Siyazi ukuthi i- iphini Kungumuthi owaziwayo cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi uhlwanyelwe ukuhlaselwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokukhula kwawo kanye nezinzuzo zokuvuselelwa kwenhlabathi. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zikaphayini ezaziwa ngegama elijwayelekile likaphayini omnyama. Igama layo lesayensi ngu UPinus uncinata. Ngeyomndeni wakwaPinaceae futhi isihlahla esikhulu ngokwanele esinezimpawu ezithanda ukukhula kweminye imiphakathi yezitshalo nezilwane.
Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi ziyini izici zalo muthi, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuyinhloko nokunakekelwa kwawo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Indawo engokwemvelo yaleli phayini yizintaba zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Imvamisa ikhula enhlabathini enomswakama etholakala kumamitha ayi-1.000 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Imelana neqhwa namakhaza kahle, ngakho-ke ayinazinkinga zokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngokuthuthuka kwayo nezimo zemvelo, ukuphakama kwayo kungaba phakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20. Inomqhele wohlobo lwephiramidi onama-ramifications esisekelweni.
Inesiqu esiyindilinga futhi imvamisa ayikhuli, kepha iqonde ngqo. Amahlathi akha iPinus uncinata athanda ukukhula kweminye imiphakathi yezitshalo nezilwane. Isibonelo, i-grouse ikhula ngenxa yophayini omnyama. Yize ikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi inamandla amahle okuvuselela inhlabathi esonakele, iyazwela ngoshintsho lwezemvelo. Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa noma izinkathi zemvula enamandla kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni, ekukhuleni nasendaweni yokwabiwa kwayo.
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezinokukhula okuhamba kancane, ngakho-ke ukuba nayo engadini yethu kungaba yinto efanelekayo kuphela ebekezelela kakhulu Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-400 ubudala. Imvamisa, kuneminyaka engama-120 lapho beqala ukulahlekelwa amandla abo okuzala.
Amagxolo alo awugqinsi impela kanti umbala umpunga. Ihlukaniswe yaba amapuleti angama-squamous wesimo se-angular. Amaqabunga anazo ku-fascicles ezimbili, yize kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala zizungeze iziqunto eziphakeme ngamaqembu ka-3. Iqoqo lawo wonke amaqabunga aluhlaza kepha ngamathoni amnyama linikeza amahlamvu aminyene futhi amnyama kuphayini. Ngakho-ke, ithola igama likaphayini omnyama.
Impova equkethwe yizigaxa eziphuzi noma ezibomvu iyaxoshwa ezinyangeni zikaMeyi kuya kuJulayi ukuze ikhiqize kabusha.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
El UPinus Uncinata Idabuka eYurophu. Ikhono layo lokumelana namazinga okushisa abandayo futhi aphansi kakhulu liyayenza ukwazi ukuthuthuka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.000 2.300 kuye kumamitha ama-XNUMX ngaphezu kwelwandle. Umkhawulo wayo wokumelana namakhaza neqhwa uvame ukuzungeza -23 degrees.
Ngokwemvelo, singakuthola maphakathi nasentshonalanga ye-Alps. ESpain, siyithola ePyrenees ngisho nasendaweni yaseGirona. Kuhlelo lwe-Iberia zingatholakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1.500 kanye nama-2.000.
Kunezindawo lapho kutshalwa khona uphayini omnyama ukuze kutshalwe amahlathi noma kusetshenziselwe ukuhweba. Isibonelo, eSierra Nevada kuyalinywa. Ngokuqondene nendawo ehlala kuyo, iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ebandayo neyomile. Ngalesi sizathu, yakha amahlathi amnyama futhi isiza ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ukuba zithuthuke. Ngokuvamile yizinhlobo ezivelele lapho zixutshwe nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo endaweni efanayo.
Kuyaqabukela ukuyibona ezindaweni eziphakeme, kepha lapho ibonwa, imvamisa ihlobene ne- UPinus sylvestris futhi i spruce. Izifunda ezilimale kakhulu ngokuhlanzwa komhlaba zingavuselelwa kabusha ngokuba khona kwe UPinus uncinata.
Kanjani UPinus uncinata
Njengoba izitshalo zingu-autotrophic, ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla kwazo okuvela emanzini nasemisebenzini yelanga. Lesi sihlahla sithatha amanzi nosawoti wamaminerali akhona kusuka phansi kusetshenziswa izimpande zawo. Uhlelo lwayo lwempande lukhulu impela futhi lunezimpande ezinkulu nezinkulu ezihlangene uyakwazi ukukhipha okuqukethwe okunomsoco ophakeme. Lezi zimpande ziyaphuma zize zingene emadwaleni lapho zihlala khona bese ziqhekeka ngokuphelele. Yinhlanganisela phakathi kukasawoti wamaminerali abawamunayo namanzi akha incindi eluhlaza.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-photosynthesis, ubisi oluhlaza olwenziwe ngosawoti wamaminerali namanzi lusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze luziguqule lube ushukela nomoya-mpilo. I-oksijeni ikhishelwa emvelweni kanti umkhiqizo wokugcina uyisiphu esichaziwe. Ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo yokukwazi ukuguqula ubisi oluhlaza lube yincazelo kuya ngamaprotheni akwazi ukuthatha ukukhanya kwelanga.
Lapho nje ubisi olusetshenzisiwe selwakhiwe, ngenxa yobuningi bemikhumbi enokhuni, bayakwazi ukuhambisa ubisi olucutshunguliwe luye kuso sonke isitshalo esiphelele. I-xylem uhlelo olubhekele ukuthwala usawoti wamanzi namaminerali kanye ne-phloem ephethe ama-molecule eglucose.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile
El UPinus uncinata Inokusetshenziswa okuningi, kufaka phakathi okuthengiswayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkuni zawo zisezingeni elifanele, ziba mbumbulu impela ngenxa yokusanhlamvu kwazo okuhle. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqanjwa, kuvumela ukusebenza ngokhuni kalula, okwenza imikhiqizo ephume ikhwalithi enhle. Isetshenziswa endaweni yokwakha ukwenza ifenisha, ukubaza futhi njengophethiloli.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, sithola izandiso ezinkulu zikaphayini omnyama ePyrenees. Kule ndawo izinkuni zayo zisetshenziswa yizingcweti ekuphendukeni. Zisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinsimbi zomculo nezinye izingcezu zokhuni.
Futhi ukuthi izakhiwo ukuthi izinkuni zaleli phayini zifunwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezinkuni ngekhwalithi. Kodwa-ke, kuneminye imikhakha eminingi ekhethekile engazi izinzuzo zokwakha. Isibonelo, abakhi bezakhiwo abaningi abakwazi ukuba lusizo kwezinkuni zabo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i- UPinus uncinata Yisihlahla esaziwayo nesithandwayo esinezimpawu ezinhle.