Isitshalo ngasinye siwumhlaba. Ukuze siziqonde futhi sizihlakulele, kumelwe sazi izidingo zazo nalokho ezikukhethayo. Lapho imifino inakekelwa kahle, ibonakala ekubukekeni kwayo nasekukhiqizeni izimbali nezithelo zayo. Endabeni yamajikijolo, kubalulekile ukuwahlinzeka ngezidingo ezithile futhi ukwazi ukuhlonza nokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zikamalibhele ukuvuna izithelo zawo.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla zikamalibhele, yiziphi izinambuzane nezifo ezivame kakhulu ezithinta zona nokuthi zingazinakekela kanjani. Uma ucabanga ukutshala le mifino, ungangabazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda.
Yini i-mulberry?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngezifo zikamalibhele, ake siqale sicacise ukuthi iyini le mifino. Kuyisihlahla esinamaqabunga atholakala eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Iyingxenye yohlobo UMorus y Itshalwa ikakhulukazi izithelo zayo, amajikijolo, kodwa futhi ukuhlobisa izingadi namasimu ezithelo.
I-Las kamalibhele zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ingafinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha ayi-15. Ngokuqondene namahlamvu alesi sitshalo, alula futhi ayashintshana futhi anemiphetho eqondile. Izimbali zayo ngokuvamile ziqoqwe ngama-spikes futhi azifani nobulili. Ngokuphathelene nezithelo zezihlahla zikamalibhele, lezi zivame ukuba nobude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Njengoba kulindelekile, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze UMorus. Okudume kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- UMorus nigra (umulberry omnyama): Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Intekenteke kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, kodwa futhi itshalwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izithelo zawo zimnandi futhi zinephunga elimnandi kunezamanye ama-mulberry, futhi zinezakhiwo eziningi.
- UMorus alba (i-mulberry emhlophe): Udabuka eMpumalanga Asia. Iwuhlobo olumelana kakhulu nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, izithelo zalesi sihlahla azivamile ukudliwa, njengoba zingenambitheki kakhulu. Itshalwa kakhulu ukuze kutholwe amaqabunga ayo, ngoba idla izikelemu zikasilika.
- UMorus rubra (i-mulberry ebomvu): Ivela empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Njengezinhlobo zangaphambilini, lena futhi imelana kahle kakhulu nezimo zezulu ezihlukene. Izinkuni zalesi sihlahla zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha, kuyilapho izithelo zithandwa kakhulu ku-gastronomy.
Izinambuzane zikamalibhele nezifo
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, i-mulberry nayo ingahlushwa yi-pathologies ehlukahlukene. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ama-aphid nama-mealybugs. Kokubili kuyacasula kakhulu futhi kungadala umonakalo omkhulu uma singathathi isinyathelo kusenesikhathi. Maningi amakhambi asekhaya kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingasisiza ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, ungafunda izihloko mayelana indlela yokuqeda i-aphid nge-fairy y ungayisusa kanjani i-mealybugs ezitshalweni. Kodwa okusithakasela kakhulu manje ukwazi izifo ezivame kakhulu zikamalibhele.
ukubola kwezimpande
Okokuqala nje sinokubola kwezimpande. Kuyisifo sokukhunta esihlasela ngqo izimpande. Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka uma kukhulunywa ngesikhunta, kuvame ukuvela lapho amazinga omswakama ephezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, Ukunisela ngokweqile kungaba yimbangela yokuvela kwalesi sifo. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpande ziyabola futhi zilahlekelwe amandla okuthutha kokubili imisoco namanzi kuyise kuso sonke isitshalo.
Yini esingayenza uma isihlahla sethu sama-blackberry sithinteka? Isixazululo kuphela ukufaka isicelo isikhunta. Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sesithuthuke kakhulu, ngeke sikwazi ukusindisa isitshalo.
