Kokubili ochwepheshe abaningi kanye nemfundamakhwela kakhulu ezingadini, iSwiss chard iyimifino enhle okufanele ikhule. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusebhodweni, engadini yasemadolobheni, emasimini noma phansi, lezi zitshalo zilula kakhulu ukuzinakekela. Uma nje sazi ukuthi kufanele sizitshale nini nokuthi kufanele sizinakekele kanjani, cishe senze konke. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi akuvamile ukuthi le mifino ibe ne-pathologies, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi ingayithola. Kungakho sizokhuluma kulesi sihloko ngezifo ze-chard.
Uma ucabanga ukutshala le mifino, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda. Ngeke nje sizobala izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-chard, kodwa futhi sizochaza zingavinjelwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi amakhambi asekhaya esingawathuthukisa ukuze silwe nawo.
Yiziphi izifo uChard anazo?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, akuvamile kakhulu ishadi isifo, okungenani uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo, njengotamatisi. Noma kunjalo, akukaze kube buhlungu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela, kokubili izinambuzane kanye nesikhunta kanye namagciwane. Indlela enhle yokwenza lokhu ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe ezitshalweni.
Phakathi kwezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu nezibalulekile yi- inhlangano yezitshalo. Ngokusebenzisa le nqubo singaqinisekisa ukuthi imifino iyazuza komunye nomunye, inikeze izakhi ezithile ezidingekayo. Endabeni ye-Swiss chard, inothisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, okuhle kungaba ukuzihlanganisa nezinye izitshalo ezihlinzeka nge-phosphorus. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyizithelo nezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabuye zihlotshaniswe nemifino ehlinzeka nge-potassium, njengemifino yezimpande kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle kakhulu ukutshala i-chard kanye nezaqathi, upelepele, amaradishi kanye notamatisi. Laba bazozuza ku-nitrogen ehlinzekwa yi-chard, kuyilapho i-chard izozuza ezakhiweni ezengeziwe. Futhi, uma sitshala u-anyanisi kanye/noma izitshalo ezinephunga elimnandi, sizokwazi ukuxosha izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene lokho angeke kuthinte i-chard kuphela, kodwa zonke izitshalo esinazo. Kodwa qaphela, akunconywa ukutshala le mifino eduze kwe-asparagus noma ama-leeks.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngokuhlangana kwezitshalo, izitshalo ziyaqiniswa ngenxa yemisoco ehlukahlukene eziyitholayo, abaphephile ngokuphelele. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-chard esingazithola, lapho sizoqokomisa ezimbili zazo:
- I-Cercospora
- I-Sclerotinia
- I-beet yellowing
- I-Peronospora
- i-beet mosaic
- I-Cucumber Virus I
- I-Virosis
i-chard pox
Phakathi kwezifo ze-chard kukhona okuthiwa i-chard pox. Le phytopathology idala amabala afinyelela kumamilimitha amahlanu emaqabunga futhi angagcina ebolile. Kuyisifo sokukhunta esibangelwa I-Cercospora beticola, ngakho-ke ingelashwa ngama-fungicides, mhlawumbe yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sigweme ukutshala kabusha i-chard kuleyo ndawo okungenani iminyaka emibili ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukhunta luyanyamalala.
Isikhunta
Isikhunta akusona isifo esinjalo, kodwa iqembu lezifo ezihlanganayo zidala i-endoparasitic pseudofungi. Kungcono ukuzama ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingaveli, ngoba iyingozi kakhulu hhayi kuphela i-chard, kodwa izitshalo eziningi ezengeziwe. Lezi yizimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zesikhutha:
- Isikhunta esimpunga noma impushana eziqwini, izithelo, namahlamvu
- Amabala aphuzi aphenduka abe nsundu emaqabunga
- Izithelo ezibolile, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa
- ukukhula kancane
- Ukukhiqiza okuncane kwezitshalo
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, nanoma yisiphi esinye esibangelwa isikhunta, Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ubungozi. Isikhunta sande ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezifudumele, yingakho kufanele sinisele kuphela uma kunesidingo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-substrates ane-drainage enhle kuzosiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka kufanele sigweme ukuchelela izitshalo ezivela phezulu noma ukubeka izitsha ngaphansi kwebhodwe, ngaphandle uma sikhumbula ukususa amanzi amaningi.
Esimeni lapho izitshalo zethu sezivele sezihlaselwe isikhutha, singasebenzisa ama-fungicides emvelo, noma ngabe senziwe ekhaya noma sithengiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwethusi nesibabule kuphumelela kakhulu ekulweni nalesi sifo. Uma lawa makhambi emvelo engasebenzi kithi, singakhetha ama-chemical fungicides, nakuba kunganconywa.
Ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kwezifo ze-chard
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi ziyini izifo ze-chard, ake sibone ukuthi singazilungisa kanjani ngendlela engokwemvelo neshibhile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuvimbela i-fungus, singenza ama-fungicides enziwe ekhaya avame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngalokhu sinalezi zinketho:
- I-fungicide eyenziwe ekhaya ngegalikhi: Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kakhulu njengendlela yokuvimbela kunokuba ikhambi, kodwa ingaba usizo olukhulu lapho sisola isifo sokukhunta. Kuwukumnika okwenziwa ngekhanda likagalikhi kuwo wonke ilitha lamanzi. Kufanele siyibilise le ngxube cishe ihora. Uma selipholile, sethula lesi sibulala-sikhunta esisanda kwakhiwa endaweni yokufutha bese siyithela phezu kwemifino ethintekile noma leyo esifuna ukuyivikela.
- I-tansy infusion: Lokhu ukumnika ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukulwa nesifo i-aphid, kodwa futhi iyasebenza ekulweni nesikhutha. Yenziwa ngezimbali zale mifino. Ukuwulungiselela kufanele ubilise amagremu angamashumi amathathu ezimbali ezi-tansy kuwo wonke ilitha lamanzi.
- Isibulala-sikhunta esenziwe ekhaya ngobisi: Ngaphandle kokulwa nesikhunta, isibulali sikhunta esenziwe ekhaya ngobisi siphinde sinikeze izakhi ezitshalweni, njenge-phosphate, i-potassium ne-lactic acid. Ukuyilungiselela kufanele sihlanganise izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili zamanzi emvula (uma siwathatha empompini, kungcono ukuwayeka aphumule izinsuku ezingaphezu noma ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili) kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zobisi oluncibilikisiwe. Kule ngxube kuzodingeka sengeze amagremu angamashumi amabili esoda yokubhaka kulelo nalinye ilitha esilidalile. Okutuseka kakhulu ukufaka lesi sibulala-sikhunta esenziwe ekhaya ngesifutha njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, uma kungenzeka ekushoneni kwelanga.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi ngezifo ze-chard kanye nalawa maqhinga amancane okwenza amakhambi asekhaya, usuvele uzilungiselele uma kwenzeka isitshalo sakho sithintwa isikhunta.