Izitshalo zithuthukise izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusinda. Ngokuya ngezimo ezitholakala ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, kule minyaka edlule bazuze izinto ezimangazayo, njengokungaqapheli ogwadule lapho izilwane ezimbalwa ezikhona zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi zisesha okuthile ongakufaka emlonyeni wakho.
Kepha bakwenza kanjani? Kunezindlela eziningana. Ngakho-ke Ake sibone ukuthi ukulingisa kuqukethe ini ezitshalweni, futhi yiziphi izibonelo ezingadonsela ukunaka kwethu kakhulu.
Kuyini ukulingisa?
Yize ukuqonda ukulingiswa ezitshalweni, okokuqala nje kufanele sazi ukuthi iyini incazelo yalelo gama. Impela usuvele unawo umqondo wokuthi kusho ukuthini, kepha uma kwenzeka unokungabaza, kufanele wazi lokho kulingisa Yikhono ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo (kungaba izilwane noma izitshalo) ezinalo lokuzuza inzuzo ethile ewusizo kuzo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziyaziwa:
- Ukuzenzakalela: Kwenzeka lapho ingxenye ethile yomzimba wesilwane ihlangana nenye esengozini enkulu. Ngale ndlela, ungaphambukisa ukunaka kwesitha sakho bese uphunyuka. Isibonelo, kunezinhlanzi ezinomsila ocishe ufane nenhloko, okuyingxenye umhlaseli afuna ukuyihlasela. Umsila, njengoba kungenjalo, kukusiza ukuba usinde.
- Ukulingisa okunolaka: Kwenzeka lapho isilwane esidlayo, noma i-parasite, sibukeka njengesinye esingenabungozi. Isibonelo, amanye ama-mantises angadlula izimbali ukuze akhohlise izisulu zawo.
- Ukulingisa kweBakerian: kwenzeka lapho uhlobo lwesitshalo lunezimbali ezicishe zifane zesilisa nezesifazane.
- Ukulingisa kweBatesian: Kwenzeka lapho isilwane esingesona ingozi sifana kakhulu nesinye. Isibonelo, izimpukane emndenini weBombyliidae zifana neminye iminyovu, ngakho-ke zingachuma.
- Ukulingisa amaLeaf: kwenzeka lapho isitshalo sibukeka njengesinye esisondele kakhulu kuso.
- Ukulingisa kweDodsonian: kwenzeka lapho isitshalo sinezimbali ezilingisa lezo zohlobo oluthile.
- Ukulingisa kukaMullerian: Kwenzeka lapho izilwane zinezici ezithile ezingazigcina ziphephile, ezinjengokunambitheka okungalungile. Kungashiwo ukuthi, ngenxa yalokhu, "bafundisa" ababadli babo besebancane, ngoba basafunda okudliwayo nokungafanele.
- Ukulingisa okungabonakali: Kwenzeka kakhulu ezilwaneni ezithile, kodwa nasezitshalweni. Isibonelo, bangasebenzisa iphunga labo ukuheha impova yabo.
- Ukulingisa: IPouyannian: Kwenzeka lapho imbali ibukeka njengesinambuzane sowesifazane.
- Ukulingisa kweVavilovian: kwenzeka lapho kukhethwa isitshalo sasendle ngoba sifana nesinye esivele silinywa.
Izibonelo zokulingisa ezitshalweni
Manje njengoba sesibone zonke izinhlobo zokulingisa ezikhona, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni, sekuyisikhathi sokugxila kokugcina. Yize ukulingisa ezitshalweni kungafundwa njengokufana nezilwane, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ngoba kungasisiza, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezingadinga uhlobo oluthile lokuvikelwa.
I-Amorphophallus titanum
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Leif Jørgensen
Kunezitshalo eziningi ezikhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu ukuheha izinambuzane ezithutha impova ezithanda lelo phunga. Kepha uma kukhona okufanelekile kulolu hlu, ngokungangabazeki i- I-Amorphophallus titanum. Esaziwa njengembali yesidumbu, kuyisitshalo esidabuka emahlathini aseSumatra (Indonesia) lokho eba ne-inflorescence efinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, okuheha izimpukane. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazobeka amaqanda abo ngaphakathi, lapho kuzovela khona izibungu ezinamanzi amancane (okungukuthi, izibungu ezondla ngezinto ezibolayo eziphilayo).
ISundew
Izitshalo ezidliwayo zohlobo ISundew bahlakulela amaqabunga ambozwe ngeziqu ezimfushane kakhulu ekugcineni kwawo okubukeka njengamazolo, kepha empeleni kungumbala. Lokhu kuyinto enamathele kakhulu ezinambuzaneni, ezigcina zibhajwe kuyo.
I-Ophrys apifera
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Bernard DUPONT
La I-Ophrys apifera i-orchid yaseYurophu enezimbali ezicishe zifane nezinyosi zesifazane, ngazo zonke izindlela: ukuma, imibala ... nephunga. Lapho inyosi eyidoda inuka iphunga, ayikwazi ukumelana nokuya kule mbali futhi izame ukuhambisana nayo. Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele ungenise isisu ku-calyx, lapho sithola khona 'ukugeza' kwempova ezothutha enye i-orchid.
I-albhamu ye-Lamium
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Rosser1954
El I-albhamu ye-Lamium Kungumuthi owaziwa nge-white nettle, kanti futhi ungowase-Europe. Yabelana ngendawo yokuhlala ne-nettle 'yeqiniso', okungukuthi, amakhambi ohlobo I-Urtica, futhi kubonakala sengathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubonile ukuthi, ngoba zihlanganyela izici, izilwane zimshiya yedwa. Into ehlekisayo ukuthi zombili umbala wezimbali zazo nephunga lawo kwehluke kakhulu: empeleni, ngenkathi izimbabazane zeqiniso zikhiqiza izimbali eziluhlaza okotshani futhi zikhipha iphunga elingathandeki, I-albhamu ye-Lamium Inezimbali ezimhlophe futhi ayinuki neze.
AmaLithops
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Ragnhild & Neil Crawford
I-Los AmaLithops aziwa njengamatshe aphilayo ngesizathu: ziyakwazi ukunganakwa, ukuzihlanganisa ne imvelo. Zazalelwa eningizimu ye-Afrika, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-109 zemibala ehlukene ezaziwayo: luhlaza okotshani, nsundu, mpunga.
Zikhona ezinye izibonelo ozaziyo zokulingisa ezitshalweni?