I-Chancre
Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zikamalibhele i-canker, noma i-canker. Futhi ngemvelaphi ye-fungal, le pathology ithinta izindawo ezahlukene zesitshalo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo singasihlukanisa nge- ukubonakala kwamabala afana nokusha egxolweni. Lawa machashaza ngokuvamile amnyama futhi avela ezingxenyeni ezinzima kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwawo, amaqabunga esihlahla sikamalibhele ayabuna.
Ukulwa ne-canker futhi ulondoloze isihlahla sethu sama-blackberry, kungcono kakhulu Sika yonke indawo ethintekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sisebenzise amathuluzi afakwe isibulala-magciwane bese sifaka unamathisela okwelapha ezindaweni ezisikiwe. Kufanele futhi sisebenzise isibulali sikhunta ukuze sivikele sonke isitshalo.
I-Mycosphaerella
Uma sikhuluma ngakho I-Mycosphaerella, sibhekisela ohlotsheni lwesikhunta esihlasela izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nesihlahla sama-blackberry. Ibangela ukuvela kochungechunge lwamachashaza emaqabunga. Zincane ngosayizi futhi umbala wazo uyahluka ukusuka kokunsundu kuye komhlophe. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga awakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesize okuthinta kabi kokubili isitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwaso.
Njengasesimweni esedlule, ukuthena izindawo ezithintekile nokusebenzisa ama-fungicides kuyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izifo zikamalibhele, uma sisheshe sizihlonze futhi siqale ukwelashwa, siba nethuba elingcono lokubuyisela isihlahla sikamalibhele.
Gum
I-Gummosis ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu zama-mulberry. Le pathology ibonakala ngokuxoshwa kwe-sap ngokusebenzisa isiqu. Lo muthi unombala o-amber futhi ufana nenhlaka. Indawo ethintekile iyaqhekeka, ngakho-ke imifino igcina ilahlekelwe ingxenye yamagxolo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-gummosis kuhlanganisa ukukhuhla indawo ethintekile kuze kufike okhunini olunempilo. Lapho kufanele sifake isicelo ingxube ye-lime nesibabule ukuvikela isitshalo ekulimaleni okwengeziwe futhi sisize siphulukise.
Indlela yokunakekela isihlahla sama-blackberry?
Ngokusobala kufanele siqaphele ukuthi izitshalo zethu azihlushwa izinambuzane, izifo noma isikhunta. Ukuzama ukuvimbela ukuthi okuthile kungenzeki kubo, okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza banikeze konke ukunakekelwa abakudingayo. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuvela kwezifo zikamalibhele. Ake sibone ukuthi ungasinakekela kanjani isihlahla sama-blackberry:
- Indawo: Isihlahla sama-blackberry kufanele sibekwe elangeni eligcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukutshala okungenani amamitha amahlanu ukusuka kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo noma ukwakhiwa, ukugwema izinkinga. Umhlabathi kumele ube nokugeleza okuhle.
- Ithempelesha: Izihlahla zikamalibhele zingamelana nokufika ku-18ºC. Nokho, azikwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesithwathwa.
- Ukunisela: Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi izihlahla zama-blackberry azidingi amanzi amaningi, kubalulekile ukuzinisela nokugcina inhlabathi imanzi. Kungcono ukuwaphuzisa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5, futhi ehlobo izikhathi ezi-4 noma ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Obhalisile: Lapho zidinga kakhulu ukudla, kusehlobo nasentwasahlobo. Kufanele sivundise izihlahla zikamalibhele njalo kulezi zinkathi ezimbili zonyaka. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa umanyolo ohlukahlukene wemvelo njalo ngenyanga.
- Ukuthena: Ngokuqondene nokuthenwa kwesihlahla sama-blackberry, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekupheleni kobusika. Ngokuyisisekelo imayelana nokususa wonke lawo magatsha abuthakathaka, omile noma agulayo.
Ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokunakekelwa nezifo zesihlahla sikamalibhele, kungani singasitshali engadini yethu yezithelo noma engadini? Uma uthanda lolu hlobo lwamajikijolo, ngincoma ukuthi ubheke lesi sihloko indlela yokutshala amajikijolo engadini.