Isithombe - Interempresas.net
Kukhona izinambuzane nezifo eziningi ezihlasela izitshalo, kodwa bambalwa abaziwa kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane njenge Xyella fastidiosa. Leli bhaktheriya, elivela eCalifornia, lithinta izinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezibalulekile kwezomnotho, njengezihlahla zomnqumo noma ze-alimondi, ukuze abalimi abaningi benze konke okusemandleni ukuvikela izitshalo zabo.
En Jardinería On futhi ukuze uvale i-alamu edaliwe, sizokuchaza konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana naleli bhaktheriya.
Kuyini lokhu?
Iminqumo, enye yezinhlobo ezithintekile.
La Xyella fastidiosa yigciwane lesigaba seproteobacteria esidabuka enyakatho yeCalifornia. Ngo-2013 itholakale esihlahleni somnqumo eningizimu ye-Italy, lapho eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela kamuva izogcina isithinta izigidi zeminqumo. Kepha akugcinanga lapho, kepha ekupheleni kuka-2 kwatholakala eSpain, ikakhulukazi eBalearic Islands, lapho izazi zebhayoloji zigxeka khona ukungalawuleki ekungenisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwemifino.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2017, yatholwa okokuqala eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, eGuadalest (Alicante). Futhi ngo-Ephreli 2018 icala lokuqala latholakala eMadrid, ikakhulukazi eVillarejo.
Okwamanje alikho ikhambi elitholakele.
Usakazeka kanjani?
Le microorganism idluliswa ngezinambuzane ezithwala uketshezi lwesitshalo, njengama-cercópidos (abukeka njengama-cicadas amancane) ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo, okuyilapho amazinga okushisa ephakathi kuka-26 no-28ºC ephezulu. Lapho nje i-vector isiluma isitshalo esinegciwane, amabhaktheriya azohlala ezakhiweni zokondliwa yizinambuzane, ezizodlulisela esitshalweni esilandelayo esilumayo.
Yiziphi izimpawu?
Izimpawu zingahluka ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, kepha imvamisa kufanele ukhathazeke uma sibona:
- Ukubuna kwamaqabunga
- Lesi sitshalo sibukeka sidangele, sidabukile
- Ukomiswa kwamaqabunga namagatsha
- I-Chlorosis
- Ukuhamba ngezinyawo emaqabungeni
Izithinta ziphi izitshalo?
La X. kuyacasula Inezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezehlukene zokusingathwa, kanti izitshalo ezinokhuni oluyizitshalo eziyinhloko ezithintekile, njenge- Aguacate, ezisawolintshi, i-alimondi, ipentshisi, umvini, oleander, oki, olmo, imephu, noma lindokuhlez.
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuvimbela ukusabalala?
Isithombe - Agropopular.com
Abanye abangathandi lutho kubalimi noma kwabezemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, hhayi kuphela izitshalo ezithintekile kodwa futhi nalezi ezingamabhaktheriya amaningi ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamamitha ayi-100 ziyasuswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicupho ze-chromatic zibekiwe ukuze kulawulwe futhi kuqedwe izinambuzane ze-vector ngaphakathi kwendawo engamamitha ayi-500.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuMnyango Wezemvelo Weziqhingi zaseBalearic isinqumo sithathiwe ukwenqabela ukuthunyelwa kochungechunge lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ongabonisana nazo lapha (ikhasi 3).
Zithini izimpendulo zabalimi nabezemvelo?
Lapho lesi sinambuzane sisakazeka kwesinye isikhathi abalimi nabezemvelo abahambelani, okuyinto engokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Abokuqala kusobala ukuthi banebhizinisi futhi bafuna ukuthola imali kulo; abezemvelo balindele ukuthi imvelo inakekelwe. Kepha maqondana noXylella, bobabili banenhloso efanayo: ukuqeda lesi sifo ukuze izitshalo nemvelo zibuyiselwe, noma kancane kancane.
Ngakho-ke, Nxusa ukuthi kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuqeda le nkinga, ebulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezihlahla. Ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva kakhulu, ngoMashi 2018 batholwa Ukuqhuma kwe-Ebola kwesihlahla somnqumo e-627 eBalearic Islands; emva kwenyanga zonke izihlahla zase zigawuliwe.
Endabeni yeMadrid, akuzona kuphela izihlahla ezithintekile ezasuswa, kodwa futhi nalezo ezazitholakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100. Konke lokhu kungukulahlekelwa kokubili kulabo abakhulisayo nakwezemvelo. Ngakho-ke kuyaphuthuma ukuthola izindlela ezisebenza ngempela zokuqeda Xyella fastidiosa.
Yini ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukuyisakaza?
Iqiniso ngukuthi abantu abakwazi ukwenza okuningi, ngoba yibona abaphethe uku-oda izitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izingane okufanele zihambisane nomthetho futhi zilandele ngokuqinile lokho okubonisiwe. Kepha ngokwesibonelo, futhi njengoba sibonile ngenhla, eziqhingini zaseBalearic asivunyelwe ukuthumela izitshalo ezithile, noma ngabe sikhethekile noma cha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka sisola ukuthi isitshalo esithile singaba ne-Ebola esihlahleni somnqumo, kuzobaluleka ukuxhumana nomnyango wezempilo wezitshalo ohambelana nendawo yethu.
Ekugcineni, kufanele sithenge ama-specimens aphilile. Uma enamaqabunga aphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sawo (ngokwesibonelo, uma kungumuthi onqabile olahlekelwa amaqabunga entwasahlobo), isiqu sawo sibukeka kabi, noma sinezilokazane, ngeke sawuthenga.
Uma kwenzeka unemibuzo, unganqikazi ukubuza 🙂.