Kukuzo zonke izimbali zesifazane nezama-hermaphrodite. Kwesinye isikhathi iphakama ngokuziqhenya ngamacembe, kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala sengathi ifuna ukucasha phakathi kweziqu. Umbala wayo wehluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo zezitshalo, noma kunjalo, ukwakheka kwayo okuyisisekelo akuguquki. I-pistil ingenye (enye, kunalokho) yobuciko bemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuvela kwemvelo kungaqhubeka kanjani.
Njenge-ovary yabantu besifazane bomndeni omuhle wezilwane ezincelisayo, ipistil yisibeletho ukusho ngalezo zinhlamvu ukuthi, uma konke kuhamba kahle, zizohluma zize zibe izihlahla, izintende, icacti,… ngamafuphi, izitshalo ezihlobisa iplanethi.
Yini ipistil?
I-pistil, noma njengoba manje ibizwa nge-gynoecium, yingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke yembali yesifazane o i-hermaphrodite. Kusenkabeni yawo, futhi kulapho ukukhula kwesizukulwane esisha kungaqala khona.. Iqukethe iqoqo lama-carpels (amaqabunga aguquliwe) izingxenye zawo ezilandelayo:
- I-ovary: yilona eliqukethe ama-ovules okufanele avundiswe.
- Esilo: kungukunwetshwa kwe-ovary, okuyihlanganisa nehlazo. Ayinawo amaqanda.
- Ukucwaswa: kuyingxenye yembali ethola impova enamaseli noma ama-gametes abesilisa.
Yize ekuqaleni singacabanga ngenye indlela, kungahle kube nepistil eyodwa noma amabili. Ezimbali ze-hermaphroditic azibonakali kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba zingadidaniswa ne-stamens. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azinciki kunoma ngubani ukuze amaqanda azo avundiswe, ngoba ancike kuzo futhi ezimweni ezithile ezintweni ezinjengomoya, ngakho-ke azidingi ukuheha noma yiziphi izinambuzane noma izilwane.
Kwezabesifazane, ngokuvamile, zingenye yezingxenye ezigqame kakhulu, ngoba kufanele zibonwe yizinambuzane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uyini umsebenzi wepistil wembali?
Umsebenzi omkhulu ukukhiqiza amaseli wezocansi noma ama-gametes azokhipha izithelo zezitshalo.. Kepha empeleni, ayiqondile njengoba izwakala, ikakhulukazi ezimbali zezinsikazi. Futhi ngukuthi, yize kuthina indawo egcwele izimbali ezinemibala ehlukene iyisizathu senjabulo, ngoba izitshalo leyo ndawo efanayo iyisimo lapho impi yokuheha isinambuzane esisebenza ngempova ingaba ngesihluku.
Kule ndawo yempi izikhali ezinezitshalo zinemibala, futhi ezimweni eziningi, nazo zinuka. Imibala elula namaphunga amnandi kuzoheha izinambuzane ezibalulekile emhlabeni: izinyosi. Kepha ukunikezwa kungadlula okufunwayo; Noma ubeke ngenye indlela, kungahle kube nezimbali eziningi kunezinyosi. Yilapho kuqala khona 'impi yezimbali', futhi lapho kuvela khona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Uma isitshalo sithola izimbali zaso impova ezimweni eziningi, ngeke sishintshe. Kepha labo abasweleyo bazoguqula isu labo, noma bagcine ngokufa. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo. Akuzona izitshalo eziqine kakhulu ezisindayo, kodwa lezo ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezenzeka emhlabeni wonke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Futhi lokhu kuyinto okufanele sicacise ngayo, ngoba uma sifuna unakekele imvelo, okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ukutshala izitshalo zomdabu (noma okungenani ukuzihlanganisa nezinye engadini noma kuvulandi), ngoba ngaleyo ndlela sisiza nezilwane zasendaweni yethu ukuba ziphile.
Kufanele ucabange lokho izitshalo nezinambuzane zivame ukuhambisana. Lezo ezinezimbali ze-hermaphroditic ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo zazo ngezimbewu, azinciki kakhulu ezilwaneni, kepha lezo ezinezimbali zesifazane kuphela kufanele zikwazi ukuthola ithuba lokwakha isizukulwane esisha, okungiletha umbuzo olandelayo:
Lapho ivuthwa i-pistil, kwakhiwa ini?
Lapho nje okusanhlamvu okuncane kwempova kufinyelela kule ndaba enenhlamba, kusuka e-ovule kuzokhula ithubhu elincane elizofinyelela ekugcineni kwepistil. Ukusuka lapho, i-zygote izokwakhiwa, okuzoba yiseli lokuqala lesitshalo elisanda kuqala ukukhula kwalo.
Ngokushesha noma kancane, lelo seli lizohlukana ngokwengeziwe lize lakha lokho okuzoba yimbewu. Njengoba ikhula, kanjalo ne-pistil: ne-ovary izokhula, ngenkathi idla futhi ivikela imbewu. Lapho ekugcineni sesilungile, isithelo singasuswa esitshalweni bese ngaleyo ndlela siqale umjaho wokusinda kwaso.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani phakathi kokuvundiswa kwembali kuze kube yilapho izithelo zivuthwa?
Lo ngumbuzo othakazelisa kakhulu, kepha awunayo impendulo eyodwa, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. Kepha ukukunika umbono, kufanele wazi ukuthi:
- Izitshalo zonyaka: yilabo abaphila unyaka (noma okuthile okuncane). Ngaleso sikhathi, ziyamila, zikhule, zichume, zithele izithelo, futhi ekugcineni zife. Bashiya imbewu yabo isilungile esikhathini esiyisonto noma ezimbili ngokuvamile, kwesinye isikhathi noma ngaphansi. Ulwazi oluningi
- Izitshalo ezibili ngonyaka: yilabo abaphila iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sangaphambili ziyakhula futhi zikhule, kuyilapho eziqhakaza kamuva futhi, ngemuva kokuthela izithelo, zife. Imbewu yayo ivuthwa emasontweni ambalwa futhi.
- Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi:
- Izihlahla, izihlahlana nemithi yesundu: kuzoncika kakhulu ezinhlotsheni. Ezinye zithatha amasonto ambalwa, kepha ezinye zingathatha izinyanga (njengezihlahla zezithelo) ngisho nonyaka (njengoba kunjalo ngabaningi ama-conifers, Ngokwesibonelo).
- I-bulbous ne-rhizomatous: imvamisa ithatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga.
- I-Herbaceous: Amakhambi angapheli angathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa.
Futhi uma ubufuna okungaphezulu, nayi ividiyo echaza ukuthi inqubo yokuvuthwa kwe-pistil injani: