathi elipholile eliqinile

Lolu hlobo lwehlathi Ujabulela izimvula ezingapheli noma ezincane kuzo zonke izinyanga, esiza izitshalo ukuba zikhule ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba amaqabunga ahlala ewa, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto eziphilayo (isibonelo, ubulembu bezilwane), umhlaba uvundile kakhulu.

Izikhathi zonyaka, njengoba sishilo, zichazwe kahle: intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla nobusika. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo ahlala engaphezulu kuka-0º, ngobukhulu obungu-30-35ºC kanye nobuncane obufinyelela ku -20ºC.. Ngokuya ngobude ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, nokuthi indawo isondele noma ikude kangakanani nenkabazwe, amazinga okushisa azoba mncane.

Ukulungiswa kwezitshalo

Ngenkathi ngiqala emkhakheni wezingadi, ngabona idokhumentari lapho kwakuthiwa amaqabunga ezihlahla ezinamakhaza ezindaweni ezifudumele azikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuwa kweqhwa. Yinto eyangidonsela amehlo ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ngase ngivele ngithanda ukubona izithombe zemapula nezihlahla ze-beech ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, lapho kungabanda khona kakhulu ebusika.

Lokho ebengingakwazi ukuthi, impela, amaqabunga athambile futhi awanawo amandla okuphila kulezi zimo. Hhayi njengama-conifer amaningi, akhiqiza i-antifreeze yawo, ngaleyo ndlela azivikele eqhweni naseqhweni. Kepha imephu ayinakubuzwa ukuthi igcine amahlamvu ayo ebusika. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, uma wonke amaqabunga awo esewile, entwasahlobo izokwazi ukuthola ezinye izakhi ezilahlekile.

Futhi lokho kungenye yezinguquko abazenzile. Kepha hhayi kuphela. Empeleni, ukuze ukwazi ukuphila kumele uphefumule, futhi ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumula udinga ukuniselwa ngamanzi. Kepha lapho isitshalo siphelelwa amaqabunga, sinciphisa isidingo saso samanzi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho kugcina lokho okugcina ngaphakathi (futhi yebo, bayaqhubeka nokuphefumula, kepha ngamalensi abanawo esiqwini nasemagatsheni).

Esinye isihloko esithandekayo ukuthi, lapho ihlathi liphelelwa ngumthunzi futhi isimo sezulu siqala ukuba ngcono, ebusika / entwasahlobo, kusetshenziselwa izitshalo eziningi ukukhula. Isibonelo, ihlathi laseNgilandi lishaya ngokukhethekile (futhi lihle, ngasendleleni), lapho limbozwe ngama-hyacinths asehlathini (igama lawo lesayensi ngu IHyacinthoides non-scripta). Kepha, kulawo makona lapho kungafinyeleli khona ukukhanya okuningi, amafern kanye nezinye izitshalo ezincane, ezinjengama-mosses noma izimbali zasendle, ziyakhula.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinqabayo zamahlathi asezingeni eliphansi

Kuningi esingakuthola ehlathini elipholile elinamakhaza. Baningi, ukuthi singenza uhlu olude futhi ngokuqinisekile singashiya abaningi. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma ngokuningi kakhulu eSpain:

• Ubulili Acer:
  • I-Acer campestre
  • I-Acer opalus (Naye futhi I-Acer opalus subsp. garnet)
  • I-Acer negundo
• UCarpinus betulus
• I-Castanea sativa (Chestnut)
• I-Fagus sylvatica (ngu)
• UGenus Quercus:
  • I-Quercus canariensis
  • I-Quercus coccifera
  • I-Quercus petraea
  • I-Quercus robur

Ihlathi elishisayo noma ihlathi elomile

Manje ake sikhulume ngehlathi elishisayo elishisayo, noma ihlathi elomile. Lokhu kutholakala nakuwo womabili ama-hemispheres, aphakathi kuka-10 no-20 degrees latitude.. Kuvamile ukuthi kube khona phakathi kwehlathi lemvula kanye ne-savanna noma ugwadule olusentshonalanga. Isimo sezulu sifudumele, sinamazinga okushisa acishe abe ngu-20ºC, angafika ku-30ºC, futhi njengoba lina nje ngobuningi izinyanga eziningi zilandelana, izitshalo zingakhula kahle, kuze kufike isikhathi sokomisa.

Ngokuya ngemvula, izinhlobo eziningana ziyabonakala:

• Ihlathi elomile elishisayo: Amazinga okushisa acishe abe ngu-25-30ºC, kanti imvula iba phakathi kuka-300 no-1500mm ngonyaka.
• Ihlathi elomile elingaphansi komhlaba: amazinga okushisa aphansi, ahlala ngaphezu kuka-15-25ºC. Imvula iphakathi kuka-500 no-1000mm.
• Ihlathi lemvula iMonsoon: iyona lapho ithola khona imvula engu-2000mm ngonyaka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, nalapho kunesizini eyomile.

Ezaziwa kakhulu yilezo zeGran Chaco noma iTumbes Region (eNingizimu Melika), noma ihlathi elomile laseMadagascar neNew Caledonia.

Ukulungiswa kwezitshalo

Izimila ezihlala ehlathini elomile bavame ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga lapho imvula iqala ukwehla. Kodwa ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka ezindaweni ezipholile, isimo sezulu sihlala sifudumele; Ngamanye amagama, abagcini ngokuyeka ukondla amaqabunga ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi, kodwa futhi nangenxa yokuthi amazinga okushisa ayaqhubeka nokufudumala. Kungaba sengathi eMedithera izihlahla ze-alimondi zilahlekelwe amahlamvu phakathi nehlobo, esikhundleni sasebusika (okuyinto ejwayelekile).

Kepha kuyathakazelisa lokho izinhlobo eziningi ezijwayele ukushisa zasezindaweni ezishisayo, zingaba luhlaza uma zikhona ezindaweni ezinomswakama kakhulu. Isibonelo salokhu yi-flamboyant (I-Delonix regia), isihlahla semvelo esivela ehlathini elomile laseMadagascar. Lokhu, uma kukhuliswe ngokwesibonelo engadini eshisayo, lapho ithola wonke amanzi ewadingayo, igcina amahlamvu awo unyaka wonke; kepha njengoba itshalwe endaweni eyomile, izolahleka, kushiye isiqu namagatsha kuphela kuze kubuye izimvula.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinqabayo zamahlathi omile

Sikhulume nge-flamboyant, kepha kunezinye izitshalo eziningi. Kubalulekile ukusho lokho kulolu hlobo lwehlathi akukho ukuhlukahluka okuningi njengasemahlathini emvula, kepha zigxila enanini elikhulu lezitshalo ezilusizo kubantu, mhlawumbe ngoba zinokudliwa okuthile kanye / noma ukuhlobisa. Isibonelo kukhona:

• Uhlobo Acacia:
  • I-Acacia farnesiana
  • I-Acacia tortilis
• IGenus Delonix:
  • UDelonix adansonioides
  • UDelonix i-floribunda
  • UDelonix decaryi
  • I-Delonix regia (phumlani)
  • UDelonix tomentosa
• Samane saman, noma isihlahla semvula
• UGenus Swietenia (the isihlahla sama-mahogany):
  • U-Swietenia uyazithoba
  • I-Swietenia macrophylla
  • Swietenia mahagoni

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamahlathi ahlabayo. Ngayinye inezici zayo, nezimbali zayo ezenza indawo eyingqayizivele.