Inyoni yasePharadesi (Strelitzia spp)

I-Las I-Strelitzia Ziyi-genus yezitshalo ezinezimbali eziyigugu langempela engadini. Zikulungele ukukhonjiza amakhona asekade aba yisicefe, noma ukunikeza injabulo ekhoneni lakho eliluhlaza eliluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivumelanisa ngokumangalisayo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezulu, ngaphandle kwamakhaza kakhulu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezaziwa ngokuthi inyoni yepharadesi, futhi empeleni kukhona nokudideka okuningi nezinye ngenxa yokufana kwazo. Kepha ungakhathazeki: sizokwambula imfihlakalo engezansi. Yini enye, sizochaza ukuthi bazinakekela kanjani.

Umsuka nezimpawu zeStrelitzia

I-Strelitzia yizitshalo zomdabu zaseNingizimu Afrika, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukene. Lezi zingamakhambi aphakathi nendawo, yize kukhona ezinye ezedlula amamitha amahlanu ukuphakama njengoba sizobona ngezansi. Banesistimu yezimpande eyakhiwe izimpande ezine-rhizomatous, ezingasebenzi nje kuphela njengehange emhlabathini kodwa futhi njengendawo yokugcina ukudla. Lesi siqiwi siyasiza ngenkathi eyomile, futhi nasekulimeni futhi lapho sigcinwa ezindaweni ezinemvula encane.

Uma sikhuluma ngamaqabunga awo, makhulu, ama-lanceolate futhi anesikhumba. Kepha futhi bane-petiole ende ende (i-petiole yisiqu esisihlanganisa naso sonke isitshalo). Zihlala njalo, okusho ukuthi zihlala ziphila isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo Uma kukhona okuthile okudonsela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kungama-inflorescence aso, noma amaqembu ezimbali.

Zinezingxenye eziningana eziyilezi: ama-sepals asebenza njengamacembe (aheha ama-pollinators, lawo kuyizinyoni ezinjengokulunywa yizicabucabu nokunye okunjalo), namacembe amathathu ashiselwe nge-stamen ezinhlanu. Uma sezithole impova, ngaphakathi kwezithelo zesikhathi esizayo sizothola izimbewu eziyisithupha.

Izinhlobo ze-Strelitzia

Kunezinhlobo eziyisihlanu zezinhlobo noma izinhlobo. Zonke ziyahluka ngokuya ngosayizi ezifinyelela kuwo, kanye nombala wezimbali. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

I-Strelitzia alba

La I-Strelitzia alba, ngaphambi kocingo I-Strelitzia augusta, yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke uhlobo. Iyaziwa ngokuthi inyoni emhlophe yepharadesi. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10, futhi imvamisa yakha isiqu, yize njengabo bonke ohlobo lohlobo lwayo nayo ithanda ukukhiqiza amaswidi. Amaqabunga makhulu, amamitha amabili ubude. Izimbali zimhlophe futhi ziyaqhakaza entwasahlobo. Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku--2ºC.

I-Strelitzia caudata

La I-Strelitzia caudata Kuyisitshalo esingahle sididaniswe no-S. nicolai no-S. augusta. Ifinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha ayi-6, mhlawumbe enye into, futhi inamaqabunga aphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1,5 no-1,7 ubude, aluhlaza okotshani ngombala. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zihluma ekwindla. Ayimelani nesithwathwa.

I-Strelitzia juncea

La I-Strelitzia juncea Kuyizinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni zepharadesi ezihlukaniswa ukuma kwamaqabunga azo: lezi zimise okwenaliti, futhi zikala ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,20. Izimbali zifana kakhulu nalezo ze- I-Strelitzia reginae, kepha izwela kakhulu emakhazeni. Isekela kuze kufike ku - 1ºC.

I-Strelitzia nicolai

La I-Strelitzia nicolai ukuhluka okufana no-S. alba, kepha ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwe »kuphela» 4-5 amamitha. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zivame ukuvela kakhulu ehlobo. Kulezi zinhlobo ukuthambekela kokukhipha amaswidi kuyaphawuleka: noma sisencane, cishe imitha ubude noma ngaphansi, sesiyakwazi ukubona ezinye. Ingamelana nokufika ku -2ºC uma ivikelekile ngandlela thile.

I-Strelitzia reginae

La I-Strelitzia reginae, eyaziwa kangcono njengeBird of Paradise, ngokungangabazeki ithandwa kunazo zonke. Ngokuthwala okunamahloni, ikhula ibe ngaphezu kokuphakama okungaphezu kwemitha elilodwa. Amaqabunga abanzi, a-lanceolate, aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zayo zingasetshenziswa futhi njengembali esikiwe. Isekela amakhaza abuthakathaka aze afike ku -2ºC.

Yini ukunakekelwa kweStrelitzia?

Lezi zitshalo, noma ngabe zingezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, zizokhula ngokumangalisayo elangeni eligcwele nasekubonisweni komthunzi okuyingxenyengisho nasendlini enokukhanya okuningi. Kepha ake sibone ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kufanele banakekelwe kanjani:

Indawo

I-Strelitzia yizitshalo ezikhonza ilangaNgalesi sizathu, noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona, kuzodingeka sikutholele indawo enelanga. Noma bezogcinwa ezindlini, kubalulekile ukuthi igumbi abakulo likhanye kakhulu.

Yize bebekezelela umthunzi omncane, ngisho nami uqobo sengibonile S. reginae engakaze ithole ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo futhi yaqhubeka ichuma, kufanele futhi ngithi lezo eziqhakaza kakhulu yilezo ezivezwa yilanga ngqo elangeni. amahora ambalwa usuku ngalunye.

