Njengoba abaningi benu sebazi, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuphindaphinda imifino. Okunye okufisa ukwazi ukuxhunyelelwa. Ngale nqubo singathola izinhlobo eziningana zokuhluma esitshalweni esisodwa, inqobo nje uma zingezohlobo olufanayo, kunjalo. Kuyindlela enhle kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo, njengezilimo zamakhiwane. Kodwa ungaxhunyelelwa kanjani umkhiwane?
Kulesi sihloko sizophendula lo mbuzo omkhulu. echaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizosho ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sonyaka sokwenza lo msebenzi, ukuze siphumelele ngomphumela. Ngakho uma ucabangela ukuxhunyelelwa isihlahla somkhiwane, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Kuyini ukuxhunyelelwa futhi kwenziwani?
Ngaphambi kokuchaza indlela yokuxhunyelelwa komkhiwane, sizoqale sichaze ukuthi iyini le nqubo nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini. Le ndlela isekelwe ekusebenziseni ucezu lwesitshalo nokuluhlanganisa nesinye ukuze, lapho sesixhunyelelwe, sakhe isitshalo esisodwa. Ingxenye esiyixhunyelelwe esitshalweni esithile ihlangana naso futhi ikwazi ukuthola umsoco ngaso. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuthuthukisa izici zesitshalo ngokukhulisa ukumelana naso kanye/noma ukuthuthukisa izithelo zaso noma ukukhiqizwa kwaso.
Ukuze igraft iphumelele, kubalulekile ukuthi i-cambium yazo zombili izitshalo ihlangane, okuyingxenye yangaphakathi eluhlaza etholakala ngaphansi kwegxolo. Iwugqinsi oluncane kakhulu lwamaseli. Amaseli anesibopho sokudala izicubu ze-vascular akhiqizwa kuwo, lapho ubisi olunomsoco namanzi lugcina lujikeleza. Ngokukhiqizwa kwalesi zicubu ezintsha ezenziwe yi-cambium, zombili izingcezu zesitshalo zizokwazi ukushisela ndawonye.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zixhunywe ukuze zibe nezimpande ezihambisanayo ukuze inyunyana iphumelele. Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi ukuxhunyelelwa kufanele kwenziwe phakathi kwezinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile okuye kwaxhunyelelwa kuzo izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezahlukene, nakuba bezilokhu zihlobene. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuxhunyelelwa isihlahla samapheya (esohlobo IPyrus) ku-quince (wohlobo Cydonia). Ezinye izinhlobo ezivuma ukuxhunyelelwa phakathi kwazo yi-pistachio kanye ne-terebinth.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo ze-graft. Lezi zihluka kakhulu ngendlela yazo yokusebenzisa futhi ezinye zingase zibe ngcono ezitshalweni ezithile kunezinye. Ukwenza kahle le nqubo, ungathola izihlahla ezinhle kakhulu, ezidume kakhulu yilezi isihlahla se-frankenstein. Lesi sifanekiso selukuluku sidalwe uthisha wezobuciko waseMelika ogama lakhe lingu-Sam Van Aken futhi sikhiqiza izinhlobo ezingama-40 zezithelo zohlobo. Prunus.
Indlela yokuxhunyelelwa isihlahla somkhiwane isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi iyini indlela yokuxhunyelelwa, kufanele kuthiwe ngokuvamile ayisetshenziselwa ukusakaza imikhiwane, njengoba kulula kakhulu futhi kuphumelela ngokwengeziwe ukuphindaphinda lezi zihlahla ngokusika igatsha bese ulitshala ngqo emhlabathini. Nokho, ukuxhunyelelwa komkhiwane kuvame ukwenziwa ukubutha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene futhi kanjalo bathole isihlahla esikhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakhiwane.
Le mifino ijwayele ukusabela kahle kule nqubo, ngakho-ke umphumela uvame ukuphumelela. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezindlela eziningana ezihlukene, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi okuthiwa "isiswebhu nolimi". Okulandelayo sizoxoxa ngokuthi ungaxhunyelelwa kanjani isihlahla somkhiwane isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Khetha umsingathi: Kungaba igatsha lomkhiwane wethu noma ucezu olusikiwe.
- Khetha inzalo: Kubalulekile ukuthi ilingane nosokhaya.
- Lungiselela umsingathi: Sisebenzisa ummese obukhali kakhulu, kufanele sisike phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-2,5 no-6,3, sitshekisela phansi unqenqema. Ukusika kufanele kujule ngokwanele ukuze sikwazi ukubona ingxenye eluhlaza yangaphakathi engaphansi kwamagxolo.
- Dala "ulimi": Kusokhaya kufanele senze ukusika, siphinde sithambekele phansi, siqale cishe ingxenye yesithathu yendlela eya phezulu, ngokusekelwe ekusikeni kokuqala. Ngenxa yalokho sizothola ucezu olufana nolimi, yingakho igama.
- Susa isiqu: Manje sekuyisikhathi sokusika ucezu lwesihlahla somkhiwane esifuna ukuxhunyelelwa kuso. Okufanelekile, kufanele okungenani ube nama-buds amathathu aqala ukwakheka kwawo. Kumelwe sisike ucezu olungaba amasentimitha angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 ubude futhi sisuse amaqabunga olunawo.
- Dala "ulimi" esiqwini: Kufanele ukwenze ngendlela efanayo nangomsingathi, kodwa kulokhu kufanele sitshekisele ukusika phezulu.
- Ukufaka isiqu kumsingathi: Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka isiqu kumsingathi, khona kanye engxenyeni eluhlaza engaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuyihlanganisa kahle. Kumelwe siqaphele ukuthi singanwebeki isiphetho se-scion kude kakhulu ekupheleni komsingathi, njengoba lokhu kungase kubangele ukubonakala kwekholi lapho i-graft iqala ukuphulukiswa, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise ukukhula.
- Hlanganisa zombili izingcezu: Ekugcineni kusasele ukugoqa izingcezu ezimbili nge-tape esobala, kwezinye izindawo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-tape yesihlahla. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, lapho i-graft isivele isebenze, sekuyisikhathi sokususa i-tape.
Kwenziwa nini ukuxhunyelelwa komkhiwane?
Uma sesicacelwe ukuthi sixhunyelelwa kanjani isihlahla somkhiwane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi kufanele sikwenze nini. Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sonyaka kubalulekile ukuze le nqubo iphumelele. Okuhle wukuxhunyelelwa izihlahla entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, imifino ihluma ngokugcwele futhi ikhule, okuzovuna le nqubo. Singakwazi futhi ukwenza lo msebenzi ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngo-August. Nokho, ukuxhunyelelwa esikwenza sekwephuzile ngeke kukhule amahlumela kuze kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi lwendlela yokuxhunyelelwa komkhiwane, kufanele siqale phansi sisebenze. Uma sikwenza kahle, sizothola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhiwane emthini ofanayo, onenzuzo kakhulu ezicini eziningana.