Ekwindla inkathi yegolide yokukha amakhowe. Kunabantu abaningi abathanda ukusho ukuqoqa amakhowe azo zonke izinhlobo ukuze bajabulele amandla abo okupheka ngemuva kwalokho. Ngokuya ngemvula eye yaba khona entwasahlobo kanye neziphepho ezijwayelekile zasehlobo, kungenzeka ukuthi inani lamakhowe akhona nezinhlobonhlobo zawo lizohluka unyaka nonyaka. Ukwazi ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani ukuthi amakhowe anobuthi noma cha kuyisihluthulelo sokungabi nazinkinga ngemuva kokuvuna. Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ku- ungasho kanjani ukuthi ikhowe liyadla noma linobuthi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngakho, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Ungasho kanjani ukuthi amakhowe ayadliwa noma anobuthi
Okunye kokudla okufiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuna amakhowe ahlukene esiwathola emahlathini aswakeme. Kungumsebenzi omnandi futhi ojabulisayo kanye nowangempela. Kodwa-ke, kungaba ngumsebenzi oyingozi uma ungazi kahle ukuthi ayini amakhowe anobuthi futhi adliwayo.
Ukuze sikwazi ukuhlukanisa uma ikhowe linobuthi kufanele siqale sazi ukukhetha kwamakhowe bese siwabona onyawo nesigqoko. Phakathi kwalawo makhowe anonyawo nesigqoko kukhona amanye anobuthi obukhulu futhi yilawo avamise ukuba nokuma kwamathumbu noma kobuchopho ekhanda. Ukuze ube nguchwepheshe wokuhlukanisa amakhowe adliwayo futhi anobuthi, zonke izingxenye zamakhowe kufanele zihlaziywe: i-hymenium, isigqoko nonyawo.
IHymenium yekhowe
I-hymenium yingxenye enikeza ukuzala kwamakhowe. Kuyaziwa nangegama le-carpophorus. Yilapho kwenzeka khona ukuhlangana kwamangqamuzana okwangempela futhi kukhiqizwa izinhlamvu ezizokhulisa abantu abasha. Le hymenium ihlala isendaweni evikelwe kakhulu yamakhowe ngenxa yokubaluleka enakho ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Njengoba ungalindela, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hymenium futhi kufanele ufunde ukuzihlukanisa. Imvamisa ibekwa ngaphansi kwesigqoko futhi ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-4: amashidi, amashubhu ahlukaniswayo, ama-pleats nezinsimbi.
Esinye isibonakaliso esibalulekile ukuphuka kwenyama. Kuya ngemodi onayo amakhowe aphula inyama yawo singawahlukanisa abe yimicu noma aphuke njengoshoki noma okusanhlamvu. Lo mlingiswa ubangelwa ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kwezicubu zamakhowe. Kwamanye kunamaseli aqavile ahlukanisiwe futhi mancane aziwa ngegama le-hyphae. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona namakhowe anamaseli amaningi ayindilinga okuthiwa ama-spherocysts. Lawa maseli ayindilinga ahlangana ne-hyphae futhi yiwona anika inyama ukuthungwa okuchachambile noma okukhulu.
Iningi lamakhowe anobuthi livame ukuba lelo qembu lelo, lapho inyama iphukile, iba nefayibha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zamakhowe anobuthi aphuka njengoshoki. Isici esihlukanisayo ukuthi bavame ukuba nokunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu.
Umbala we-Spore
Esinye isici esisemqoka okufanele sisicabangele uma sifuna ukwazi ukuthi ikhowe liyadla noma linobuthi umbala wezinhlamvu. Uhlamvu olunzima kakhulu ukuluqonda kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamakhowe. Ukuze wazi isimo, kuzodingeka izinhlamvu zingafakwa ephepheni. Uma sicabanga ngombala we-lamellae, kufanele sinake izibonelo ezivuthiwe. Ngokuya ngombala wala ma-lamellae, umbala ama-spores azoba nawo ungamelwa kahle.
Kunemibala eyisisekelo emi-4 yezinhlamvu: omhlophe, onsundu, opinki nomnyama. Singatadisha ukufakwa kwamapuleti ngendlela abekwe ngayo maqondana nonyawo. Lesi yisici esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa ukuthi ngabe ikhowe linobuthi noma liyadla yini. Amanye amapuleti eza ehla enyaweni kanti amanye awohlobo olwehlayo olukhuphukela phezulu enyaweni. Lokhu kwaziwa njengamacwecwe wokuhlanza kanye nezinhlinzeko.
Ukwehlukanisa lolu hlobo lwamakhasi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba kufanele ubheke ukuthi unyawo lwehlukanisa kalula yini nesigqoko. Kunjengokungathi unyawo luyasuswa futhi luzoshiya uhlobo lwenyawo eyindilinga eyizungeza unyawo. Uma iphuka ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo, singakhuluma ngamashidi asezingeni eliphansi futhi amahhala. Uma unyawo kunzima ukuluhlukanisa, singakhuluma ngezinye izinhlobo zamashidi.
Izinsalela zesembozo
Lapho amakhowe esezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, ambozwa ngamaveyili ahlukahlukene njengewebhu noma ulwelwesi oluncane oluvikela amakhowe ezimweni ezimbi zemvelo. Njengoba zikhula, izinhlobo eziningi zilahlekelwa ngokuphelele izinsalela zala maveli kanti ezinye ziyazilondoloza. Ukuba khona kwesinye salezi zinsalela kubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukanisa ukuthi ikhowe liyadla noma linobuthi.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaveli zimi kanje: Ibuyela ezansi konyawo, izinsumpa esigqokweni esivame ukutholakala kalula ngomunwe, indandatho onyaweni nekhethini elinjengobulembu obuphakathi komphetho wesigqoko nonyawo.
Amakhowe ajwayelekile anobuthi eSpain
- Amanita phalloides: Yisibonelo esidala isibalo esiphezulu sobuthi ezingeni elijwayelekile. Ubuthi baleli khowe bungabulala umuntu emahoreni ambalwa nje.
- Fly agaric: Leli khowe alikwazi ukudidaniswa namakhowe we-gnome angenabungozi. Ukungeniswa kwe-fly agaric kungadala imiphumela ye-neurotoxic nemiphumela emibi.
- fly agaric: imiphumela yokudla lawa makhowe iyabulala. Luhlobo lwamakhowe olukhulayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.
- USathane kaBoletus: ngelinye lamakhowe ohlobo lweBoletus eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba nobuthi. Yize ubuthi bayo bungebona ubudlova njengegama layo. Uma uyidla, ungezwa ubuhlungu bamathumbu, umkhuhlane nokuhlanza. Lo mphumela uyanda uma uphuzwa ungavuthiwe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukuthi ungazi kanjani ukuthi amakhowe ayadliwa noma anobuthi.