Inhlabathi noma i-substrate

• Isibindi: asikhulumi ngokufuna izitshalo ngokujwayelekile. Kepha basentweni eyodwa: amanzi. Besaba ukugcwala kwamanzi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi umhlaba ukwazi ukumunca nokuhlunga amanzi ngejubane elithile.
• Imbiza yezimbali: Uma zizotshalwa ezitsheni, kufanele zibe nezimbobo kusisekelo sazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazogcwaliswa ngengxube ye-peat moss nge-perlite ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.

Ungayinisela kanjani i-Strelitzia?

Ukunisela ngeke kube njalo, uma kungenjalo sizonisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Eqinisweni, kufanele uvumele inhlabathi yome ngaphambi kokufaka amanzi kabusha. Kepha yebo, AKUFANELE unisele kusuka phezulu, noma ngendlela yetreyi. I-Strelitzia ayikusekeli ukuchelela ngokweqile, ngakho-ke uma sinawo ezimbizeni, bese sibeka ipuleti ngaphansi kwawo, kufanele sikukhiphe lokhu ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba siwanisele.

Umbhalisile

Uma zigcinwa engadini, ngeke kudingeke ukuzikhokhela; esikhundleni salokho uma etshalwe ezimbizeni, angakhokhelwa ngamanyolo noma ngamanyolo angamanzi ukulandela imiyalo yomkhiqizi. Isibonelo, i-guano (iyathengiswa lapha) noma eyodwa yezitshalo eziluhlaza (iyathengiswa lapha) noma ngembali (iyathengiswa lapha) kungasiza kakhulu kubo ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi kuchume.

Ukuphindaphinda

I-Strelitzia yanda ngembewu nangokwehlukana entwasahlobo. Kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Imbewu: kulula ukuziphindiselela ngembewu, ngoba kufanele kutshalwe kuphela ezimbizeni, ngokwesibonelo, substrate yezithombo, bese uzishiya endaweni enelanga. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungangcwabi kakhulu, ngoba uma kungenjalo, ngeke ziqhume. Kumele ubeke inhlabathi encane kubo, ukuze iLanga lingakhanyi kubo. Vele, futhi kufanele unisele ngezikhathi ezithile, ukugcina i-substrate imanzi. Ngakho-ke, zizoqhakaza cishe inyanga. Ulwazi oluningi.
• Isigaba: lokhu kwenziwa kuphela lapho isitshalo sesifinyelele usayizi othize (cishe amasentimitha angama-50 uma kunezinhlobo ezincane, futhi okungenani imitha elilodwa kwezinkulu). Ngalolo sayizi, sebevele baqala ukukhiqiza amaswidi amaningi, angahlukaniswa ngokushesha lapho cishe engamasentimitha angama-1-30 ngosayizi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokudalula izimpande zesitshalo esingumama, bese kusikwa osimelayo -nezimpande- ngommese onamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kunezelwa kuwo ama-hormone anezimpande, futhi itshalwa ezimbizeni ezine-vermiculite eniselwa ngaphambili. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, kuzokhipha amaqabunga amasha ezinyangeni eziyi-40-1.

Izinambuzane

Amelana kakhulu, yize sikwazi ukuwabona:

• Ama-Mealybugs: bangaba ngamakhothoni, noma intwala yaseSan José. Zondla ngosawoti. Kungenzeka ukuwasusa ngesandla, noma nge-hose hose, kube sengathi sifuna ukugeza isitshalo ngokuphelele. Enye into esebenza kahle kakhulu ukufaka umhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa lapha) ngenhla. Ulwazi oluningi.
• Umsila nentamo: yisibungu esincane kakhulu, cishe esingamasentimitha ama-2 ubude, esivubukula zemibukiso zombili ezimpandeni nasentanyeni yesitshalo. Ilashwa nge-anti-drill insecticide noma nge-polyvalent eyodwa esebenza kahle kwizibungu, njenge lokhu.
• Ama-Nematode: yizibungu ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama, ezihlala emhlabathini nalapho zisuka khona zidla izimpande. Ngenxa yalokho, zingadala izicubu. Ingelashwa ngokugcina isitshalo siphilile, siniselwa kahle, nasendaweni enelanga. Uma kunezimpawu, ama-insecticide alwa nama-nematode (njengalena in lapha).

Izifo

Lezo ezibathintayo yilezo ezidluliswa isikhunta:

• I-Alternaria: kubangela ukuvela kwamabala aphuzi emaqabungeni. Ulwazi oluningi.
• I-Fusarium: yikhunta etholakala emhlabathini, futhi ebola izimpande. Ulwazi oluningi.
• I-Gloeosporium: ithinta kakhulu izimbali, okuyilapho sizobona khona amabala amnyama amaningi nokuma okulingene okungaba ngamamilimitha amabili.

Zonke zilwa namafungicides amaningi (njengale Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.), nokugwema ukumanzisa ngokweqile.

Ukufakelwa

Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo zingatshalwa kabusha, kungaba phansi noma embizeni enkulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukutshala kabusha izitshalo

Isibindi

I-Strelitzia uthanda izimo zezulu ezingenamakhaza, lapho kunamazinga okushisa aphezulu (phakathi kuka-30 no-40ºC ehlobo). Kepha njengoba sesibonile, kukhona okunye okumelana namakhaza, njenge S. reginae noma S. nicolai, amelana namakhaza abuthakathaka futhi avele ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ungathenga kuphi?

Uma ufisa, ungayithola I-Strelitzia reginae ngokuchofoza lapha:

Futhi nge- I-Strelitzia nicolai kusuka lapha: